Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas XI SMT GENAP

MATERI 1 :

CAUSE & EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS

CAUSE is the reason why something happened. The thing that happened is the EFFECT.

For example :

Cause : You shake a can of coke before open it

Effect : Your T shirt is wet and stained with coke

LINKING WORDS

There are three main types of Linking Words : Conjunctions, Transition, and Prepositions.

1. Conjunctions
The most important conjunctions are “because”, “as”, “since”, and “so”.
“Because”, “as”, and “since” introduce a cause.
“so” introduces an effect.
These are used to join two complete sentences (or independent clauses) together.

For example :
I stayed at home because it was raining
Effect cause  complete sentence

Because it was raining, I stayed at home

Complete sentence <-- Cause effect

It was raining, so I stayed at home

Cause Effect

2. Transitions
The most important transitions are “therefore”, “consequently” and “as a result”.
All of these introduce an effect.

For example :
It was raining; therefore, I stayed at home.
Cause Effect

It was raining. Consequently, I stayed at home.

Cause Effect

3. Prepositions
The most important prepositions are “due to” and “because of ”.
Both of these introduce a cause in the form of noun phrase.

For example :

I stayed at home due to the rain

Effect Cause  noun phrase

I stayed at home because of the rain

Effect Cause  noun phrase

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 MATERI 2 :
EXPLANATION TEXT

An explanation text is a kind of text which tells how and why something occurs.
It looks at the process rather than the thing itself.

The purpose of an explanation text is to explain the processes that occur in the formation or
activity associated with phenomenon in nature, society, culture, science and that aim to make
the listeners or readers understand.

The generic structure of an explanation text is as follows :

1. General Statement
2. Sequences of Explanation
3. Closing

Usually there are some passive voices used in explanation text. Passive voice is used when the
focus is on the action.

Passive voice : Be + Verb 3

Example : Tsunamis may also be caused by underwater landslides or volcanic eruptions.

Light is made up of a spectrum of colours,each with a different wave length.

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MATERI 3 :

SONG

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Definition of a song : a short musical composition with words.

Purpose/social function : to entertain, to express feeling or message

Structure of a song :

1. Intro : A brief introduction passage to the song. It is filled with the leading music before the
vocals come in.
2. Verse : A content of a song. In the verse, we can find the meaning, the feel, the concept,
and the theme of a song.
3. Chorus / refrain : Part of a song that is repeated at least once, both lyrically and musically.
A chorus usually plays a role as a catchy part in a song and emphasizes the message.
4. Bridge : Part of a song that has relatively different melody from the rest of the song. The
bridge creates the contrast and adds a richer dimension to a song.

Poetic Devices or Figurative Language in a song

Poetic devices are tools that a poet or a song writer use to create the wanted rhythm and
enhance the meaning or intensify the mood or feeling.

Some poetic devices in a song are :

1. Simile compares two object using specific words or comparison, such as “like” or “as”.
Examples :
 My heart is like an open door
 Do you ever feel like a plastic bag?
2. Metaphor  compares two unlike things without using “like” or “as”.
Examples :
 Today is a fairytale
 You are a perfect picture
 We are the world to me

3. Hyperbole  exaggerates something for dramatic effects.

Examples :
 I’d catch a grenade for you
 I got the eye of a tiger, a fighter, dancing through the fire

4. Imagery  uses words or phrases that use the five senses to form mental image.
Examples :
 The taste of love is sweet
 Talking to the moon
 Looking through the eyes of love

5. Onomatopoeia  imitates sounds with the use of words

Examples :
 The drum went bang
 Ain’t about the (uh) ch-ching, ch-ching

6. Rhyme  the similarity of ending sounds existing between two words.

Examples :
 Here's to the ones that we got
Cheers to the wish you were here, but you're not
'Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
Of everything we've been through
Toast to the ones here today
Toast to the ones that we lost on the way
'Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
And the memories bring back, memories bring back you
There's a time that I remember, when I did not know no pain
When I believed in forever, and everything would stay the same
Now my heart feel like December when somebody say your name
'Cause I can't reach out to call you, but I know I will one day, yeah
(memories by maroon 5)

 Oh, oh, I would go through all this pain

Take a bullet straight through my brain
(grenade by bruno mars)

7. Repetition  repetition of words, phrases, lines or stanza

Examples :
 Take, take, take it all, but you never give (repetition of words)

 I know you're somewhere out there

Somewhere far away
I want you back, I want you back (repetition of lines)
My neighbors think I'm crazy
But they don't understand
You're all I had, you're all I had

 Toast to the ones here today (repetition of phrases)

Toast to the ones that we lost on the way
'Cause the drinks bring back all the memories
And the memories bring back, memories bring back you