Name: Sharjeel Ashraf

Sap:70122909
Section: BSCS(1B)

Answer 1
Islamic Culture:
Almost billions of Muslims are living in the different parts of the world,
speaking different languages and live in different countries but still they
have one thing in common which is their religion Islam. They believe that
God is one and Prophet Muhammad is the last prophet. Islamic culture
includes many things some of them are food, traditions and clothing.
History:
During the Umayyad period Secular Muslim teachings and literature was
risen. Arabs were the first who attached to this culture and it became
popular. In this period Persian language became the important and most
speaking language of this civilization. Later on many poets developed the
Islamic by their Sufi poetry.
Characteristics:
For the guidance of Muslims Quran is the only source. Quran teaches them
the truth, traditions and rituals of the Islamic culture.
Festivals in Islamic culture:
Islam has bestowed Muslims with many festivals like Eid ul Fitter, Eid ul
Adha and Eid Milad un Nabi. These festivals impact Muslims lives deeply.
They remember the sacrifices of their Muslims leader. Eid ul Adha give the
lesson of sacrifice.
Islamic Civilization:
Civilization is defined as a system which helps to keep alive the culture.
The basic characteristics of Islamic Civilization are given below.
  The main thing in Islamic civilization is that it is made up of the faith in
Islam. It has its principles, rules regulations and values. It has the firm
belief that Allah is one.
 As human body has soul as it is the civilization also has a soul. It
drives the behavior and give conditions to groups of the Society or
the individuals in the society. These are the things which makes the
Islamic Civilization.
Answer 2

Sahih Hadith :

Sahih (sound), those with a reliable and uninterrupted chain of transmission

and a matn (text) that does not contradict orthodox belief. A sahih hadith is
a hadith that has a connected chain of transmission, each narrator being
upright in character, exacting, and reliable in his narration and
transmission.
Conditions :
There are five conditions to be met for a particular hadith to be considered
ṣaḥīḥ :

1. Each narrator in the chain of narration must be trustworthy.

2. Narrator must be reliable in his ability to preserve that narration, be it

in his ability to memorize to the extent that he can recall it as he
heard it, or, that he has written it as he heard it and has preserved
that written document unchanged.

3. Isnād must be connected (muttasil) insofar as it is at least possible

for each narrator in the chain to have received the hadith from a
predecessor.
 4. Hadith, including its isnād, is free of ʻillah (hidden detrimental flaw or
flaws, e.g. the establishment that two narrators, although
contemporaries, could not have shared the hadith, thereby breaking
the isnād.

5. Hadith is free of irregularity, meaning that it does not contradict

another hadith already established (accepted).

Hasan Hadith :
Hasan (good), those with an incomplete sanad or with transmitters of
questionable authority. A hassan hadith is a hadith which has a connected
chain of transmission, by narrators who are upright and exacting, but who’s
exactness is less than the exactness found in a sahih hadith, and which is
free from irregularities or serious flaws.

Conditions :

Hasan Hadithmeets the conditions of Saheeh hadeeth in terms of :

1. It’s chain of narration (isnaad) leads back to the Prophet (salallaahu

`alaihi wassallam). The chain of narration is connected all the way
back to the Prophet (salallaahu `alaihi wassallam).

2. Narrators are trustworthy.

3. It is free from contradicting any narrations stronger than it.

 4. It is free from subtle or hidden defects.
What remains therefore is the condition of precision and this is the
distinguishing feature of this category. So the narrator in a hadeeth hassan
is lesser in terms of precision than a narrator in a hadeeth saheeh. And this
hadeeth is known by various terms applied to its narrators, such as:

1. Sudooq (truthful)
2. Laa b’as bihi (no problem with him)
3. Laysa bihi ba’s (with him there is no problem)
4. Thiqatun yukhti (reliable but makes mistakes)
5. Sudooq lahu awhaam (truthful but has errors)

Answer 3

Islamic economics is the knowledge and rules of the Islamic law that
prevent injustice in the disposal of material resources in the order to
provide satisfaction to the mankind also enable them to perform their duty
to Allah and also the society.

Let us have a few basic principles of Islamic economics that have been
derived from the Quran and other Sunnah books.

Human and his position: Man is the Khalifa of Allah and is oblige to follow
the guideline sent down by Allah in life for success in the life here and
hereafter’s one.

Wealth & the resources: Allah has created adequate resources. But these
resources are not distributed equally around us with the wisdom to create a
relationship among the Muslims. Every human being has rights to gain
these resources through righteous ways.
Economical trust: The inequality enables people to earn more than the
others. So, to maintain balance in society there is a need that a part of the
surplus earned by a man should give to one who is not able to earn or do
something.

Trading: Islam openly permit and encourage the trade. But it provides a
few conditions to protect the interest parties who involved in the trade also
in the interest of the society too. One cannot trade in commodities which
are prohibited and clearly mentioned in the Quran and it also not in the
collective interest of the society.

Nature of Money: Contrary to the this system Islam see money as only a
Medium of Exchange and just measure of value. It surely does not consider
it to be a commodity.

Debt: Islam totally discourages involvement in debt. It only permits it only

when borrowing money becomes a necessity.

Answer 4
Schools of Islamic Law:

Within the two main sects of Islam i.e. Sunni and Shi’a, there are multiple
schools of law.

Sunni schools of law:

• The Hanbali school of law

• The Hanfi school of law
 • The Shafi’i school of law

• The Maliki school of law

Hanbali school of law:

The Hanbali school of law is named after Ahmad Bin Hanbal. It originated
from Baghdad but in these times, most of its followers are found in Saudi
Arabia and UAE.

Hanfi school of law:

It’s the oldest school of islamic law. It originated from Kufa (Iraq), but grew
more effectively in Mughal and Ottoman empires. It can now be found in
Countries such as Turkey, Pakistan, India and also in Europe and America.

Shafi’i school of law:

This school of law is named after Muhammad Ibn-e- Idris Al Shafi’i. This
school is followed widely by people of Egypt, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore
and Thailand, Sri Lanka and Maldives.

Maliki School of Law:

This school is named after Imam Anas Bin Malik. He was a great preacher
of freedom of choice. This school has great following in Egypt and small
number of followers in Middle Eastern countries.

Shi’a Schools of Law:

• The Zaydi school of law

• The Ja’fri school of law

The Zaydi school:

This school is named after Zayd Ibn Ali.

The Ja’fri school:

This school is named after Ja’fer Al Sadiq.