SHRI LAXMANRAO MANKAR COLLEGE OF

POLYTECHNIC, RISAMA (AMGAON)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES”

GUIDED BY

MR.SATIS RANE

H.O.D.

MR. SATIS RANE

SUBMITTED BY

MR. MANISH KATRE MR. NIKHIL YAWALKAR

MR. SANGAM GANVIR MR. AKASH DESHMUKH

MR. SUSHILKUMAR SHAHARE MR. SHUBHAM TIWARI

SESSION 2020-21

1|Page
 CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the diploma in
engineering Major Project Report entitled “ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION
TECNIQUES”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Diploma
In Civil Engineering and submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Shri
Laxmanrao Mankar College of polytechnic, Amgaon is an authentic record of my own
work carried out during 2020-2021 under the supervision of Mr. Satis Rane

The matter presented in this Project Report has not been submitted by me for
the award of any other degree elsewhere.

Submitted By

MR. MANISH KATRE MR. NIKHIL YAWALKAR

MR. SANGAM GANVIR MR. AKASH DESHMUKH

MR. SUSHILKUMAR SHAHARE MR. SHUBHAM TIWARI

This is to certify that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best
of my knowledge.

Date: / /20

Project Guide H.O.D.

Mr. Satis Rane Mr. Satis Rane

PrincipaL
PORF.S.C.HANUWATE

2|Page
 A CKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude to Mr. Satis Rane , Head of Department of Civil
Engineering of Shri Laxmanrao Mankar College of Polytechnic, Amgaon (M.S). India, for
his stimulating guidance, continuous encouragement and supervision throughout the
course of present work.
We also wish to extend our thanks to other colleagues for attending our seminars
and for their insightful comments and constructive suggestions to improve the quality of
this project work.
We are extremely thankful to Prof. S. C. Hanuwate, Principal, Shri Laxmanrao
Mankar College of Polytechnic and Amgaon for providing me infrastructural facilities to
work in, without which this work would not have been possible.

PROJECTEES …….

MR. MANISH KATRE

MR. NIKHIL YAWALKAR
MR. SANGAM GANVIR
MR. AKASH DESHMUKH

MR. SUSHILKUMAR SHAHARE

MR. SHUBHAM TIWARI

3|Page
 D ECLARATION

We undersigned hereby declared that the project entitled “Advance Construction

Techniques” submitted by us originally genuine work.

The system presented here is developed by us independently and has not been
duplicated from any sources.

We understand that any such copying is liable to be punished in any way the board
authorities deep fit.

Thanking You

STUDENT NAME SIGNATURE

MR. MANISH KATRE ………………………

MR. NIKHIL YAWALKAR ………………………

MR. SANGAM GANVIR ………………………

MR. AKASH DESHMUKH ………………………

MR. SUSHILKUMAR SHAHARE ………………………

MR. SHUBHAM TIWARI ………………………

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

4|Page
 E XAMINARS CERTIFICATE

THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE STUDENT OF FINAL YEAR CIVIL

ENGINEERING OF SHRI LAXMANRAO MANKAR COLLEGE OF
POLYTECHNIC, AMGAON HAVE SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED THE
PROJECT TITLED AS....

“ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES”

Submitted By

MR. MANISH KATRE MR. NIKHIL YAWALKAR

MR. SANGAM GANVIR MR. AKASH DESHMUKH

MR. SUSHILKUMAR SHAHARE MR. SHUBHAM TIWARI

AS PRESCRIBED BY MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION MUMBAI (MSBTE) AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD
OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DURING IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021.

DATE: - GUIDED BY
PLACE:-AMGAON MR. SATIS RANE

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

DATE: - DATE:

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

5|Page
 F ORWARDING LETTER

Forwarded herewith is the project entitled "Advance Construction

Techniques” submitted by MR. MANISH KATRE, MR. NIKHIL YAWALKAR, MR.
SANGAM GANVIR, MR. AKASH DESHMUKH, MR. SUSHILKUMAR SHAHARE, and
MR. SHUBHAM TIWARI was bonafied student in this institution .The project
work is in the partial fulfillment of the requirement towards the award of the
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CE) to the Maharashtra State Board of
Technical Education, Mumbai. It has been carried out under the guidance
and supervision of Mr. Satis Rane Department of Civil Engineering, Shri
Laxmanrao Mankar College of Polytechnic, Amgaon.

Project Guide H.O.D.

Mr. Satis Rane Mr. Satis Rane

PRINCIPAL
Prof. S.C.HANUWATE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

6|Page
 INDEX
CHAPTER PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 9

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 13

3. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 15

4. TREMIX CONCRETING METHOD 23

5. READY MIX CONCRETE 27

6. UNDER WATER CONCRETING 33

7. SOIL REINFORCING TECHNIQUES 35

8. SPECIAL CONCRETE 40

9. ADVANTAGE 47

10. CONCLUSION 49

11. REFERENCE 51

7|Page
CHAPTER NO. 1
INTRODUCTION

8|Page
INTRODUCTION
It is considered that age ago human being live in caves or under trees.
Then they would have arranged or removed pebbles to make their entry to the
caves easier or would have cut tree branches to make roofs for shelter from the
rain. As they walked on the ground, it became beaten path. They dug the ground
with stone tools to make traps for animals. As they learned to grow plants, they
would have dug the ground to make water channels and made small bridges by
placing logs over the channels.

These actions contain the basics of constructions techniques, namely,

digging the ground or rock, compacting the ground to make a foundation,
transporting materials, processing and assembly various material to make
buildings or structures.

Searching for better living, mankind has refined construction techniques

to make it possible. In other words, construction is a history of mankind's
making many mistakes and overcoming past failure in the process of
conquering the harsh nature.

Thus, the desire for better living was one of the major motivations for
humans to develop advance construction techniques. Development of
construction techniques itself was one of the building blocks of civilization.

Design of manmade structure is more complex than even before and they
are getting no simpler. Requirements are increasing human tendency to
compare the previous project with the future one is just one of the reasons
other season for pushing the construction engineering off limit, include
increasing population, use of newly developed materials together with

9|Page
software developments. Which allow us to design these complex structures.
The engineering techniques required for the implementation of design are
highly specific in nature and vary from design to design. Look alone at simple
construction of pavement designs. Here, the performance of the pavement is
largely dependent on the sub grade and base layer durability and stability of
the pavement are decided by the ability of the sub base layers to provide
strength and modulus in the moist and underground conditions.

Since the top most layers is usually the one facing the largest stress and
hence coated premium materials the foundation must be uniform and stiff to
support them. Engineering construction have grown to become highly
sophisticate organized in nature. One of the prominent reasons is the concern
for the safety of human life. In the simple case of pavement engineering itself,
there are various ways to measure the quality of construction. One of them is
ride quality parameter which measures the ride quality on the pavement non-
destructive testing techniques include ground penetrating radar and falling
weight Deflectometer.

The Advanced Construction Techniques was incorporated in 1992 to

provide specialized contracting services for the Civil and Geotechnical
Engineering industry. In these topic Advance Construction Techniques, We
Have To Introduce the Advance Method of Construction and Various
Techniques in the construction field. With the help of these techniques we are
construct the advance structures in fields and we introduce the modern method
of construction. They aim to improve business efficiency, quality, customer
satisfaction, environment performance, sustainability and the predictability of
delivery time skates modern method of construction and therefore, more

10 | P a g e
broadly based then a particular focus on product to seek important in the
delivery and performance of construction.

11 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO. 2
LITERATURE
REVIEW

12 | P a g e
LITERATURE REVIEW
Gann D. etal. (1993) founded international proof on growing technologies
of construction facing the background of forthcoming trends in UK dwelling
construction and recommended that insufficiency of conventional skills,
together with demand to comply with compelling environmental
administration, may well give rise to forthcoming housing programs lay
money on expanded use of modern technologies. He had also stated that
industrialized housing techniques of construction had been used conveniently
in a few countries.

Morales G. et al. (1999) studied both countries Japan and US primary house
construction techniques, social involvement, robotics and automation
technology in construction, economic feasibility, development and research.
He had also founded that automation and robotics has advances
productivity, quality of work, safety, site work surroundings, environment
circumstances and minimize construction time, work force and construction
project costs. Construction quality and construction Productivity in individual
exercise robots have successfully been accomplished when a unique work is
consecutive.

Abulfahem M. F. et al.(2012) studied and analyzed types of prefabricated

technique of construction and the tie-up between the client and the factory
and keep in mind a group of common regulations for design which should be
used as standards in housing mass production construction industry
according to certain data and information accomplished in his research paper
and with the respect of architectural and housing standards in construction
industry.

13 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO. 3
PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE

14 | P a g e
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
Introduction to pre-stressed concrete

The idea of pre-stressed concrete is not new and it has been used in
various ways since ancient times. To explain the idea of pre-stressed concrete
some of the very well-known examples are given herewith.

Example: Consider a wooden barrel construction by forcefully fit metal

bands around it now if this barrel is filled with some liquid which produced
internal pressure on the internal surface of barrel including the hoop tension in
wood. However, the forcefully tightened band which are initially producing the
compression in the barrel material will be able to resist the hoop tension
produced by liquid inside the barrel.

Meaning of Pre-stressed concrete

Pre-stressed concrete is that concrete in which the compressive stresses

are induced in the concrete section before the member is loaded by external
loads. The magnitude and distributions of compressive stress are decided in
such a way that the tensile stresses produce in the section due to external
loading are cancelled or reduced to the permissible value, the cracks are
eliminated

Grades of Pre-stressed Concrete

High grade concrete is used in pre-stressed concrete because

1. Large pre-stressing forces are applied to the members by reinforcement i.e.

tensile cables due to which high stresses are developed at the ends by
anchoring devices.

15 | P a g e
2. Bursting stresses that may cause at the end of beam can be resisted only by
high strength concrete.

3. High bending stresses are provided only due to high strength concrete.

4 Shrinkage cracks will be very little when high strength concrete is used.

Grade Characteristics Strength at 28 days in N/mm2

M30 30
M35 35
M40 40
M45 45
M50 50
M55 55
M60 60

Pre-stressing Steel

High tensile steel wires (cables) used in pre-stressed concrete are called
as tendons.

Steel used for pre-stressing the concrete should have one of the following
properties:

1. Hard drawn, high tensile steel wires of diameter 1.5 mm to 8 mm and having
tensile properties as per table below. These wires may be used as single wire
or in form of label.

2. High tensile alloy steel bars of 9.5 mm to 32 mm diameter.

16 | P a g e
Methods of pre-tensioning and post tensioning

Pre-tensioning:

For pre-stressing by this method, the reinforcements or tendons are

placed on the casting bed in the design position.

The required tension is applied in them and are anchored with the anchor
post provided at each in of the casting bed.

This method is commonly adopted for pre-stressing simply supported

slabs, beams, fence post etc.

17 | P a g e
Post tensioning:
In pre-stressing by this method, the pre-stressing force is applied to the
tendons after the concrete has completely set and has attained the desired
strength.

The tendons are not bonded to concrete before tensioning. The tendons
are stretched through ducts or holes left for them in the precast concrete
member.

The stretching of the cables or tendons is done with the help of jacks
acting against the end of the precast member.

18 | P a g e
Equipment’s used in pre-stressing
1. Tensioning apparatus.

2. Temporary gripping device.

3. Releasing device.

4. Anchorage.

1. Tensioning apparatus:

Pre-stressing steel may be tensioned by means of levers, screw jacks,

hydraulic jacks or similar mechanical apparatus. The type of tensioning
apparatus shall be such that a controlled force can be applied.

2. Temporary gripping devices:

Wedges, yokes, double cones are the gripping devices. The pre-stressing
wires may be gripped signally or in groups. Gripping device shall be such that
in a tensile test, the wire/wires fixed by then should break before failure of grip
3. Releasing device:

It should be such that during the period between the tensioning and
release, the tension in the pre-stressing elements is fully maintained by positive
means, as external anchorage.

4. Anchorage:

The anchorage may consist of any device, which will provide following
clauses:

a. It should be strong enough to resist a breaking strength of tendons.

19 | P a g e
 b. Holding capacity should be more

c. it should be safe against dynamic, static and impact loads.

Various equipment’s and accessories for pre-stressing

1. Pre-stressing of pre-tensioning:

a. Main equipment’s for pre-stressing of Pre-tensioning work are

hydraulic jack, two steel beam section act as abutment on either side of casting
work of Pre-stressing and steel channel bearer.

b. Various accessories require for pre-stressing work are as follows:

1. Steel tendons

2. Anchorage

3. Steel anchor plate

4. Support piers

5. Dividing plates or spacers

6. Nut-bolts

Pre-stressing of post tensioning:

a. Main equipment’s for pre-stressing of post tensioning work are

hydraulic jack, grouting gun, steel I-section etc.
b. Various accessories required for pre-stressing work in post
tensioning are as follows:
1. Tendon of cable bar or strand
2. Anchor
3. Bearing plate
20 | P a g e
 4. Helical reinforcement
5. Nut-bolts.

Advantages of pre-stressed concrete

1. This provides type of construction which is always free from cracks under
full working load. Due to this reason, such type of construction is suitable where
corrosion is a grade danger.

2. Less steel is used in the members, it is easier to placed good quality of

concrete with high compressive strength than in the case of reinforced
concrete.

3. The amount of steel required is very low

4. Deflection of structures are reduced.

5. The time of construction is much less precast pre-stressed members are used.
It requires high tensile steel and high strength concrete of grades more than Mo
and

Disadvantage of pre-stressed concrete

1. It requires high tensile steel and high strength concrete of grades more than
M30 and above. Hence it will become more expensive for small jobs.

2. Pre-stressing is a tedious job. It requires expertise supervision.

3. It does not increase ultimate strength of concrete.

21 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO. 4
TREMIX
CONCRETING
METHOD

22 | P a g e
TRIMIX CONCRETING METHOD
Definition of Tremix Concreting:

Method of removal of surplus water from the concrete to maintain

optimum water cement ratio by system so as to increase impact or toughness
and abrasion value of wearing course of concrete. Basically by this method,
excess water from all concrete is removed by vacuum dewatering technique.

Equipment's used in Tremix Concreting

1. Vacuum pump

23 | P a g e
2. Top Cover

3. Power Trowel

Uses of vacuum dewatering concreting/tremix Flooring:

1. As tremix concrete is strong and durable it is used in industrial flooring.

2. Used in parking decks.

3. Used in bridges.

4. Places, where the surface is in contact with impact loading.

5. Tremix concrete can be produced with acceptable cost.

Tremix Floor as an Example of Tremix concrete

1) For making tremix floor, the tremix vacuum system is used.

2) The tremix vacuum system is a method for laying high-quality concrete

floors at an acceptable cost.

24 | P a g e
3) The key of the method is dewatering concrete by the vacuum process.

4) These improvements are particularly noticeable on the top surface i.e. the
most vital part of a floor.

Tremix vacuum system has following salient features

1. Reduction of the water content in concrete by 20-25%.

2. Increased compression and wear resistance.

3. Reduced risk of shrinkage in concrete.

4. finishing possible immediately after vacuum dewatering.

5. In making tremix floor, the tremix vacuum pump is used.

6. The tremix vacuum pump P 4001 is a small, powerful pump that makes it
possible to work with two suction mats of 6 x 7 m 42 m2 simultaneously.

7. The pump is self-discharging and can be run continuously. It is provided with

an electric motor or a petrol engine.

8. Standard voltage 400V.

Uses of tremix floor

1. Tremix products are successfully used in the construction industry and in

civil engineering project.

2. Tremix system is used for the production of strong and durable concrete for
industrial floors, parking decks, bridges etc.

25 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO. 5
READY MIX
CONCRETE

26 | P a g e
READY MIX CONCRETE (RMC)
Definition of RMC:

Concrete, which is mixed at a central batching plant and transported at

the site by a suitable means like belt conveyor, transit mixture is called as Ready
mix concrete.

The concrete is produced of any amount and exactly as per mixed design
Very large initial setting time.

Necessity/Use of RMC

Conventional concreting method consumes time in construction of large

projects. So it needs a special type of concrete which is ready to use at site which
will save time and give proper strength. Ready mix concrete proves the best
one in such situations. For your information, developed countries like America
uses two-third of concrete as ready mix concrete, for construction work.

Methods of RMC

There are three modes of ready mix concrete

1. Plant mixed concrete.

2. Transit mixed concrete.

3. Shrink mixed concrete.

Equipment's used in RMC

Following are the Equipment's used in RMC,

1. Concrete mixing plants (various mixers, batchers).

27 | P a g e
2. Transportation equipment.

 Mortar pan.
 Crane, bucket and ropeway.
 Belt conveyors
 Pump and pipeline.
 Wheel barrow, handcart.
 Chute.
 Transit mixer.
 Helicopter.

1. Plant mixed concrete:

In plant mixed concrete, concrete is mixed in central batching plant. Then

it is transported to the site in agitator trucks, drum of which revolves
continuously around its central axis about speed of 2 to 6 revolutions per
minutes depending on the requirement of revolution.

28 | P a g e
2. Transit Mixer:

1) Transit mixer is very effective and popular equipment used for

transportation of concrete over long distance vitally used in RMC plants.
Transit mixer is simply a truck mounted mixer having capacity 4 to 7 m'.

2) Functionally there are two types of transit mixers. In one type, mixed
concrete is transported to the site by keeping it agitated all along at a speed of
2 to 6 revolutions per minute.

3) In other type concrete is batched at plant and mixing is done in truck mixer
during travel or at destination.

The safe time of transportation of RMC is lower value of

 90 minutes.
 Time taken for 300 revolutions of drum.

29 | P a g e
3. Shrink mixed concrete:

1. A water tank is also is also placed on such trucks for preparation of concrete

2. Speed of rotation of concrete is about 2 to 6 revolution per minute.

3. Shrink mixed concrete is combination of plant mixed type a transit mix type,
in which concrete is mixed partly and partly during transit.

Advantages of RMC:

1. As it is prepared in centralized batching plants, any amount of concrete can

be produced.

2. Less consumption of cement in concrete.

3. Wastage of material is an avoided which is unavoidable by conventional

concreting methods

4. Time saving concreting method, as it is ready to use.

5. RMC is must in congested city areas.

30 | P a g e
6. Economical in cost.

7. Easy to operate.

31 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO. 6
UNDER WATER
CONCRETING

32 | P a g e
UNDER WATER CONCRETING
Introduction:

1) Sometimes, some structures which are in water, they needs, special type of
concreting method in such situations, concrete needs to be placed under water.
2) In these situations, bottom dump buckets or tremie pipers are used. In
bottom dump buckets, concrete is taken through buckets to desired position
and then buckets are opened mechanically, but this method will not give
satisfactory results as the washing away of cement from concrete takes place.
Sometimes, dry mixture of cement, fine aggregates and course aggregates are
transported through water at desired position but this also will not give
satisfactory results.

Tremy Method:

1) This is an effective method of placing concrete under water. Basically

"Tremie" is French word, and it means hopper.

33 | P a g e
2) In this method, a tremie pipe is used to transport the concrete diameter of
this pipe is 20 cm and is easy to adjust its length. A funnel is fitted to top end for
easy pouring of concrete. The bottom end closed with plug and taken below
water and made to rest at a point where concrete is to be placed. Concrete
having slump about 15 to 20 cm is poured into funnel, when whole length of
pipe is filled with concrete tremie pipe is lifted up using power hoist.

Properties of Underwater concrete:

1. No compaction requires, as hydrostatic pressure of water does the same.

2. Consistency of concrete is maintained such that it gets self-compacted.

3. A high water/cement ratio is required for high consistency.

4. Because of high w/c ratio, strength of concrete gets reduced.

5. Quantity of course aggregate should be 1.5 to 2 times that of fine aggregates.

34 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO. 7
SOIL
REINFORCING
TECHNIQUES

35 | P a g e
SOIL REINFORCING TECHNIQUES
Necessity of Soil reinforcing:

1. When the soil loaded by the structure, then soil is not able to transfer all the
forces arising in a structure, since the soil have relatively low tensile strength.
2. The geo-synthetics products used as a reinforcing element soil reinforcing
techniques, hence term used for such soil reinforced soil.

3. To ensure the satisfactory performance of the reinforcement a low

elongation under strew and proper design with respect the type of soil which
to be reinforced is necessary.

4. A. Geo grids are more suitable for none cohesive soil like sand fine aggregates
and grainy soil containing gravels.

36 | P a g e
Use of Wire Mesh/Geo-net Materials:

1. Wire mesh or geo-net is used as a drapery system to prevent rocks or debris

from falling down onto roads and railways especially in hilly areas and help to
stop the any possible accident.

2. The mesh consists of galfan coated twisted steel woven. The steel wire used
in manufacture of the mesh is heavily galvanized with Galfan.

3. Due to the characteristics of the double twist, the steel wire mesh can
withstand the force of falling rocks and without unravelling in the event of wire
breakage.

Fig. Geo Net Material

37 | P a g e
Use of Geo-synthetic Materials:

1. Improvement the mechanical properties of soils.

2. Otherwise unsuitable types of soil can be used.

3. Expensive structural designs are avoided.

4. Undesirable mixing of soils and demands for earth moving are minimized.

5. Extension of the existing road or railway embankments to increase their

capacities can be easily achieved.

6. Minimum land take required.

7. Natural noise reduction barriers/walls are easily constructed.

8. Construction time is shorted (earthworks also in winter).

9. Embankment safety and stability is increased.

10. Natural appearance of landscape is maintained.

38 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO. 7
SPECIAL
CONCRETING

39 | P a g e
SPECIAL CONCRETE

Roller Compacted Concrete:

1. It is advanced type of concrete which is vitally used is dam construction. It is

Jean and almost dry concrete which is compacted with use of vibratory roller.
RCC is placed in this layer to permit complete compaction. Thickness of layer
ranges from 20 to 30 cm. It is a mix of cement, aggregates and water, also fly
ash is added in it. A compressive strength of 7 MPs to 30 MPs is obtained by
RCC. RMC should be wet enough to permit cement paste to distribute uniformly,
and dry enough to support mass of roller without losing the properties.

2. In India RMC is used as a base course in road construction. RMC is also known
as dry lean concrete.

3. Recent and innovative development in the construction field is a 'Roller

Compacted Concrete'. It is such concrete in which it is a lean no slump and
almost dry concrete which is compacted with the help of vibratory roller.

40 | P a g e
Properties of Roller compacted concrete:

Following are some important properties of roller compacted concrete

1. Due to roller compaction, it has high compressive strength.

2. High plasticity bedding mix is used at the start of the placement.

3. To ensure adequate bonding between the old and new layer or at cold joint,
segregation is prevented and hence very less shrinkage.

4. It is more durable.

5. It has high shear strength.

6. It has high resistance to abrasion.

7. It has quick initial setting time since less water is required.

8. Due to roller compaction, no patch of honey combing occurs on the surface

and the sides.

9. It gives effective consolidation.

Procedure of Roller Compacted Concrete:

1. Roller compacted concrete is placed in thin layers so as to allow complete

compaction.

2. The thickness of layer ranges from 200 mm to 300 mm.

3. A bedding mix of high density is used at the start of the placement.

4. Segregation can be prevented by ensuring adequate bonding between a new

and old layer or at cold joint.

41 | P a g e
High Impact Resisting Concrete

Properties of High Impact Resisting concrete:

Following are the various properties of HIRC (high impact resisting concrete) :
1. High impact resisting concrete is more tough.

2. It has great resistance to abrasion.

3. It has great resistance to the continuous deformation. Hence it has more

creep.

4. It is hard. Hence it has great resistance to wear and tear, indentation or

penetration and scratching.

Use of High Impact Resisting Concrete:

1. This type of concrete is moreover used in constructing the industrial floor.

2. It is also used in constructing the railway platform where the activities of

goods, luggage’s etc. are taken place.

3. It is also used in constructing the air-port runways.

4. It is also used in constructing the dock yard.

Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC):

Definition:

"A composite material consisting of mixtures of cement mortar or concrete and

discontinuous, discrete, uniformly spread steel fibres".

42 | P a g e
1. Plain concrete acquires very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little
resistance to cracking. To strengthen these properties a special type of concrete
i.e. steel fibre reinforced concrete is very useful

2. Plain cement concrete (PCC) has a very low tensile strength, less resistance
to cracking and to load. Hence it is very essential to impart improvement in
tensile properties of concrete members by introducing the conventional
reinforced steel bars.

Properties of SFRC:

Following are the various properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC):
1. it has high flexural strength.

2. It has high resistance to impact

3. It possesses the high fatigue strength.

4. It is more durable.

5. It avoids corrosion rust strains.

6. It increases static as well as dynamic tensile strength

Constituents of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete (SFRC):

Following are the various constituents of SFRC

1. Steel fibres having low content of carbon(C)

2. Glue to adhere the steel fibres.

3. Fine aggregates.

4. Coarse aggregates

43 | P a g e
5. Cement.

6. Water

Uses of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete:

Following are the uses of SFRC

1. Steel fibre-reinforced normal concrete is mostly used for on ground floors

and pavements but can be considered for a wide range of construction parts
like beams, pillars, foundation etc. either alone or with hand-tied or glued
rebar's

2. Steel fibres reinforced concrete is less expensive.

3. SFRC is used in following construction works like:

(a) Tunnel lining

(b) Parking (c) Highways pavements.

(d) Highway Runway

(e) Shotcrete.

(f) Precast concrete.

(g) Anti-seismic buildings.

(h) Bridge decks.

(i) Airfield pavements.

(j) Overlays of roads

(k) Canal lining

44 | P a g e
 (l) Industrial flooring

(m) Explosive resistant structures

(n) Refractory linings.

Percentage of Steel fibres in SFRC:

It is important that the fibres should be dispersed uniformly throughout

the mix, which can be done by the addition of fibres before the water is added.

Steel fiber content in SFRC is 0.5 to 2.5% by volume of mix steel fiber
content (according to weight per volume) is 1 % 780 N/m.

Mixing: 1. The mixing of fibre reinforced concrete do require the careful

conditions so as to prevent the balling of fibres, segregation and in general
difficulty of mixing the materials uniformly.-

2. Increase in percentage of volume, aspect ratio size and quantity of coarse

aggregates makes the mixing more difficult and also increase the balling
tendencies.

3. The typical proportions for fibre reinforced concrete is as follows:

Cement content-3250 to 5500 N/m

Water cement ratio 04 to 0.6.

Percentage of sand to total aggregate 50 to 100%.

Maximum size of aggregate 10 mm.

Air content 6 - 9%

Steel fibre content 0.5 to 25% by volume of mix

45 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO. 8
ADVANTAGES

46 | P a g e
ADVANTAGES OF ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES
Cost: Construction is simple and only takes only a few hours. Labour costs are
saved as it does not require specialized skills.

Energy saving: As there are no breaks in the panel, energy is conserved. This
method of construction also keeps the air quality fresh

Design: Modular panels can be manufactured to exact specifications using

Computer Aided Design, minimizing labour costs and material wastage.

Safety: Lockable and secure, the housing unit is safe in high crime localities.
The structure is safe against fire hazards and has been tested to prove it.

Installation: Quick and easy, does not need a high level of skill as the panels
can be assembled on site with the participation of the community, giving them
a sense of involvement.

47 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO. 9
CONCLUSION

48 | P a g e
CONCLUSION
 The introduction and prompt use of innovation technologies that

improve quality raise productivity, promote efficiency and reduced the

cost is very large construction.

 The advance construction technology system (ACTS) represents a

considerable effect to speed of process of technology transfer in

construction industry.

 By the use of ACTE we are construct the biggest structures are easily.

 By advance construction overall we can achieve the better strength

 By the use of this technique increase the durability of structure.

 We are apply this techniques for any nature (zone) of ground method.

 In this technique use for easily under water construction by special

method e.g. tremie method.

49 | P a g e
CHAPTER NO.
10
REFERENCE

50 | P a g e
REFERENCE
 https://www.google.com/search?q=advanced+construction+technique

s&oq=AVANCED+CONSTRUCTON+TE&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0i13l9.923

7j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

 http://www.advancedconstructiontechniques.com/main.asp

 https://www.slideshare.net/selvaganesh43/advanced-construction-

equipments-and-techniques

 https://www.slideshare.net/DivyarajsinhChudasam/experimental-

investigation-on-concrete-using-industrial-waste-amp-advance-

construction-material-final

51 | P a g e