Technical Report on New Applications Using Hat-type Sheet Piles

“Hat-type and H-shape Combined Steel Sheet Piles”

Oct. 2012

Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation

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Table of Contents

1. Outline of Hat-type and H-shaped Combined Steel Sheet Piles…………………………… 1

1.1 Shape, Components, and Sizes…………………………………………………………………1
1.2 Features of Hat-type and H-shaped Combined Steel Sheet Piles……………………………... 2
1.3 Application Examples…………………………………………………………………………..4
2. Components of Combined Sheet Piles………………………………………………………..6
2.1 Hat-type Sheet Piles….……………………………………………………………..................6
2.2 H-shaped………………………………………………………………………………………..7
2.3 Electrodes……………………………………………………………………………………...10
3. Section Properties of Hat-type and H-shaped Combined Steel Sheet Piles………………..11
3.1 Types of Walls (Single Type, Alternate Type)………………………………………………....11
3.2 Example of Section Properties………………………………………………………………...12
3.3 Calculation Method of Section Properties for Combined Sheet Piles………………………...16
3.4 Design Method of Welding Ratio for Combined Sheet Piles…………………………………18
(Ref. 1: Results of Flexural Tests on Combined Sheet Piles)……………………………………..20
(Ref. 2: Numerical Analysis on Combined Sheet Piles with Designed Welding Ratio)…………..21
4. Weld Fabrication………………………………………………………………………………23
4.1 Example of Fabrication Flow…………………………………………………………………23
4.2 Example of Fabrication Procedure…………………………………………………………….25
4.3 Example of the Lift-up Method……………………………………………………………….33
4.4 Storing…………………………………………………………………………………………33
4.5 Allowable the Tolerance of Combined Sheet Piles after fabrication………………………….34
(Ref. 3: Weld Fabrication Tests of Hat-type and H-shaped Steel Combined Steel Sheet Piles)….35
5. Tie-rod Installation…………………………………………………………………………… 36
6. Driving Method…………………………………………………………………………………38
(Ref. 4: Field Driving Test 1 of Combined Sheet Piles/Vibratory Hammers)………………….....41
(Ref. 5: Field Driving Test 2 of Combined Sheet Piles/Long Piles with Large Sections)………...42
(Ref. 6: Field Driving Test 3 of Combined Sheet Piles/Hydraulic Impact Hammers)………........43

Notice: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained within
this publication, the use of this information is done so at the reader’s risk, and no warranty is implied

or expressed by Nippon Steel Corporation with respect to the use of the information contained herein.

The information in this publication is subject to change or modification without notice. Please contact

the Nippon Steel office for the latest information.

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1. Outline of Hat-type and H-shaped Combined Steel Sheet Piles
1.1 Shape, Components, and Sizes

Ｈ-shape

450 mm–900 mm Intermittent fillet welding

(Standard leg length: 7 mm)

Hat-type sheet pile

230 mm
or300mm
900 mm Joint

Fig. 1-1: Shape, components, and sizes of hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet piles

Photo 1-1: Hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile

Joint

Combined sheet pile

Joint

Fig. 1-2: Hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile wall
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1.2 Features of the Hat-type and H-shaped Combined Steel Sheet Piles
(1)Variety of the section modulus
With two types of hat-type sheet piles and a variety of H-shapes, the Hat-type and H-shaped combined steel
sheet pile can provide more than 200 types of combinations with section modulus ranging from 2,120–16,820 cm3
per meter of wall.

18000
16000
Section Modulus (cm3/m)

14000
12000
10000 Type 1(HY)
8000 Type 1(Conventional H)
6000 Type 2 (HY)
4000 Typer 2(Conventional H)
2000
0
100 200 300 400 500
Unit Weight (kg/m2)

Fig. 1-3: Example of the section modulus of combined sheet piles

(2) Economical section

As the function of each component of the combined sheet pile, where a hat-type sheet pile and an H-shape
are combined firmly by using intermittent one-pass fillet welding to provide composite sheet piles, the hat-type
sheet pile mainly functions to make a continuous wall, while the H-shape provides bending rigidity and bending
capacity. The combined sheet pile can thus utilize economical conventional H-shapes. Here, H-shapes occupy
about 40–70% in terms of the weight constituent ratio to total weight. In addition, the combined sheet pile does
not use any expensive connectors to fix H-shapes on hat-type sheet piles, and its fabrication is very easy.
Therefore, the combined sheet pile can provide economical sheet pile sections to users.

Fillet welding

Fig. 1-4: Fixing method of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile

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 (3) Easy fabrication on site
The combined sheet pile can be fabricated using a very easy process. As hat-type sheet piles and H-shapes
are hot-rolled steel materials, the transportation costs the same as normal hot-rolled steel materials by directly
transporting them from manufacturing mills to construction sites before combining them by welding fabrication.
Therefore, the welding fabrication is normally conducted by users at a temporary welding yard or a fabrication
shop near the construction site. Both hat-type sheet piles and H-shapes have flat portions, i.e., the web of the
hat-type sheet piles and the flange of the H-shapes. By placing an H-shape on the center of the web of a hat-type
sheet pile and attaching them together by fillet welding along the outer edges of the H-shape lower flange, the
combined sheet pile will be obtained.

Lower flange of H-shape

Web of the hat-type sheet

pile

Photo 1-2: Welding fabrication of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile
(4) Easy driving
The hat-type sheet pile has a width of 900 mm. The hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile has a
large moment inertia per pile, in comparison with conventional rolled Z-type sheet piles. Therefore, the combined
sheet pile can be easily driven on site.
300000

250000
Moment Inertia (cm4/m)

200000 Hat H Type 1(HY)

150000 Hat H Type 1 (HY)

100000 Hat H Type 2(Conventional H)

50000
Z type

0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Section Modulus (cm3/m)

Fig. 1-5: Relationship between the section modulus and moment inertia of combined sheet piles

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1.3 Application Examples
The hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile is a steel sheet pile with high section modulus and
high moment inertia. It can provide the values of a section modulus ranging from 2,180–15,110 cm3 per meter of
wall and a moment inertia ranging from 106,300–874,760 cm4 per meter of wall. Therefore, the combined sheet
pile can be used for retaining walls such as deep water-anchored sheet pile quay walls and high cantilever-type
retaining walls. According to our calculation, when corrosion control such as cathodic protection is applied and
when therefore the corrosion loss of sheet pile thickness does not have to be considered in the design, the hat-type
and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile can be applicable to up to minus 15-m deep-anchored sheet pile quay
walls constructed on good sand sea beds with an internal angle of 30 degrees.
The hat-type sheet pile has joints along the most outer surface of the wall. There is no need to take the
bending capacity loss into account as sheet pile walls, due to the joint efficiency without the lack of shear force
transmission in the joint, while U-type sections have to be taken into account due to a possible lack of shear force
transmission because the joint is located on the neutral line of the sheet pile wall.
Therefore, the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile can be applicable to deep temporary braced
cofferdams and can offer economical sections.
(1) Cantilever-type retaining wall

Fig. 1-6: Onshore cantilever-type retaining wall

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(2) Anchored quay wall

Fig. 1-7: Anchored quay wall

(3) Temporary braced cofferdam

Fig. 1-8: Temporary braced cofferdam

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2. Components of Combined Sheet Piles
2.1 Hat-type Sheet Piles
In the combined sheet pile, the hat-type sheet pile type mainly functions to make a continuous wall. In order to
make the most of H-steel’s economical sectional properties, the selection of wider sheet piles is preferable.
The hat-type sheet pile is a sheet pile with an effective width of 900 mm. There are two types: NSP-10H and
NSP-25H. Hat-type sheet piles of SYW295 grade are normally used for the combined sheet pile with H-shapes of
SM490YA, with the minimum yield point of 355 N/mm2.

2.1.1 Shape and Sizes

2.1.2 Sectional Properties

2.1.3 Chemical Composition (JIS A5523) (Unit: %)

(Note: The grade of S355GP [EN 10248 Part 1] is also available upon request.)

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2.1.5 Mechanical Properties (JIS A5523)

(Note: The grade of S355GP [EN 10248 Part 1) is also available upon request.)
2.1.6 Tolerance of Shapes and Dimensions (JIS A5523)

Sweep

2.1.7 Deviation Angle

2.1.8 Compatibility
Interlocks of NSP-10H and 25H are compatible.

2.2 H-shape
In the combined sheet pile, the H-shape mainly functions to provide bending rigidity and bending capacity.
The use of hot-rolled H-shapes is preferable, but built-up-type H-shapes can be also applicable as long as the
tolerance of the shapes and dimensions conforms to that of hot-rolled H-steel, and is recommendable when
H-shapes are required to have a relatively large size, where a variety of rolled H-shapes are limited.

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 In order to provide the combined sheet pile with higher bending moment resistance, the selection of
H-shapes with higher yield points is preferable for the combination.
Any H-shapes in any steel grade up to the minimum yield point of 430 N/mm2 can be applicable as far as
the hat-type sheet pile of the grade of S355GP can be used, with the conforming electrode being used for the
welding fabrication. In other words, since the combined sheet pile is fabricated by users at a temporary welding
yard or a fabrication shop near a construction site, users can choose and buy the most economical one among the
various types and grades of H-steel. For example, H-shapes in Chinese steel grade of Q345B (GB/T 1591) with
the minimum yield point of 345 N/mm2 (flange thickness t at less than 16 mm) can be also applicable for the
combined sheet pile.
Considering the easiness of on-site welding management, Nippon Steel recommends the combination with
H-shapes of the steel grade of SM490YA (JIS G3106) with the minimum yield point of 355 N/mm2 (flange
thickness t at more than 16 mm) and hat-type sheet piles of SYW295 grade with the minimum yield point of 295
N/mm2.

2.2.1 Chemical Composition of SM490YA (JIS G3106)

Chemical composition (%)

Grade C Si Mn P S

Thickness≦100 ㎜
SM490YA 0.55 max 1.60 max 0.035 max 0.035 max
0.20 max

2.2.2 Mechanical Properties of SM490YA (JIS G3106)

Yield point (N/㎜ 2) Tensile Elongation

Grade Thickness t (㎜) strength Thickness Type of %

6≦t＜12 12≦t≦16 16＜t≦40 (N/㎜ 2) T (㎜) test piece

SM490YA 365 min 365 min 355 min 490 to 610 5＜t≦16 1A 15 min

16＜t≦50 19 min

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2.2.3 Tolerance of Shapes and Dimensions (Nippon Steel’s NITTETSUHYPER BEAM®
and JIS G3192)

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2.3 Electrodes
When hat-type sheet piles of SYW 295 grade are used for the combined sheet pile, 490 MPa-class solid
wires, such as YGW11, as specified in JIS Z3312 at 1.2 mm in diameter, are generally used for CO2 gas-shielded
semi-automatic welding fabrication. In addition, 490 MPa-class flux-cored wires as specified in JIS Z3313 can be
also used for fabrication.

2.3.1 Chemical Composition of YGW11 (JIS Z3312)

Type of Chemical composition (%)

electrode C Si Mn P S Cu* Al Ti + Zr

0.15 0.55 to 1.40 to 0.030 0.030 0.50 0.10 0.30

YGW11
max 1.10 1.90 max max max max max

Note: When copper plating is done, the content of the copper of plating is included.

2.3.2 Mechanical Properties of YGW11 (JIS Z3312)

Tensile test Impact test

Type of Tensile Yield point Elongation Temperature Charpy

electrode strength or 0.2% of test absorbed

proof stress energy

(N/㎜ 2) (N/㎜ 2) (%) (℃) (J)

YGW11 490 min 390 min 22 min 0 47 min

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3. Section Properties of the Hat-type and H-shaped Steel Combined Steel Sheet Pile
3.1 Types of Walls
Type 1 is a basic type, where the same combined sheet pile is continuously interlocked to form a sheet pile
wall.

Fig. 3-1: Type 1 (basic type)

When the required section modulus becomes less than 4,000 cm3/m, H-shapes with a web height smaller than
700 mm will be used for the combined sheet pile. In general, the use of H-shapes with a smaller height web makes
the material cost to section modulus ratio worse for the combined sheet pile. In such cases, Type 2, where
combined sheet piles and hat-type sheet piles are alternated to form a wall, i.e., the alternated type can be the
alternative. The Type 2 style has almost half a section modulus more than the Type 1, as far as the same size of the
combined sheet pile is applied.

Fig. 3-2: Type 2 (alternated type)

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3.2 Example of Section Properties
Table 3-1 shows the representative section properties of the Hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet piles
of the Type 1, where Nippon Steel’s NITTETSUHYPER BEAM® products are used as H-shapes. In addition,
Table 3-2 shows those of Type 1 where conventional H-shapes are used.
Table 3-3 shows those of Type 2 where Nippon Steel’s NITTETSUHYPER BEAM® products are used as
H-shapes, while Table 3-4 shows those of Type 2 where conventional H-shapes are used.

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 Table 3-1: Section properties of Type 1
(Hat-type steel sheet pile and H-shaped Nippon Steel NITTETSUHYPER BEAM® products)
Section Mass per Section Moment

No. Sheet H-shape ㎡ of modulus of inertia

pile Size (㎜) wall

Ｈ Ｂ ｔ1 ｔ2 ｒ kg/㎡ ㎝ 3/m ㎝ 4/m

1-1 10H 450 200 9 12 13 173 2,560 106,000

1-2 10H 500 200 9 12 13 176 2,820 127,000

1-3 10H 550 200 9 12 13 180 3,100 150,000
1-4 10H 600 200 9 12 13 184 3,390 175,000
1-5 10H 650 200 9 12 13 188 3,700 203,000
1-6 10H 700 200 9 12 18 193 4,070 236,000
1-7 10H 650 200 9 16 13 202 4,260 228,000
1-8 10H 700 200 9 16 18 207 4,660 264,000
1-9 10H 700 200 9 19 18 217 5,100 284,000
1-10 10H 700 250 9 16 18 220 5,300 293,000
1-11 10H 700 200 9 22 18 227 5,530 302,000
1-12 10H 700 250 12 19 18 250 6,280 332,000
1-13 10H 750 250 12 19 18 256 6,780 379,000
1-14 10H 750 250 12 22 18 268 7,340 404,000
1-15 10H 750 250 12 25 18 280 7,900 429,000
1-16 10H 800 250 14 22 18 287 8,250 473,000
1-17 10H 850 250 14 22 18 293 8,850 533,000
1-18 10H 900 250 16 19 18 302 9,250 583,000
1-19 10H 900 250 16 22 18 314 9,900 617,000
1-20 10H 900 250 16 25 18 326 10,530 649,000
1-21 10H 900 250 16 28 18 338 11,150 681,000
1-22 25H 900 250 16 28 18 368 12,100 792,000
1-23 25H 900 300 16 32 18 412 14,490 916,000
1-24 25H 900 300 19 32 18 434 15,110 942,000

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 Table 3-2: Section properties of Type 1
(Hat-type steel sheet piles and conventional H-shapes)
Section Mass per Section Moment

No. Sheet H-shape ㎡ of modulus of inertia

pile Size (㎜) wall

Ｈ Ｂ ｔ1 ｔ2 ｒ Note kg/㎡ ㎝ 3/m ㎝ 4/m

2-1 10H 596 199 10 15 22 K 201 3,960 196,000

2-2 10H 596 199 10 15 24 C 202 3,990 197,000

2-3 10H 600 200 11 17 13 J 210 4,290 210,000

2-4 10H 600 200 11 17 24 C 214 4,400 214,000
2-5 10H 606 201 12 20 22 K 229 4,920 236,000
2-6 10H 606 201 12 20 24 C 229 4,950 237,000
2-7 10H 678.4 253 11.68 16.26 15.2 K 235 5,580 293,000
2-8 10H 683.8 253.7 12.45 18.92 15.2 K 251 6,200 320,000
2-9 10H 688.1 254.4 13.08 21.08 15.2 K 265 6,720 343,000
2-10 25H 588 300 12 20 13 J 289 6,740 328,000
2-11 25H 588 300 12 20 28 C，K 293 6,920 335,000
2-12 10H 693.2 255.8 14.48 23.62 15.2 K 285 7,410 373,000
2-13 25H 594 302 14 23 28 C, K 320 7,820 369,000
2-14 25H 692 300 13 20 28 C, K 310 8,200 448,000
2-15 25H 700 300 13 24 18 J 328 9,020 488,000
2-16 25H 700 300 13 24 28 C, K 331 9,170 494,000
2-17 25H 792 300 14 22 28 C, K 338 10,100 605,000
2-18 25H 800 300 14 26 18 J 356 11,000 653,000
2-19 25H 800 300 14 26 28 C, K 359 11,180 662,000
2-20 25H 890 299 15 23 18 J, K 359 11,740 767,000
2-21 25H 900 300 16 28 18 J, K 392 13,450 863,000
2-22 25H 900 300 16 28 28 C 396 13,630 872,000
2-23 25H 912 302 18 34 18 J, K 440 15,710 988,000
2-24 25H 918 303 19 37 18 J，K 463 16,820 1,050,000
Note: J, K and C are initial letters of the production country of the H-shape shown in the table,, i.e.
Japan, Korea and China.

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 Table 3-3: Section properties of Type 2
(Hat-type steel sheet piles and H-shaped steel Nippon Steel NITTETSUHYPER BEAM® products)
Single Combined Section Mass per Section Moment of

No Sheet Sheet H-shape ㎡ of modulus inertia

pile pile Size(㎜) wall

Ｈ Ｂ ｔ1 ｔ2 ｒ kg/㎡ ㎝ 3/m ㎝ 4/m

3-1 10H 10H 700 200 9 12 18 145 2,120 123,000

3-2 10H 10H 700 200 9 16 18 151 2,420 137,000

3-3 10H 10H 700 200 9 19 18 157 2,650 147,000

3-4 10H 10H 700 250 9 16 18 158 2,740 152,000

3-5 10H 10H 700 200 9 22 18 162 2,860 156,000

3-6 10H 10H 700 250 9 19 18 165 3,020 164,000

3-7 10H 10H 700 250 12 19 18 173 3,240 171,000

3-8 10H 10H 750 250 12 22 18 182 3,770 207,000

3-9 10H 10H 750 250 12 25 18 188 4,050 220,000

3-10 10H 10H 800 250 14 22 18 192 4,220 241,000

Table 3-4: Section properties of Type 2

(Hat-type steel sheet piles and conventional H-shapes)
Single Combined Section Mass per Section Moment

No Sheet Sheet H-shape ㎡ of modulus of inertia

pile pile Size(㎜) wall

Ｈ Ｂ ｔ1 ｔ2 ｒ Note kg/㎡ ㎝ 3/m ㎝ 4/m

4-1 10H 10H 600 200 11 17 24 C 155 2,310 112,000

4-2 10H 10H 606 201 12 20 24 C 163 2,580 123,000

4-3 10H 10H 678.4 253 11.68 16.26 15.2 K 165 2,890 152,000

4-4 10H 10H 683.8 253.7 12.45 18.92 15.2 K 174 3,200 165,000

4-5 10H 10H 688.1 254.4 13.08 21.08 15.2 K 180 3,460 177,000

4-6 10H 10H 693.2 255.8 14.48 23.62 15.2 K 190 3,810 192,000

4-7 25H 25H 692 300 13 20 28 C，K 218 4,330 236,000

4-8 25H 25H 700 300 13 24 18 J 227 4,740 256,000

Note: J, K and C are initial letters of the production country of the H-shape shown in the table,, i.e. Japan, Korea
and China.

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3.3 Calculation Method of Section Properties for the Combined Sheet Pile
The calculation method of section properties for the combined sheet pile is shown as follows.
3.3.1 Type 1 (Basic Type)
(1) Weight W： W  WS  WH
Baseline
W ： Weight of the hat–type and H-shaped
yS’
combined steel sheet piles
y yH’
WS：Weight of hat-type steel sheet piles yS
Neutral axis
WH：Weight of H-shapes yH

y0
(2) Section area A： A  AS  AH
A：Section area of hat-type and H-shaped
combined steel sheet piles
AS：Section area of hat-type steel sheet Fig.3-3: Sectional properties of the hat-type
piles and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile
AH：Section area of H-shapes

(3) Moment of inertia： I  I S  AS  y S  I H  AH  y H

2 2

I  I / w
I：Moment of inertia of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile per pile
IS：Moment of inertia of the hat-type steel sheet pile per pile
IH：Moment of inertia of the H-shape
yS : Distance from the neutral axis of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet
pile to the neutral axis of the hat-type steel sheet pile per pile
yH：Distance from the neutral axis of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet
pile to the neutral axis of the H-shape
I’： Moment of inertia of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile per 1 m
of pile wall width
w：Effective width of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile (900 mm)
(4) Calculation method of the neutral axis
y  Q/ A
y：Distance from the baseline to the neutral axis of the hat-type and H-shaped
combined steel sheet pile
Q：Sum of the geometrical moment of the section of hat-type steel sheet pile and
H-shape about the baseline

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 Q  QS  QH
QS：Geometrical moment of the section of hat-type steel sheet pile about the
baseline
QS  AS  y S '
yS’：Distance from the baseline to the center of gravity of the hat-type steel sheet
pile
QH：Geometrical moment of the section of the H-shape about the baseline
QH  AH  y H '
yH’：Distance from the baseline to the center of gravity of the H-shape
A：Section area of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile
A  AS  AH
(5)Section modulus
Z: Section modulus (per pile)
Z  I / y0
Z  Z / w
Z：Section modulus of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile per pile
I：Moment of inertia of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile per pile
y0：Distance from the neutral axis of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet
pile to the outside end
Z’：Section modulus of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile per 1 m of
pile wall width

3.3.2 Type 2 (Alternated Type)

(6) Moment of inertia (per 1 m of pile wall width）：
IC＝(Ｉ＋ＩＳ)/wa
IC：Moment of the inertia of the alternated type of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile
per 1 m of pile wall width
IS：Moment of inertia of the hat-type steel sheet pile per pile
wa：Effective width of the alternated type of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel
sheet pile (1,800 mm = 900 mm × 2)
(7) Section modulus (per 1 m of pile wall width）
：
ZC＝ＩC / y0
ZC：Section modulus of the alternated type of the hat-type and H-shaped combined sheet
pile per 1 m of pile wall width

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 y0：Distance from the neutral axis of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet
pile to the outside end

900 mm 900 mm

IS I

y0

Fig.3-4: Sectional properties of alternated type of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile

3.4 Design Method of the Welding Ratio for the Combined Sheet Pile
The calculation method of the welding ratio for the combined sheet pile is shown as follows.
The welding ratio is the ratio of the sum of the welding length along one side of the H-steel flange to the total
combined sheet pile length.

Welding length l

Total combined length L

：Welding Ratio    l / L ×100(%)＝T / { ( a－) a }×100(%)

l：Welding length
Σl：Sum of the welding length along one side
L：Total combined sheet pile length n l ＝L ×α/100
Ｔ：Shearing force acting on the welded part along one side of the H-shaped flange

T
S / n  Q
I
S：Shearing force acting on sheet pile wall by earth pressure and water
pressure per one pile

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 n：Numbers of welded parts per one sheet pile
（Ordinarily n=2 because of both sides of welding）
Q：Geometrical moment of the section of the hat-type steel sheet pile about the
neutral axis of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile
I：Moment of inertia of the hat-type and H-shaped combined steel sheet pile per
pile
a：Throat of welding part
（When the leg length is 7 mm, the throat can be set at 5 mm.）
：Corrosion Loss  = N×b
N：Durable years (y)
b：Corrosion rate (mm/y)
（Reference: The standard value of the corrosion rate of land-side steel material
underground below the residual water level is 0.02 mm/y, according to the Technical
Standards and Commentaries for Port and Harbor Facilities in Japan）

a ：Allowable shearing stress of welded zone

（SYW295 a=100N/mm2、SM490YA a =120N/mm2)

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 (Ref. 1: Results of the Flexural Test on Combined Sheet Piles)
(1) Test conditions
■ Test location: Japan (Chiba Prefecture)
■ Test pile: Hat-type steel sheet pile NSP-10H L=6 m
H-steel 400×200×9×11 L=4 m
■ Conditions of welding: Welding ratio=100％, leg length of fillet welding=6 ｍｍ
■ Loading conditions: Shown below
1.0 m 1.2 m 1.6 m 1.2 m

H-steel
Hat-type steel
sheet pile

1.2 m 3.6 m 1.2 m

Fig. R1-1: Outline of the flexural test

(2) Results of the test

1200 700
Experimental values
Calculated values
Bending moment（kN・m）

1000 600
Height of section（㎜）

800 Theoretical bending moment 500

600 400

400 Experimental Values 300

試験値
Experimental values
200 Calculated Values 200
計算値
Calculated values
0 実降伏モーメント 100
Actual yield moment
0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
0
-1200 -600 0 600 1200
Curvature φ（1/m）
(μ)
Fig. R1-2: Bending moment to curvature
Fig. R1-3: Distribution of stress at allowable load
0.005000 0.010000 0.015000 0.020000

Photo R1-1: Test machine used for the flexural test Photo R1-2: Tested combined sheet pile

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 (Ref. 2: Numerical Analysis on the Combined Sheet Pile with a Designed Welding Ratio)
(1) Analysis Conditions
■ Test pile: Hat-type steel sheet pile NSP-10H L=14 m
（SYW295； y=295 N/mm2）
H-steel 700×200×9×16 L=14 m（SM490YA； y＝355 N/mm2）
Estimated yield load of the combined sheet pile ｗ＝161 N/mm
■ Conditions of welding: Leg length=7 mm（Throat depth=5 mm）
Welding ratio
Case 0 100％
Case 1 40％ (Required value determined by the
proposed design method shown in 3.4 “Design Method
of the Welding Ratio for the Combined Sheet Pile “)
■ Mesh of analysis: Used element = Solid element
Numbers of elements = Approximately 22,000
Numbers of joints = Approximately 3,600
Division of mesh along axial direction = Uniformly 280 divisions
（１mesh＝50 mm）

1.0 m 12.0 m 1.0 m

14.0 m

100

16
4.5
Contact
接触条件（ condition（μ
μ =0） =0）
700
7
10.8

7
230
230
8
144.9
144.9
342.3
467.5
467.5
10.8
10.8 14.9

54

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 Fig. R2-1: Outline of the numerical analysis
(2) Analysis result
(1) When the combined sheet pile with a weld ratio of 40% is loaded on two simple supports, the deflection of the
sheet pile increased in proportion to the load up to 1.2 times as big as the yielding load calculated from the actual
material test piece data.

(2) The relationship curve of the combined sheet pile with a weld ratio of 40% between load and deflection
resulted in the same as that of the combined sheet pile with a weld ratio of 100%. (Refer to Fig. R2-2.)

(3) The above results mean that, since the weld ratio of the combined sheet pile is designed and determined, based
on our proposed design method (see 3.4 “Design Method of the Welding Ratio for the Combined Sheet Pile”), the
proposed design method is good enough to give the required weld volume to assure the bending resistance
moment for the combined sheet pile.

荷重変位関係（モーメント最大位置N966)
Load to deflection (At the location where the bending moment is maximized)
1.6

1.4

1.2

1
case-0
荷重 w/wy

Case 0
Case-1
Load 0.8 Case 1
Case-2
Case-3
0.6
(㎜)
0.4
w/wy
0.2

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
たわみ (mm)

Deflection (㎜)

Fig. R2-2: Relationship curve of load and deflection

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4. Weld Fabrication
4.1 Example of Fabrication Flow
An example of the fabrication flow of the combination sheet pile is shown in Fig. 4-1
and Fig. 4-2 .

1. Pre-inspection of steel sheet piles and H-shapes

・ Acceptance of sheet piles and H-shapes for welding to shops or
temporary fabrication yards
・Pre-inspection on length, width, swing, and camber is done, if necessary.

2. Longitudinal welds of H-shapes to elongate them to design length

・If the length of transported H-shapes is less than the design length, prior to the
welding of the combination sheet pile, H-shapes are welded in the longitudinal
direction to satisfy the design length.
・
3. Temporary welding of combined sheet piles

・Before putting H-shapes on hat-type sheet piles, the position of H-shapes should be
exactly scribed on the cleaned back-surface of sheet piles.
・H-shapes are set in the right position along the above scribed line and temporarily
fitted by tack welding.

・仮固定
4. Production welding of combined sheet piles
など
・Hat-type sheet piles and H-shapes are fixed by intermittent fillet welding.
・Hanger plates and chucking plates are also welded, if necessary

5. Inspection of welds and shapes

・Inspection of the fabricated sheet pile is done based on the check sheet.
・Inspection of the weld is usually done based on the appearance of the weld and the
leg length of the weld bead.
・Inspection of shapes is usually done based on the width, swing, and camber of the
combined sheet pile.

5. Corrections
・Correction of shapes by line heating and that of welded metal by cutting and
repairing

6. Temporary storage and shipping to the construction site

Fig. 4-1: Example of the fabrication flow of combined sheet piles

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 Acceptance Storage Inspection
yard of sheet yard of piles yard
Fabrication Storage, shipping
piles
yard yard
（some lines）
Acceptance Storage Correction
yard of H-beams yard of yard
H-beams

Fig. 4-2: Example of the fabrication flow of combined sheet piles at fabrication factories

The fabrication layout mainly depends on whether goliath cranes can be utilized or not. When the
combined sheet pile is fabricated at a fabrication shop where goliath cranes capable of transferring the combined
sheet pile can be used, the layout of the fabrication yard may be of a linear line as shown in Fig. 4-3.
On the other hand, when fabrication is conducted at temporary yards and if goliath cranes cannot be used,
clockwise or anticlockwise rotation layout plans centering on the main mobile crane may be applicable, as in Fig.
4-4.

保管ヤード 概要 組合せ鋼矢板加工ヤード（複数ライン）概要
受入ヤード概要
溶接機 溶接機
定盤
定盤

定盤
定盤

クレーン 溶接機
クレーン クレーン 溶接機

保管・出荷ヤード 概要
検査、矯正ヤード概要

溶接機

定盤

定盤

溶接機 クレーン クレーン

Fig. 4-3: Example of the fabrication layout plan at fabrication shops

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 Fig. 4-4: Example of the fabrication layout plan at temporary yards

4.2 Example of the Fabrication Procedure

The fabrication procedure of a combined sheet pile mainly depends on the conditions regarding the
acceptance of materials and the inspection of manufactured combined sheet piles, as agreed upon between the
client and the contractor.
Nippon Steel conducted a fabrication test in Japan and confirmed the shapes of fabricated combined sheet
piles that can offer good drivability. The fabrication procedure taken in the fabrication test, in which some steps
might be able to be omitted, is shown below.

(1) Acceptance of hat-type sheet pile and H-shapes

Since sheet piles and H-shapes are manufactured in mills in accordance with the product specification and
as their joint inspection is normally conducted through an on-the-spot visit, in general, there is no need to check
their shapes and dimensions when accepting them.
However, checking their shapes on width, sweep, and camber prior to fabrication may provide helpful
information to avoid the increase of weld fabrication time.
As for a combined sheet pile after fabrication, the same allowable tolerance of shapes as that of hat-type

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sheet piles is usually applied. The welding process sometimes influences the shapes of the combination sheet piles,
changing those of original hat-type sheet piles. For instance, when a sheet pile has a sweep close to the allowable
limit tolerance, the sweep of the combined sheet pile after fabrication might exceed the allowable value and
correction might have to be conducted to satisfy the shape tolerance.
Correction after weld fabrication is often time consuming, and to enhance the efficiency of the weld
production, countermeasures to reduce the correction after weld fabrication should be taken for the welding
process.
When the initial shape values of hat-type sheet piles and H-shapes are obtained, they will be helpful to judge
whether countermeasures should be taken or not.
The combination of the hat-type sheet pile and the H-shape that sweeps in reverse directions to each other is
an example of countermeasures that will bring about the cancellation of each other’s sweep in the manufacturing
process and will result in less sweep in comparison with the initial hat-type sheet pile.
In our fabrication test, we measured their shapes prior to fabrication to obtain the initial data of the shapes.
We compared the initial data with those obtained after fabrication to learn the variation of the shapes between
before and after fabrication.
According to our test, though the test was carried out at the envisaged maximum welding ratio of 80%, the
increase of the sheet pile width due to the welding work was 5 mm in average, while the changes of swing and
camber were 0.02% and 0.02% respectively, and the shapes of the fabricated combined sheet piles resulted in an
allowable tolerance as specified in Japanese Standard of Sheet Piles, JIS A5525 (See “Ref. 3: Weld Fabrication
Test of Hat-type and H-shape Combined Steel Sheet Piles”).

Photo 4-1: Measurement of the full width of hat-type sheet piles

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 Photo 4-2: Measurement of the sweep of hat-type sheet piles

Photo 4-3: Measurement of the camber of hat-type sheet piles

Hat-type sheet piles have point-symmetric interlocking joints. When the type of the joint is different from
that specified in fabrication drawings, the combined sheet piles could not be interlocked to each other on site and
the driving work may become troublesome. Thus, in order to clarify the top of the sheet pile and avoid confusion
regarding sheet pile direction at the fabrication stage, we recommend painting the top of the hat-type sheet piles
prior to fabrication so that the shapes of the combined sheet pile joints conform to the fabrication drawings.

Fig. 4-5: Shape of an NSP-10H Hat-type sheet pile

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 Photo 4-4: Painting the top of the hat-type sheet pile

H-shapes having required design length are recommended to be directly transported to and used at
fabrication yards. This will tremendously reduce the fabrication time and the cost on site.
When the length of transported H-shapes is less than the design length, prior to the welding of the
combination sheet pile, the H-shapes have to be welded in the longitudinal direction to satisfy the design length.
H-shapes function to provide bending resistance, and are, in general, welded using butt weld joints. In addition,
the sweep and the camber of welded H-shapes are also recommended to be checked regarding whether they satisfy
the allowable tolerances.

(2) Temporary welding of combined sheet piles

Hat-type sheet piles are transported to a fabrication yard where floor flatness is secured. It is
recommendable that, in order to secure fabrication efficiency, hat-type sheet piles be set on 350 x 350 or 400 x
400 mm H-shape work beams, with an interval five meters, for instance. Hat-type sheet piles should be set
convexly, allocating the web in the upside, and the painted top sections of hat-type sheet piles should be exactly
positioned.
The surface of hat-type sheet pile webs should be cleaned using wire brushes and grinders, and, in order to
specify the position where H-shapes are to be set, the guide line should be precisely scribed on the cleaned
surfaces of the hat-type sheet pile webs.
H-shapes are set in the right position along the above scribed line and temporarily fitted by tack welding.

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Photo 4-5: Cleaning the surface of hat-type sheet piles

Photo 4-6: Scribing on the web surface of a hat-type sheet pile

Photo 4-7: H-shape set exactly along the scribed line on the hat type sheet pile

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 A hat-type sheet pile and an H-shape are temporarily fixed by tack welding. The temporary fixation will be
conducted from the top portion of the combined sheet pile. When the outer edge line of the H-shape lower flange
deviates from the scribed line on the hat type sheet pile web, the sweep of the H-shape should be corrected using
fixtures and cotters.
When the gap between the outer web surface of the hat type sheet pile and the lower flange surface of the
H-shape comes out, it should also be closed by using fixtures and cotters.
After the local correction of the sweep and the gap are dealt with, then the hat-type sheet pile and the
H-shape are temporarily fixed by tack welding. For this, 40 mm long tack welding with an interval of two meters
is recommendable.
After the repetition of the local correction and local tack welding, the hat-type sheet pile and the H-shape
are temporarily fixed along the entire length.

Photo 4-8: Setting the fixture to combine the hat-type and H-steel temporarily

Photo 4-9: Putting the cotter into the fixture to adjust the piles

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 Photo 4-10: Temporary welding by tack welding
When the flange width of the H-shapes is larger than the web width of the hat-type sheet piles, firstly, the
H-steel is set on the H-shape work beams, and then the hat-type sheet pile is placed on the upper surface of the
H-shape in order to attach them.

(3) Production welding of combined sheet piles

It is recommended that production welding be performed from the top side of the pile by two welders
along the left line and the right line simultaneously.
One-way down welding is advisable to avoid not causing excessive deformation after fabrication.
Each continuous one-pass welding should be set at around three meters long, and an on-and-off welding
procedure is recommendable. For instance, if a combined sheet pile length is 18 meters long, the welding area is
divided into six parts (i.e., 18 m/3 m).
When the welding areas are designated as first to sixth from the top portion, the following production
welding steps, for instance, are taken: top welding → second area welding → fourth area welding → sixth
area welding → first area welding → third area welding → fifth area welding → bottom welding.
Gauge tape is applicable to prevent the mistake of welding location and length.
In order to secure the leg length of the fillet welding, welding should be done, based on the prescribed
conditions.
In this sense, the values of current, voltage, and welding speed should be checked and recorded.

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 Photo 4-11: Production welding
(4) Inspection of combined sheet piles
After production welding, the inspection of fabricated sheet piles is conducted, based on the check sheet.
It should be done 12 hours after the completion of the welding for cooling.
The inspection of the weld is usually done based on appearance, location, length, and the leg length of the
weld beads. In addition, an inspection of the shapes of the combined sheet piles is usually done on the width, the
swing, and the camber.

Photo 4-12: Inspection of the leg length of a fillet weld bead

In general, the appearance inspection of the weld by visual inspection or through the use of some
equipment is done to detect cracks or other defections in the weld beads. If clients require, a penetrant test will be
done. When the weld bead is found to have some defects, they should be removed by cutting and the bead should
be repaired by welding once again.
further, if each value of the shapes exceeds the allowable tolerance, correction should be made to obtain
allowable shapes. In general, the shape of the combined sheet pile is corrected by line heating or by press
straightening.

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 4.3 Example of the lift-up method
An example of the lift-up method in which a balance bar consisting of an H-beam and steel clamps are
used is shown below.

Balance bar (H-beam)

Upper flange of the H-steel
Wire rope

Combined sheet pile

Clamp

Hat-type sheet pile

Fig. 4-6: Example of the lift-up method for finished combined sheet piles

Fig. 4-7: Image of a steel clamp

4.4 Storage
A temporary storage yard must have sufficient space for storing and shipping the combined sheet piles,
along with secure ground to bear the weight of manufactured combined sheet piles. Considering safety and
efficiency through temporary storage and shipping work on site, the following temporary storage is recommended.

Approximately 50 cm

Sleeper

Fig. 4-8: Recommended storage for combined sheet piles

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4.5 Allowable Tolerance of the Shapes of Combined Sheet Piles After Fabrication
As for the allowable tolerances of shapes, the same values as hat-type sheet piles are usually applied to
the combined sheet piles. This is because the hat-type and H-steel combined steel sheet pile itself is also a type of
steel sheet pile and it has to have the shapes that provide good drivability.
There are some specifications of hot-rolled steel sheet piles in which the allowable tolerances of shapes
are stipulated. JIS A5525 and BS EN10248-2:1996, for example, are the representative standards .

Table 4-1: Example of allowable tolerances of the shapes of steel sheet piles

Item ＪＩＳ Ａ 5525

+10ｍｍ
Width -5ｍｍ
Sweep (Length is over 10 m.) Under （Ｌ -10 m）X 0.10％ + 12 mm
Camber (Length is over 10 m.) Under （Ｌ -10 m）X 0.20％ + 25 mm
Application Hat-type sheet pile

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 (Ref. 3: Weld Fabrication Test of Hat-type and H-shaped Combined Steel Sheet Piles)
In order to survey productivity of the hat-type and H-shaped steel combined steel sheet pile, a weld fabrication
test is executed.
The test pile is fabricated by combining the hat-type steel sheet pile NSP-25H and the H-steel 700×300×13×24.
The length of the sheet pile is 25 m and that of the H-steel is 23 m.
As the welding conditions, the welding ratio is 80％, and the leg length is 7 mm.
The results of measurement regarding the difference in total width, sweep, and camber after the test are shown in
Table 6.
The values of the results satisfy the tolerances of the shapes and dimensions in JIS; therefore, the good
productivity of the combined steel sheet pile is confirmed.

■ Test location: Japan (Osaka Prefecture)

■ Test body: Steel sheet pile NSP-25H L=25 m
H-steel 700×300×13×24 L=23 m（15 m + 8 m by shop welding）
■ Conditions of welding: Welding ratio=80％, leg length=7 ｍｍ
Method of welding: CO2 gas semi-automatic welding

Camber=⊿/ Length of Sheet Pile L×100（%）

Fig. R3-2: Measurement of camber
⊿
⊿
Fig. R3-1: Measurement of
the total width
Sweep =⊿/ Length of Sheet Pile L×100（%）
Fig. 3-3: Measurement of sweep
Table R3-1 Results of Measurement
Experimental
Tolerance Judgment
Value

Difference in total width 12.6 15 Good

Right Side 0.04% 0.11% Good

Sweep
Left Side 0.03% 0.11% Good

Right Side 0.03% 0.22% Good

Camber
Left Side 0.03% 0.22% Good

Note：Tolerances of JIS A5525 for hot-rolled steel sheet pile Photo.R3-1 Situation of
are used in above table. Weld Fabrication Test
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5. Tie-rod Installation
Figure 5-1 through Fig. 5-3 show the examples of tie-rod installation to the combined sheet piles.

Fig. 5-1: Example of tie-rod installation for combined sheet piles (1)

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Fig. 5-2: Example of tie-rod installation for combined sheet piles (2)

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 Fig. 5-3: Example of tie-rod installation for combined sheet piles (3)

6. Driving Method
Both the impact pile driving method and the vibratory driving method are applicable to combined sheet
piles.
Nippon Steel conducted three field driving tests for the development of the combined sheet pile: the
driving test at Chiba Prefecture in Japan where 15-meter-long combined sheet piles were driven using a hydraulic
vibratory hammer, the driving test in Osaka where 28- and 30-meter-long combined sheet piles were driven using
an electric vibratory hammer along with water jet cutters, and the driving test at Oita where 15-meter-long
combined sheet piles were driven using the hydraulic impact hammer.
In the driving test at Oita, Nippon Steel studied the dynamic and static vertical-bearing capacities of the
combined sheet pile, using the dynamic load test on site with the signal-matching analysis method.

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 It is important to accurately assume the bearing capacities because they largely influence the selection of
the required capacity of the impact hammer. The signal-matching analysis method enables one to obtain the static
bearing capacity at the toe-tip and the circumferential frictional bearing resistance separately.
Therefore, we collected the dynamic data of the acceleration and strain of the combined sheet pile
composed of the NSP-10H hat-type sheet pile and the H-steel with a web height of 900 mm.
The combined sheet pile was driven into dense sand strata with an SPT-N-value of 35 through the sand
layer with the average SPT-N-value of 10.
We thus obtained the following results:
(1) The static bearing capacity of the combined sheet pile at the toe end was estimated at 98 kN, which was much
smaller than that calculated from the averaged SPT-N-value of 35 at the tip, 490 kN, in which the bearing capacity
coefficient at the toe end is set as 400, and the total cross-section area of the hat-type sheet pile and the H-steel as
0.035 m2 is used.
(2) The static vertical-bearing capacity along the combined sheet pile caused by soil friction and cohesion was
almost the same as that calculated from the averaged SPT-N-value along the sheet pile, 10, in which the friction
coefficient for sandy soil is assumed as two and the triangle-like simplified circumferential length of the combined
sheet pile is set as 3.3 m.
(3) The dynamic resistance including interlocking friction occupied almost half of the total resistance during the
driving work.
In the driving test at Oita, the combined sheet pile composed of the NSP-10H hat-type sheet pile and the
H-steel with a web height of 900 mm was driven by using the 7.0-ton ram weight hydraulic impact hammer with a
maximum energy of 88 kNm.
Since the combined sheet pile has an open cross-section at the toe tip, it was driven easily without
causing soil plugging, which leads to high driving resistance. The consumed driving energy was estimated only up
to 30 kNm, which is almost one third of the potential maximum energy of the used impact hammer (see Fig. 6-1
and Fig. 6-2 ).

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OITA; Pile: 10HY900; Blow: 428 (Test: 18-Mar-2008 14:25:) 22-Mar-2008
Jibanshikenjo Co Ltd CAPWAP(R) 2006

3000.0 kN
Maximum input force:
2500 kN

Total resistance force:

1500.0
= Max. input force –
Max. rebound force
=2500-800 = 1700 kN

0 110 ms

0.0

34 L/c

Measured Wave Down at Top

Measured Wave Up at Top

Maximum rebound
force 800 kN
-1500.0

CAPWAP(R) 2006 Licensed to Jibanshikenjo Co Ltd

Fig. 6-1: Analyzed results of the driving test data obtained at Oita (1)

Sheet N-value Total resistance Transmitted Working stress of

pile force 全抵抗
(kN) (kN) energy (kNm) the sheet pile (Mpa)
N 値 伝達ﾊﾝﾏｴﾈﾙｷﾞ-(kNm) 発生応力 (MPa)
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 1000 2000 3000 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 50 100 150
0

6
深度 (GL-m)

Averaged
8

N-value
10
= 10
12

N-value
14

1,700 kN 30 kNm 65 Mpa

at the toe 10HY900

tip = 35
Fig. 6-2: Analyzed results of the driving test data obtained at Oita (2)

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 (Ref. 4: Field Driving Test 1 of Combined Sheet Piles/Vibratory Hammer)
■ Test location: Japan (Chiba Prefecture)
■ Test pile: Steel sheet pile NSP-10H and H-steel 550x200x9x12 L=15 m
(Length of H-steel is 14.5 m.)
■ Driving machine: Hydraulic vibratory hammer (maximum vibratory force=473 kN)
： Water jet cutter (supplementary method)
C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6

0:00:00 0:10:00 0:20:00 0:30:00

0
Order of the driving ① ② ③
length of the pile 15 m 15 m 15 m
(length of driving) 2
（14 m） （14 m） （14 m）
NSP-10H and H550 Driving time
4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0:00:00 0:10:00 0:20:00 0:30:00
0
1.0 m 0
6
①10H+H550
2 2 ②10H+H550
Reclaimed soil 8
③10H+H550
4 4
10

6 6
15.0 m

13.5 m

12

Fine sand 8 8
14
10 10
16
Sand and gravel 12 12

14 0.5 m 14
Fine sand

16 16
Fig. R4-1: Test pile and soil condition Fig. R4-2: Driving time

Photo R4-1: Driving machine Photo R4-2: Driving test Photo R4-3: Test pile
after driving
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(Ref. 5: Field Driving Test 2 of Combined Sheet Piles/Long Piles with Large Sections)
■ Test location: Japan (Osaka Prefecture)
■ Test pile: 1) Sheet pile NSP-10H and H-steel 700x200x9x16 L=28 m (Length of driving is 27 m.)
2) Sheet pile NSP-10H and H-steel 900x250x16x19 L=30 m (Length of driving is 29 m.）

■ Driving machine: Electric vibratory hammer (120 kW/160 kW)

： Water jet cutter (supplementary method)

NSP-10H
NSP-10H
HY700
HY900
Order of the driving ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥
length of9-5
the pile 9-4
30 m 5-1
28 m 5-2
28 m 5-3
28 m 9-2
28 m 9-3
30 m
(length of30m
driving) （29
30mm） （27 28mm） （27 28mm） （27 28mm） （27 28mm） （2930mm）
Fig. R5-1: Order of the driving of the test
⑦ ① ② ③ piles 0:00:00
④ 0:15:00 ⑤ 0:30:00 0:45:00
⑥
SPTN-Value Driving time
打設順序 0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0:00:00 0:15:00 0:30:00 0:45:00

0 5
0

Gravel mixed with clay

①10H+H900
Burnt ash 5 NSP-10H NSP-10H
10 5
②10H+H700
H900 H700
③10H+H700
15 ④10H+H700
10 10
⑤10H+H900
Depth（m）

⑥10H+H900
20
28.0 m

27.0 m

Silty clay
30.0 m

15 15
29.0 m

25
20 20

30

25 25
Silt mixed with sand
Sand mixed with gravel
30 30
Fig. R5-2: Test pile and soil condition Fig. R5-3: Driving time

Photo R5-1: Driving test Photo R5-2: Completion of driving Photo R5-3: Completion of
driving (side view)
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 (Ref. 6: Field Driving Test 3 of Combined Sheet Piles/Hydraulic Impact Hamm

■ Test location: Japan (Oita Prefecture)

■ Test pile: 1) Sheet pile NSP-10H and H-steel 700x200x9x16 L=15 m (Length of driving is 14 m.)
2) Sheet pile NSP-10H and H-steel 900x250x16x19 L=14.4 m (Length of driving is 13.4 m.）

■ Driving machine Hydraulic hammer (The weight of the ram is 7 t.)

NSP-10H
HY700 NSP-10H
HY900
Order of the driving ① ② 0 200 400 600 8001,000 0 200 400 600 8001,000
0 0
length of the pile 15.0 m 14.4 m
(length of driving) （14.0 m） （13.4 m）
2 Photo R6-1: Test pile 2 Photo R6-2: Pile cap for
driving
4 Number of4 hammer Falling height of ram
1.0 m drives per meter (mm)
N-value
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 NSP-10H
6 0 50 100
6 150 200 0 200 400 600 800 1,000
0 H900 0 0
Reclaimed soil 10HY900 10HY900
2 8 2 8 2
11.4 m

4 10 4 10 4
Fine sand
14.4 m

6 6 6
12 12
Silt
Fine sand 8 8 8
Silt 14 14
Sand
10 10 10

Coarse sand
2.0

12 12 12

Fine sand
14 14 14

Fig R6-1: Test pile and soil condition Fig. R6-2: Test results

Photo R6-1: Driving machine Photo R6-2: No damage Photo R6-3: Attachment test of the

detected at the pile head pile cap before the driving test
43 Test
Driving
© 2012 NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL CORPORATION All Rights

Reserved.
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© 2012 NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL CORPORATION All

Re