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Density Based Traffic Signal System
Density Based Traffic Signal System
Traffic
Signal System
Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Introduction
When traffic demand is great enough that the interaction between
vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream, these results in
some congestion. As demand approaches the capacity of a road
extreme traffic congestion sets in.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Block Diagram
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Density Based Traffic
Signal
System
Hardware Components
• 8051 series Microcontroller
• LEDs
• Voltage Regulator
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Crystal
• Diodes
• Transformer
• IR-LED & Photodiodes
• Transistor
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Circuit Diagram
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Microcontroller
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Voltage Regulators
A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit
which maintains the output voltage
(almost) constant in spite of changes
within some specified limits in the load
current, input voltage, temperature, etc.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
LED
Applications of LED :
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Resistor
s
Resistors are components used to resist the flow of electric current and
have a stated value of RESISTANCE.
Resistors can be either fixed or variable in value
Fixed resistors come in a variety of different shapes, sizes and forms
Axial lead resistors have the value of resistance printed on them or as a
colour code
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Capacitor
A basic capacitor has two parallel plates separated by an insulating
material
A capacitor stores an electrical charge between the two plates.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Diodes
The 1N4148 is a standard small signal silicon diode used in
signal processing.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Photo Diodes
Photodiodes are semiconductor light
sensors that generate a current or voltage
when the P-N junction in the
semiconductor is illuminated by light.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Transistors
A transistor consists of two pn junctions formed by sandwiching either p-
type or n-type semiconductor between a pair of opposite types.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
7-SEGMENT DISPLAY
An LED or Light Emitting Diode is a solid state optical PN-junction
diode .
The actual colour of the visible light emitted by an LED, ranging from
blue to red to orange, is decided by the spectral wavelength of the
emitted light which itself is dependent upon the mixture of the
various impurities added to the semiconductor materials used to
produce it.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Interfacing Seven segment display to 8051
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Working Principle
The purpose of the system is to improve efficiency of existing
automatic traffic signalling system.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Working Principle
System will have artificial vision with the help of digital camera mounted
on motor for its rotation to face lanes and sense the traffic on the road.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Working Principle
System will be intelligent and will calculate the time every time and
operate in a cyclic clockwise signal lights control.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Applications
Control traffic in metropolitan cities
Emergency
Edge detection
Robert operator
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Applications
Sobel operator
Prewitt operator
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Advantages
Avoids wastage of time due to the traffic.
Fully automatic.
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Disadvantages
The sensors which are used to quantify the traffic flow are very
expensive .
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Density Based Traffic Signal
System
Conclusion
The project may be very well used in where the traffic signals is kept
and in many other places where we need to full fill the need of the
automation. In the future we implement the project’s idea in the
industries. By using this density based traffic signal system in future
we can know traffic density in the city and so that remedies can be
made according to that.
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