Battery Design Main Goals

When designing batteries, it is required to:

- Co-simulate pack and load,
- Ensure pack can meet performance requirements,
- Look for energy storage in xEVx,
- Predict battery demand  simulate the vehicle over real-world operating scenarios for
determining the required battery power or current profile,
o HEV simulations are complex,
o EV simulations are straightforward because only a single-speed fixed gearing
is required without power source blending.
To simulate an electric vehicle it is required:
1. A precise vehicle description,
2. The vehicle tasks to accomplish.
The vehicle description includes:
- The battery characteristics such as cell, module, pack;
- Motor and inverter (motor driving power electronics),
- Drivetrain, etc.
The vehicle tasks follow speed vs. time profiles (“drive cycles”); for instance:
- The Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS),
- The Highway Fuel Efficiency Test (HW-FET),
- The New York City Cycle (NYCC),
- The US06 drive cycle (recorded by NREL, near Golden, CO).
Then, it is necessary to compute:
a. Desired accelerations to match desired speed, hence desired road forces, motor torques,
b. Desired torque and power values restricted to the vehicle motor chosen,
c. Achievable torques computed, and therefore road force and velocity,
d. Battery power computed based on motor power and updated battery SOC (State-of-
Charge),
e. Vehicle range “extrapolated” from battery energy depletion.