MIPS assembly provides a variety of conditional and unconditional branch instructions.

Instructions
beq $t1, $t2, label
bne $t1, $t2, label
bgez $t1, label
bgtz $t1, label
blez $t1, label
bltz $t1, label
beqz $t1, label
bnez $t1, label
beq $t1, 123, label
bne $t1, 123, label
bge $t1, $t2, label
bgt $t1, $t2, label
bge $t1, 123, label
bgt $t1, 123, label
ble $1, $t2, label
blt $1, $t2, label
j label
Description
# if ($t1 == $t2) goto label
# if ($t1 != $t2) goto label
# if ($t1 >= 0) goto label
# if ($t1 > 0) goto label
# if ($t1 <= 0) goto label
# if ($t1 < 0) goto label
# if ($t1 == 0) goto label
# if ($t1 != 0) goto label
# if ($t1 == 123) goto label
# if ($t1 != 123) goto label
# if ($t1 >= $t2) goto label
# if ($t1 > $t2) goto label
# if ($t1 >= 123) goto label
# if ($t1 > 123) goto label
# if ($t1 <= $t2) goto label
# if ($t1 < $t2) goto label
goto label

Note:
A lot of branch instructions are pseudo-instructions. When translated into machine code, an
assembler uses $at ($1) as the middle register.
So don’t use $1 when using branch instructions.

EXAMPLES
Structure of an if-then-else statement

if (condition) {

then-block (execute if condition is true)

} else {

else-block (execute if condition is false)

}
Sketch of translation to assembly
(translation of condition, ending in branch to thenLabel)
(translation of else-block)
j endLabel
thenLabel:
(translation of then-block)
endLabel:
(rest of program)

EXAMPLE 1: if-then-else statement

# Pseudocode:
# if (a < (b + 3))
# a = a + 1
# else
# a = a + 2
# b = b + a
# Register mappings:
# a: $t0, b: $t1

addi $t2, $t1, 3 # tmp = b + 3

blt $t0, $t2, then # if (a < tmp)
addi $t0, $t0, 2 # (else case) a = a + 2
j end
then: addi $t0, $t0, 1 # (then case) a = a + 1
end: add $t1, $t1, $t0 # b = b + a

EXAMPLE 2: if-then statement

# Pseudocode:
# if (a < (b + 3))
# a = a + 1
# b = b + a
# Register mappings:
# a: $t0, b: $t1

addi $t2, $t1, 3 # tmp = b + 3

blt $t0, $t2, then # if (a < tmp)
j end
then: addi $t0, $t0, 1 # (then case) a = a + 1
end: add $t1, $t1, $t0 # b = b + a
EXERCISES

1. Write a program in MIPS assembly to find the largest number from three numbers.

 Ask the user to input three numbers

 Do the comparison

 Print the largest number

2. Write a program which takes two numbers from user as input and performs operations on
those numbers as input from the user.

 Print a message on console “Enter the first No”

 Read the input integer from the console.

 Print a message on console “Enter the second No”

 Read the input integer from the console.

 Print a message on console “Enter operation code: 1 for multiply, 2 for division, 3
for addition, 4 for subtraction”

 Compute the result as per operation code.

 Print the result on console “[Operation] between [first no] and [second no] results
in [result]”