Types:

1. True – present – future:

If + present, will/ can/ may/ shall + V bare.
It I have money, I will buy sth.
2. Untrue – present:
If + V2/ed, would/ could/ might/ should + V bare.
3. Untrue – past:
If + had + V3/ed, would/ could/ might/ should + have + V3/ed
4. Mixed:
III – II (action – past  result – present)
Ex: If I had eaten lunch, I would feel full now.
If I hadn’t told a lie, I wouldn’t be scared.
If I hadn’t beaten my brother, he wouldn’t have a swollen head.
If you hadn’t come, I would play game now.
If I had cooked, I would have food right now.
II – III (untrue at present  result – past)
Ex: If you were tall enough, you would have taken part in VNTM 2020.
If I were tender, I wouldn’t have beaten him yesterday.
If she were kind, she would have got married last year.
If he weren’t too generous, he could have bought a house last year.
If only = I wish
WISH
1. I wish I could/ would. (possible)
I wish I could be a millionaire one day.
I wish I could go to Italy next year.
I wish I could pass the test with flying color.
I wish I would go with you on the next vacation.
2. I wish I were/ V2,ed (impossible – present)
I wish I were you.
I wish I had money right now.
I wish I had a cup of milk tea.
I wish you understood me.
I wish my mom were here.
3. I wish I had V3/ed (impossible – past)
I wish I had seen you yesterday.
I wish you had had a great vacation last year.
I wish I had told you the truth yesterday.

But for + Noun phrase

But for your help, I couldn’t do anything.
But for her, you can’t escape.
Burglar
 TENSES
PAST – PRESENT – FUTURE (simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous)
Simple: time, not exact
Continuous: exact time, duration (when, while)
Perfect: done (by, by the time)
Perfect continuous: done with duration (for, all)

PAST:
Simple: yesterday, ago, last, in ….
Continuous:
1. Exact time: I was studying at my high school at this time yesterday.
2. Cutting actions: When I was studying, you called me.
3. Parallel actions: When I was studying, you were teaching.

Perfect: action before another one in the past (by + time, by the time simple past, before)

Before you came, I had eaten 5 bowls of rice.

Perfect continuous: like perfect – with duration (for ______, all ____)

Before you came, I had been eating 5 bowls of rice for 5 hours.

PRESENT:

Simple: truth/ opinion, habit, hobby, schedule

Continuous:

1. Action happening: now, right now, at present, at the moment, imperative

2. Future arrangement: I’m learning after this class.
3. Complain/ unusual action: You are always talking. Today, mom is asking me to eat out.

Perfect:

1. Incomplete action (since, for, so far)

I have studied in NHC for a month.
2. Experience (ever, never, before, yet)
I have watched coco.
3. Recent action (lately, already, recently, scarcely, just)
I have just drunk yogurt.
4. Repeated action (once, twice, three times)
I have learnt tenses several times.
5. Action – past, result – present
I have done my homework.

Perfect continuous:
A ghost has followed me.
A ghost has been following me. (continuously)
How long have you waited for me?
I have been waiting for you for 2 hours. (continuously)

Signals: for _____, all _____, present continuous.

I am still studying. I have been studying for 2 hours.

S-V agreement:

1. And, both and… V(plural)

2. S1 with/ together with/ along with/ relative…. + V following S1
3. Not only S1 but also S2/ either S1 or S2/ neither S1 nor S1 – V following S2