Knowledge Sharing

LNG REGASIFICATION

LNG REGASIFICATION

Banito Adiarto, ST, IPM

Selasa Instrument Engineer
30 Maret 2021. PT Rekayasa Industri
Alumni Teknik Fisika ITB
15.30 – 17.30 WIB
 LNG - CHARACTERISTICS

• LNG IS A CRYOGENIC SUBSTANCE WITH BOILING POINT

AT -162 OC (ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE).
• VERY LOW DENSITY (LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS VOLUME IS 600 TIMES LESS
SPACE THAN A AS A GAS).
• LNG NEEDS TO BE IN VAPOR FORM AND MIXED WITH AIR TO BURN WITH
RANGE 5% TO 15% VOLUME CONCENTRATIONS IN AIR.
• MAJOR COMPONENT CONTENT IS METHANE (CH4).
• THE AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE OF METHANE IS 595 OC.
• ENERGY DENSITY OF LNG IS 2.4 TIMES GREATER THAN THAT OF CNG.
• ENERGY DENSITY OF LNG IS 60% OF DIESEL AND 70% OF GASOLINE FUEL.
LNG – CHARACTERISTICS (COURTESY OF SHELL)
 LNG - REGASIFICATION

• OFFSHORE LNG TERMINALS

a. GRAVITY BASE STRUCTURES (GBS)
b. FLOATING STORAGE AND REGASIFICATION UNITS (FSRU)

• ONSHORE LNG TERMINALS

 PIC

PT

metering

Onshore LNG Terminal

PLN

PIC

PT

PT

Fuel Gas POWER

PY
GENERATOR
PIC
PT

Dry Flare

ANTI SURGE VALVE

LNG ATOMIZER

PT
MARINE AIR COOLER
FLARE
BLOWER AIR COOLER

PY
PIC

BOG COMP

FT
PT

LNG ATOMIZER ELECTRIC HEATER

BOOSTER
QUENCHING
LNG SHIP

DRUM LNG
TANK Dry Flare
PIC

PT

PIM

PIC
FT

PT
FIC PIC

FT PT TT PCV PT

BELAWAN
ORV
FIC
FT PT LNG TRANSFER PUMP

LNG LOADING PUMP

FIC
FT PT

LNG CIRCULATION PUMP

LNG – UNLOADING ARMS
 LNG - STORAGE

• ABOVE GROUND TANKS

a. SINGLE CONTAINMENT TANK
b. DOUBLE CONTAINMENT TANK
c. FULL CONTAINMENT TANK

• IN-GROUND TANKS
LNG STORAGE – SINGLE CONTAINMENT TANK
 LNG STORAGE – SINGLE CONTAINMENT TANK
Ring Concrete
Heater Element
Thermocouple

L = 150 meters

D = 68 meters
P = 330 meters
LNG STORAGE – SINGLE CONTAINMENT TANK
 LNG STORAGE – IN GROUND TANK

Single Containment Double Containment Full Containment In-Ground

1. Lowest cost option. 1. More expensive than 1. More expensive than 1. More expensive than
2. Higher insurance single containment tank. double containment above ground tanks.
premium than others 2. Need less space than tank. 2. About 4-5 years to
type because more single containment tank. 2. Need less space than build ~ compared to 3
prone to external double containment years for an above
hazards. tank. ground tank.
3. Need greatest space 3. Concrete roof
area. 4. Top connection only
 LNG - PUMPS
Suction Vessel Mounted Pump In-Tank (Retractable) Pump
 LNG - VAPORIZERS

1. OPEN RACK VAPORIZERS (ORV)

2. AMBIENT AIR VAPORIZERS (AAV)
a. NATURAL DRAFT
b. FORCED DRAFT
3. SUBMERGED COMBUSTION VAPORIZERS
4. SHELL AND TUBE VAPORIZERS
5. INTERMEDIATE FLUID VAPORIZERS
a. GLYCOL WATER
b. HYDROCARBON
LNG – OPEN RACK VAPORIZERS

Courtesy of Sumitomo Precision

 LNG – OPEN RACK VAPORIZERS

Courtesy of Kobe Steel

CASE STUDY – OPEN RACK VAPORIZERS
 CASE STUDY – OPEN RACK VAPORIZERS

PI

ORV - A

PT PI
M

Seawater ORV - B

PI

ORV - C
CASE STUDY – OPEN RACK VAPORIZERS
LNG – AMBIENT AIR VAPORIZERS
 LNG – SUBMERGED COMBUSTION VAPORIZERS

Courtesy of Sumitomo Precision

LNG – SHELL AND TUBE VAPORIZERS
LNG - INTERMEDIATE FLUID VAPORIZERS - GLYCOL WATER
LNG - INTERMEDIATE FLUID VAPORIZERS - HYDROCARBON
LNG - INTERMEDIATE FLUID VAPORIZERS - HYDROCARBON
 PIC

PT

Safety Protection
metering PLN

PIC

PT

PT

Fuel Gas POWER

PY
GENERATOR
PIC
PT

Dry Flare

ANTI SURGE VALVE

LNG ATOMIZER

PT
MARINE AIR COOLER
FLARE
BLOWER AIR COOLER

PY
PIC

BOG COMP

FT
PT

LNG ATOMIZER ELECTRIC HEATER

BOOSTER
QUENCHING
LNG SHIP

DRUM LNG
TANK Dry Flare
PIC

PT

PIM

PIC
FT

PT
FIC PIC

FT PT TT PCV PT

BELAWAN
ORV
FIC
FT PT LNG TRANSFER PUMP

LNG LOADING PUMP

FIC
FT PT

LNG CIRCULATION PUMP

Class II Class I Class III

THANK YOU
Adriatic LNG Terminal, Italy
FSRU Jawa Barat, Teluk
Jakarta, Indonesia
FSRU Lampung, Indonesia
FSRU Karunia Dewata, Bali, Indonesia
FSRU Jawa Satu, Karawang,
Indonesia

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