TIEU CHUAN NGANH CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA ViéT NAM |DUONG GIAO THONG NONG THON TIEU CHUAN THIET KE 22TCN 210-92 Co hiéu tue ta 1/1/1993 (Ban hank theo Quyét dink s6 2636 QB/KHKT ngay 25/11/1992 ciia B6 GTVT) CHUONG | NHUNG QUY B]NH CHUNG Di’u 1.1. Mang lu6i dutmg giao thong nong thon 1a bo phan giao thong dia phuong néi tip voi he thong dung quéc gia nhim phuc vu sin xudt Nong - Lam - New nghiép va phye vy giao lwu kinh té - van hda - x hoi cla cdc lang xa, thon xém, Mang IvGi nay nhar bao dim cho cde phuong tién ca gidi loai trung, nhe va xe thd so qua lai. Diéu 1.2. Quy hoach mang luéi dung n6ng thon phai thda man cdc you chu sau day: - Phuc vu truée mat dong thai oo xét t6i viée phat trién lau dai (dac biét d6i véi cong trinh clu cing...) thich hgp véi diéu kign cia dja phyong. - Phai két hop chat ché mang Ivéi giao thong vdi quy hoach tuéi tiéu ciia thiy loi (tan dung he thong dutng muong) - Két hgp chat ché vdi quy hoach khoanh ving san xudt nong nghi¢p va quy hoach dan cit phit hgp véi tap quan va dac thi kinh té dia phuong. Diéu 1.3. Dudng noi ti huyén toi xa va lién xa lA nhing dudng c6 xe co gidi qua lai thudng xuyén hoae ed tam quan trong huyén xa doi hdi eo yeu chu chit Iwgng cao nén khi thigt ké phai theo tiéu chudn ky thuat ting voi dung ep VI trong tiéu chudn TCVN-4054-85- Thiét ké dudng 6 tO (Phu luc 1) do Nha mutée quan ly (BO GTVT va Sé Giao thong). Khuyén khich cde dia phuong khi ed didu kign dau tu thl nén lam dudng od tiéu chudn ky thuat cao. Nhimg dudng con lai bao gdm dudng tit xa xudng thon, lién thon va tir thon ra canh dong (khu vie sin xudt) thi duge chia lam 2 logi dutng A va B Dieu 1.4. Dung loai A la dutmg cht yéu phuc vu cho céc phutong tign giao thong x gidi loai trung, tai trong truc tiéu chudn dé thiét ké cong trinh trén duémg JA 6T/ truc. Dutng loai B la dutng phyc vu cho cfc phuong tién giao théng thd so (xe stic vat kéo hotic xe co gidi nhe) od tii trong truc tiéu chun dé thiét ké la 2.5 Titrue va tai trong kiém todn 1a 1T/truc banh sat. itu 1.5. Xay dung dudng giao thong nong thon chi yéu dya vao nhu chu giao thong cia timg giai doan (hign dai, tuong lai phat trién...) ma xem xét, Iva chon loai dung da duge dé cap & Diu 1.3 va Ditu 1.4 sao cho phi hop véi kha nang dau tu va nhu cau khai the cin dia phwong. 100sang: swat ub) Eh (1 = 0,15%) 340x 100° © (= 48) Boh’ —— ( ~ 0,3") 380.000 16 = 0,81 0,5 <5 = 0,81 < 10, vay tm thuse logi cd do cuing hitu han trén’ mat bing Mo men do tai trong 6 t6 sinh ra trong tim bé tong duge xe dinh theo cong thule (5.2) My = Pu (Ma + Mp Trong dé Py =P, ky = 3500 x 1,2 = 4200 daN, voi k = 1,2 (he 86 xung kich) Khi S= 0,81; . D Fe = 9 ~ 015 tra bang 5.1 duge: M, = —0,0545; M, = 0,256 Vay My = 4200(-0,0545+0,255)=8424N.em/em. Lue cAt do anh hudng cia tam bén eanh: iP gay Q=Q7 wily 250,81 va _ 100 * Lae” hie ‘Tra Bang 5.4 duge Q = 0,077. 077.4200 Vay 2.077 4200 _ 3,8daNiem 85 M6 men un & gitfa tim do anh hudng ca lye eft Q theo chu vi: i Mg Qe trong dé Mg =-0,254 (tra Bang 5.4 khi S =0,81) 0 Q= 3,8daN/icm Vay My =-0,254x3,8x100=-96,52daN.cm/om. Mo men téng cong do tai trong tinh todn va do tai trong tir céc tim ben canh truyén M = My + Mg = 842 + 96,52 = 745,48 daN.cm/em. Ung suat & gitta tim 6M 6x 745,48 * og iad 17,47daNlem? < [a] = 0,5x 45 = 22,5daNiem? 99+ YMp =2(A + uB)R, = 2(0,086+0,15x0,014)3750=660,6daN.cm/em DMy =2B + ZAP, = 2(0,014+0,15x0,086)3750=201,75daN.cm/em Ung su&t kéo udn trong lép mong do xe lu gay ra: 6M _ 6x660,8 we. ge Nhit vay cd thé cho lu Jam vige sau khi bé tong dat duge 70% cutng do thiét ke (sau khi dé bé tong khong 7-8ngay). = 6,88da/em* < [oc] = 12daN/em* o= Vi du 3: Hay kiém tra cng do oiia tim be tong xi mang lap ghép ding dé xay dung dutmg trong khu nha 6. Tam bé tong hinh 6 canh, chiéu day 16cm, kich thuéc nhu Hinh 3, duge ché tao 6 xi nghidp bang bé tong M350, cd cutng do kéo u6n tiéu chudn Ry =45daN/om?, dat trén lép mong day 15cm bang cat. Dat n&n dutng la dat 4 sét BY, = 340daN/em*, 4, = 0,3. Giai: TAi trong thiét ké cho dung 6 t6 trong khu nha la 0 t6 true sau 7T (By = 3500daN, D = 30cm) ‘Tam bé tong hink 6 canh dude tinh toan nhu tém tron ed duéng ‘kinh bing dugng kinh vong tron ndi tiép trong tam dé. (d = 2r = 200cm, xem Hinh 3) Hinh 4 la so d® tinh toan cia tém chju tai trong cia banh xe phan bé trén vong tron, vét banh tuong duong cd dung kinh D = 30cm, ap lve p = SdaN/em*, Q p=5daN/co® 2010 Hinh 3. Tém be tong 6 canh Hink 4 Sod tinh toon ede tam lép ghép hinh 6 canh. ‘Tai chu vi tam chju tée dung cia Ive edt Q tuong duong v6i phan Ic cia cae tam ben canh. - Xée dinh chi s6 S theo cong thite 5.1 98- Tinh chiéu day lép mong bé tong M250 duéi lép mat bé tong nhya day Scm (Eyin = 8000daN/em?). Ap dung cong thite (4.16): 3 = 20 8 V oe 26 .- 1,76 = 290.000 ~ Lay chiéu day lép mong be tong xi mang hy, = 24cm. 24 Bigg = Bg — Ben 2) Nie dink curiong do ciia lip mong bé tng xi miing cho phép rdi lép mit bé tong nhuca lén trén. Khi bat dau rAi lép mat be tong nha yéu cu ting sudt cho phép cia 6p mong phai lon hon ting sudt do tai trong cia xe lu gay ra. Dé an toan khong xét dén su tang dién phan bé tai trong trén mat lép mong cia lép bé tong nhya. So d® tinh todn voi tai trong xe Iu nhu Hinh 2. Gia dinh khi rai bé tong nhua cubng do lép mong dat khodng 70% cudng do thiét ké (R, = 170daN/em?, Ry = 24daN/em?, [o] = 12daN/em”, E = 200.000daN/em”) ‘Tién hanh tinh todn 6 diém A: E, _ 200.0000 = 400 ER 500 ‘Tra Bang 4.4 ia duge ar = 0,677 ‘Tra Bang 4.5 ta duge A = 0,0: 3750 | P= O65 | r=065 4 3750 Hinh 2. So dd kidm toén vdi xe la 97Diéu 3.5. Tru’ng hgp nén dudng khong dao khong dfp - dong di trén nén thieén nhién (duéng trén dbi, ving trung du) thi phai lam rah thodt nuéc mat 6 hai bén dudng (vem hinh 3.5) Hink 3-5 Dibu 3.6. Nen dutng dao thutmg cs hai dang mat At ngang nhu trén hin 36 a, b. Tay theo loai dat d4 ma do d6e mai dao co tri s6 qu dinh nhu sau : Dat nén dao ‘Tri 86 mai dée = Dat sét 1:0,75- 1:1 - Dé mem 1:08 °- 150,75 - Da cing 120,25 - 1:05 Hinh 3-6 Ditu 3.7, Thodt nude nén dudng la digu hét ste quan trong vi ‘nude la ke thir 86 mot cia dudng", dac biét doi voi du’ng néng thon co mat dung dé thém nude va nen duong it duge dim nén t6t. Vi vay dé thoat nhanh nde mua, nén dudng néi chung phai od rainh doc @ hai ben va he thong ranh phai théa man cac diéu kién: - Nen mat dudmg phai ed d@ déc ngang vé hai phia, tri s6 dc nay bing 4% (xem hinh 9.7). + Do déo cita ranh doc t6i thiéu phai bao dam 1%, Hinh 3.7. 104Dieu 3. ranh doe ed dang hinh tam gic vdi chidu cao téi t! Ranh doc c6é dang tam gic hoaec hinh thang. Néu nén la da ettng thi ju la 30 em (xem hink 3.8 a ‘Néu nép 1a d4 mém hoac dat thi ranh doc ed dang hinh thang cd déy rong toi thiéu 30 em, cao 20 cm, do déc mai rinh 1; 1 (rem hinh 3.8 6), an “¢ i i a) fom 1 Pees | Hinh 3.8 Diéu 3.9. Can trénh xay dung nér dung qua ving sinh lay, dat sut, trugt 16. ‘Trong truéng hgp khong thé tranh duge thi phai co thiét ké dac biét vai nhiing xit ly riéng, Di’u 3.10, N8n dudng ddp can dam bao cutng dé va én dinh. Nen dung dép bing dat sét pha cit, edt pha sét, dat edt phai dp thanh tig lop day tit 15 cm dén 20 em va dam chat bang thi céng hodc lu len. D6 chat quy dinh dat K tir 0,90 dén 0,95. Trinh ty thi cong xem chi din thi cdng rieng CHUONG 4 TIEU CHUAN KY THUAT MAT DUONG Digu 4.1. Mat duttmg la bo phan chiu tac dung true tip ciia banh xe cia cde phutong ign cd gidi va tho sg, cling nhit chju anh hidng trve tiép cia thdi tiét khf hau (mua, ndng, nbiét d6, gid...).Vi vay dé cho cde phuong tign giao thong di lai duge dé dang mat dugng cin théa man cdc diéu kién sau: + Phai di do hén ving (di cudng do) dudi tac dung cha tai trong truyén true tiép qua binh xe xudng mat duémg (dée biét 1A véi loai xe sic vat bénh cing) cing nhu tac dung cia thoi tiét, khf hau. - Phai di do bang phang dé xe di lai ém thudn vA mat dudng khong bi dong nude. ‘Mu6n vay, mat dugng phai duge xay dung tren nén dung dat di duge dam chat va én dinh. Vat ligu ding lim mat dittmg phio di do cing, chiu ditge téc dung cla nude vA sit thay dai nhiet do. Dieu 4.2. Nén tan dung ede loai vat ligu sin c6 cia dia phuong dé lam mat dung nhim gidm gid thinh xay dung dung. Uu tien sit dung cdc loai vat ligu théa man cée yeu cau néu 6 Didu 4.1. nhit da dam, s6i ong, cat séi, xi 10 cao. Néu trong ving khong co céc vat ligu trén thi cin ap dung cdc bién phap gia ed dé lam tang dd bin cia vat lidu tai chd bing cach thay déi think phn hat hode trén thém chit két dinh nhu voi, xi mang. 105