Scott Ross

2011

Celtic coins in the Hunter Coin Cabinet

Classics, School of Humanities, University of

Glasgow

1
 Contents

Acknowledgements 3

Introduction 4

Methodology 7

Imported Coinage 10

The Coinage of the Cantii 19

The Coinage of the Atrebates/Regni 24

The Coinage of the Iceni 32

The Coinage of the Corieltauvi 40

The Coinage of the Dobunni 43

The Coinage of the Durotriges 48

The Coinage of the Trinovantes/Catuvellaunian 56

The Coinage of Armorica 73

Conclusion 80

Concordance Table 82

Bibliography 88

2
 Acknowledements

Thanks to Professor Elizabeth Moignard for her continuing help, support and
supervision throughout this challenging time.

Thanks to Dr. Sally-Anne Coupar for her continuing help, support, supervision and
time throughout my senior honours year.

Thanks to Dr. Donal Bateson for allowing me to access the Hunterian coin cabinet,
study its coins and for use of the coins library resources.

Thanks to Elizabeth McAvavley for guidance in helping me get my dissertation from

a database format to its current format.

Thanks to Katie McAlpine for her continuing support and motivation given to me.

Finally, thanks to my family for giving me motivation and their understanding during
the writing of this dissertation.

3
 Introduction

The aim of this dissertation is to catalogue 237 Celtic coins from, or previously

thought to be from, Iron Age Britain, in the Hunterian collection. Although

MacDonald and Coats had both previously assessed the coinage in the

Hunterian collection, an extensive catalogue, which is up-to-date with current

research, has yet to be produced. MacDonald had assessed 135 of the Celtic

coins and Coats 78. MacDonaldʼs collection was published in 1905 and the

Coats collection has never been published. Therefore, this dissertation

provides a precise and extensive catalogue of the Celtic coinage collection

and brings it up-to-date with current research.

" This dissertation also compares the coins in the Hunterian collection

with similar Celtic coins in other collections and catalogues, which has never

been attempted before. These collections and catalogues include the British

Museum (Hobbs), Van Arsdellʼs, Mackʼs and Evansʼ catalogues. Previously,

MacDonald and Coats had only compared the collection to Evansʼ catalogue

and not every coin in the Hunterian collection can be compared and matched

to a coin in Evansʼ catalogue. The work of MacDonald and Coats is now

considered extremely dated, although at the time it was an advanced method

of cataloguing and assessing coinage. They describe some coins as

“uncertain-British” which have now been attributed to a particular region and

tribe of Iron Age Britain, therefore reclassification of these coins was essential.

" MacDonald and Coats also used what are now considered out-dated

methods of weighing and measuring the coins. They weighed the coins using
4
the “grain” system, but presently better practice is to weigh the coins in grams

to two decimal places. They also measured the coins in inches while more

recent practice is to measure the coins in millimetres. Therefore, there was a

great need to catalogue the coinage and bring it up-to-date with current

research. There is also a small hoard of tin coins (marked with “Hoard Tin”

within the catalogue) which were donated to the Hunterian cabinet which had

never been assed or published which are included in this dissertation. Within

this catalogue there is also a number of coins that were attributed to the

Channel Islands and it was discovered in the research of this dissertation that

these coins are actually from north-western France, these coins have never

been published before.

" This dissertation will provide a brief section discussion before each area/

tribe are introduced. This provides the reader of this dissertation with

information on which coins in the Hunterian cabinet relate to a particular region

and where that region is. These brief section discussions will include a figure

comprising of a map with a rough outline of the particular tribeʼs area. The

section discussion with maps had not previously been attempted by

MacDonald or Coats, and these aspects seem to be academically fashionable

in current numismatic catalogues. Within these section introductions will be

discussion of rare examples in the Hunterian cabinet so that these can be

studied more fully and be more understood within the numismatic community.

Some of the Celtic coins in the Hunterian collection are clearly derived from

the coinage of Philip II of Macedon and coins based on Roman types.

5
Therefore, the section introductions will also state what older coins, the

iconography and images on certain Celtic coins in the collection are derived

from.

" Therefore, the key aims and outcomes of this dissertation and

numismatic catalogue are 1) to find and link the Celtic coins in the Hunterianʼs

collection to other examples in the catalogues of Evans, Hobbs, Mack and Van

Arsdell, as is common in numismatic practice, 2) to merge all the Celtic coins

of Iron Age Britian, and previously though to belong to Iron Age Britain, in the

Hunterian into one catalogue thereby bringing the catalogue up-to-date with

current numismatic practices and providing a brief introduction to each tribe

and area and, finally, 3) to help others become aware of the importance of the

Celtic coins in the Hunterian cabinet and to describe the coins accurately so

that others in the numismatic field may study them.

"

6
 Methodology

The production of a numismatic catalogue as a dissertation needs to go through

several stages of development and requires many different methods of

measurement, interpretation and research. The methods used to create this

dissertation will be discussed in this section.

" Firstly, I had to measure, weigh, obtain the die-axes and photograph all 237

coins, according to current numismatic practice. For each coin, I had to measure the

diameter in millimeters, using a ruler. This measurement is made using the widest

part of the coin. Secondly, I had to weigh each individual coin using electronic scales

to .00 grams as is concurrent with numismatic practice. This meant that I was

replacing MacDonald and Coatʼs out-dated method of using inches to measure the

coins and grains to weigh the coins. I then had to decipher the die-axes of the coins

which had a die-axis, as sometimes it is impossible to obtain a die-axis because one

side of the coin is blank or the design is so abstract. This was done using a plastic

angle-measurement tool. The die-axis of a coin is related to the technical aspects of

manufacture of the coin, unlike today where both the obverse and reverse of a coin

are exactly straight, ancient coins would have been off centre due to the manual

striking of the coin. It is important to obtain the die-axis to establish a sequence in the

production of coinage. Finally, I had to take clear photographs of both the obverse

and the reverse of the coins with a macro-lens setting on the camera for close detail.

Originally, the coins were photographed on plain white paper, with their number and a

ruler placed alongside the coin. Once this stage was complete the photographs

needed to be edited to a format which could make them presentable as a single

object. This was one of the longest and most repetitive processes of this dissertation.

The original photographs needed to be loaded onto a programme called

“Pixelmator” (similar to Adobe Photoshop) on an Apple Mac and then hand-cut from
7
their background and saved as their original size.1 The total number of photographs

which required to be edited in this manner was 474 for both the obverse and reverse

of the coins.

" The second phase of this dissertation was creating a massive database using

the programme “Numbers” (similar to Access for windows or Excel) on an Apple Mac

and entering information into it. This meant creating 237 rows for each coin and

several columns horizontally with the headings “ID”, “Old ID”, “New ID”, “Obverse

description”, “Rev description”, “Size”, “Weight”, “Die-axis”, “Notes” (for date etc), and

“Evans”, “Hobbs”, “Mack”, and finally “Van Arsdell”. The last four columns were used

to link the coins in the Hunterian collection to other collections, which is used in a

concordance table at the end of this dissertation. This was also a lengthy process, as

it requires matching the coins in the Hunterian collection with coins from other

collections which exactly match.

" The third and final phase of this dissertation was transferring it from its

database format to the format in which it currently exists. For some reason I thought

this would have been easy and would have required a computer-literate technician to

enter a formula and it would easily transfer into “Pages” (a word document

programme for Apple Mac- similar to Word for Windows). Unfortunately this was not

the case. I went to see Elizabeth McAvaley who helped me transfer my database into

“Pages”. However, this did not come out in the format I would have liked and was the

only way to do it, but at least it was in a document that could be manipulated. I

therefore, had to go through each coin and manually “return” and “tab” each

sentence and section of information to fit the images of the coins onto the information

1 The images of coins in this catalogue are representative of their size. They could be larger or smaller
than the actual size of the coin by a few milimeters. This is because “Pixelmator” cuts the image not at
the end of the coin but rather the end of the squared image. The images of coins are not on plates at
the end of this dissertation because it is superfluous to this dissertations needs, if it was for purely a
work of reference like Hobbs, (1996) then the plates would be needed.
8
to go side-by-side. The order and presentation of this catalogue is reflective of how

coins are presented in Van Arsdellʼs “Celtic Coinage of Britain”. I choose this method

because it is an attractive layout, easy-on-the-eye and it is the most friendly to

newcomers to the academic field of numismatics.

" These three processes combined with the research completed through

reading books and comparing the coins is how this dissertation came into being in its

current and final format. When “Evans”, “Hobbs”, “Mack” or “Van Arsdell” catalogues

are mentioned in this dissertation it refers to Evansʼ The Coins of the Ancient Britons,

Hobbsʼ British Iron Age Coins in The British Museum, Mackʼs The Coinage of Ancient

Britain, and Van Arsdellʼs Celtic Coinage of Britain.

9
 Imported Coinage

The earliest forms of money in the

British Isles were small rings of gold

(ring money) which date from the

Bronze age and iron bars shaped like

swords (sword money). The

Hunterian Museum has some early

Celtic ring money in its archaeology

collection. Ring money would have

originally been used for decoration

and the tying up of women’s hair. Unfortunately this was realised too late into my

work on this dissertation and I could not gain access to the ring money, this,

therefore could be an area for further study or to be considered in post-graduate

work. The earliest form of money, as we know it (coinage), which the Celtic

inhabitants of Britain would have used were imported from Belgic-Gaul.2 The

imported coinage in the Hunterian cabinet ranges from 125 BC - 50 B.C. The need

for money in Britain was due to imports of wine, metals and because the Gaulish

tribes were beginning to employ British mercenaries. The earliest imported coins that

the Hunterian cabinet has examples of are

called “Large flan type” which are a very

Celticised version of Philip II of Macedon’s

coinage- Gold: Obv: Head of Apollo, Rev:

Chariot (Figure 2) and Silver: Obv: Head of

2 Creighton, (2000: 55)

10
Zeus, Rev: Rider on horse back (Figure

2.1). The “De-faced die type” (Rev: also

resembling the gold stater of Philip’s

chariot). The former were struck by the

Ambiani tribe (1-10) and the latter by the

Caletes tribe (11-14). The next set of imported coins are the “Abstract design

type” (15 and 16) which are again a Celticised version of Philip II’s gold staters.

Coins 17-20 are called the “Gallic war type” these have a blank obverse and the

horse on the reverse is similar to that of previous imported coins. Coins 21-28 are

named the “Geometric type” because they have no obvious iconography of a head or

horse but rather only lines to create a pattern. Finally, coin 29, is one of the most

perplexing coins in this dissertation. No examples of a similar coin are to be found in

Hobbs catalogue. I have attributed it to “Imported coinage”, as does Mack.3 Van

Arsdell has several examples and lists one example as a forgery.4 Van Arsdell

attributes it to the Atrebates (possibly Commius) but also suggests it could be a

continental type and refers back to a similar imported type.5

1 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,

Stater
c.125-100 B.C.
AV 25mm 7.63g 50º
Obv: Head of Apollo, left, laureate
Rev: Horse galloping left (degraded), beneath
rosette, various ornaments in field
M3.714.3

3 Mack, (1975: 48)

4 Van Arsdell, (1989: 554)
5 Van Arsdell, (1989: 130)
11
2 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,
Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 28mm 7.41g 60º
Obv: Head of Apollo, left, laureate
Rev: Horse galloping left with Nike above
(degraded), beneath rosette, various ornaments in
field
M3.714.4

3 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,

Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 24mm 7g 290º
Obv: Head of Apollo, left, laureate
Rev: Horse galloping left with Nike above
(degraded), beneath rosette, various ornaments in
field
M3.714.5

4 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,

Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 26mm 7.32g 0º
Obv: Head of Apollo left., laureate (degraded)
Rev: Horse prancing left, Above: Nike ; beneath,
rosette of pellets, centre pellet
Coats 1.2

5 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,

Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 21mm 6.79g 30º
Obv: Head of Apollo left., laureate (degraded)
Rev: Horse prancing left, Above: Nike ; beneath,
rosette of pellets, centre pellet
Coats 1.3

12
6 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,
Quarter Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 15mm 1.76g 140º
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, laureate
Rev: Horse galloping right with Nike above
(degraded), beneath rosette, various ornaments in
field
M3.714.1

7 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 16mm 1.75g 290-300º
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, laureate
Rev: Horse galloping right with Nike above
(degraded), beneath rosette, various ornaments in
field, possible rider on back of horse
M3.714.2

8 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 14mm 1.68g 40º
Obv: Head of Apollo right., laureate (degraded)
Rev: Horse galloping right., rosette beneath ; above
Nike; beneath rosette of pellets with centre
pellets, possible rider on back of horse
Coats 1.1

9 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 15mm 1.83g 55º
Obv: Head of Apollo, left, laureate
Rev: Horse galloping left with Nike above
(degraded),beneath rosette, various ornaments in
field, possible rider on back of horse
M3.714.6

13
10 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Large Flan Type,
Quarter Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 14mm 1.76g 310º
Obv: Head of Apollo left., laureate (degraded)
Rev: Horse prancing left, Above: Nike ; beneath,
rosette of pellets, centre pellet
Coats 1.4

11 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Defaced Die Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 13mm 1.92g -
Obv: Raised spikes crossing the field in various
directions
Rev: Horse galloping left; Rider squats on horse’s
tail and holds pole upright; beneath lyre
M3.715.14

12 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Defaced Die Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 13mm 1.9g -
Obv: Raised spikes crossing the field in various
directions
Rev: Horse galloping left; Rider squats on horse’s
tail and holds pole upright; beneath lyre
M3.715.15

13 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Defaced Die Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 14mm 1.79g -
Obv: Raised spikes crossing the field in various
directions
Rev: Horse galloping left; Rider squats on horse’s
tail and holds pole upright; beneath lyre
Coats 3.17

14 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Defaced Die Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 125-100 B.C.
AV 14.5mm 1.77g -
Obv: Raised spikes crossing the field in various
directions
Rev: Horse galloping left; Rider squats on horse’s
tail and holds pole upright; beneath lyre
Coats 3.18

14
15 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Abstract Design
Type, Stater
c. 90-80 B.C.
AV 20mm 6.85g 320º
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, face and hair
recognisable
Rev: Horse galloping right, Possible Nike above
(degraded),Horse has no tail, Field filled with pellets
and ornaments
M3.715.13

16 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Abstract Design

Type, Stater
c. 80-70 B.C.
AV 17mm 6.55g 40º
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, face and hair
recognisable
Rev: Horse galloping right, Possible Nike above
(degraded), Horse has no tail, Field filled with pellets
and ornaments
M3.715.12

17 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Gallic War Type,

Stater
c. 65 B.C.
AV 18mm 6.22g -
Obv: Plain, convex
Rev: Horse galloping right.; Pellet beneath ; various
ornaments in field ; beneath tablet of pattern,
crescent over and under pellets
Coats 1.6

18 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Gallic War Type,

Stater
c. 65 B.C.
AV 15mm 6.21g -
Obv: Plain, convex
Rev: Horse galloping right.; Pellet beneath ; various
ornaments in field ; beneath tablet of pattern,
crescent over and under pellets
Coats 2.7

15
19 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Gallic War Type,
Stater
c. 60 B.C.
AV 17mm 6.16g -
Obv: Blank, convex
Rev: Horse galloping right with Nike above
(degraded), beneath round dot, beneath line of dots,
various ornaments in field
M3.715.8

20 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Gallic War Type,

Stater
c. 60 B.C.
AV 16mm 6.29g -
Obv: Blank, convex
Rev: Horse galloping right with Nike above
(degraded)
M3.715.9

21 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Geometric Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 65-50 B.C.
AV 11mm 1.46g -
Obv: Misc object, (degraded)
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
M3.716.22

22 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Geometric Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 65-50 B.C.
AV 9mm 1.56g -
Obv: Misc object, (degraded)
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
M3.716.23

23 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Geometric Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 65-50 B.C.
AV 12mm 1.38g -
Obv: Misc object, (degraded)
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
Coats 4.25

16
24 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Geometric Type,
Quarter Stater
c. 65-50 B.C.
AV 11mm 1.44g -
Obv: Misc object, (degraded)
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
Coats 4.26

25 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Geometric Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 65-50 B.C.
AV 10mm 1.44g -
Obv: Misc object, (degraded)
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
Coats 5.27

26 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Geometric Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 65-50 B.C.
AV 9mm 1.31g -
Obv: Misc object, (degraded)
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
Coats 5.30

27 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Geometric Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 65-50 B.C.
AV 11mm 1.39g -
Obv: Misc object, (degraded)
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
Coats 12.77

28 Imported Coinage, Gallo-Belgic, Geometric Type,

Quarter Stater
c. 65-50 B.C.
AV 11mm 1.32g -
Obv: Blank, Convex
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
M3.716.24
Notes: Belongs to subgroup Gallo-Belgic Uninscribed
- Uncertain Imported coinage

17
29 Gallo-Belgic “Xc”- South East Coast
-
AV 9mm 1.15g -
Obv: “A” the cross bar proceeding from right. leg
downward parallel with left leg
Rev: Horse galloping left ; above sun ; beneath,
annulet, annulet within ring
Coats 5.29
Notes: No examples are found in Evans, Hobbs or
Mack which would suggest this coin is either rare or
as Van Arsdell suggests is a forgery.

18
 The coinage of the Cantii

The Cantti tribe occupied the area that is now

Kent.6 The first coinage produced in Kent were

cast and not struck and are named the “Cast

Bronzes” (30-35). These were cast between

100-90 BC and were made with Bronze rather

than more precious metals. The first struck coins

of Kent emerged in 50 BC, towards the end of the

Gallic war. The earliest struck coins were

uninscribed and are named “Kentish geometric type” (36-38) struck between 50-45

B.C. Similarly, the “Kentish trophy type” was also struck between 50-45 BC (39). The

next coinage of Kent the Hunterian collection has examples of, is that which are

inscribed, produced by Dubnovellaunus, inscribed with his name. (40-42). Vosenos

assumed control over this area after Dubnovellaunus and produced a single coinage

(43 and 44). It is clear that the coinage of the Cantii and Kent becomes increasingly

Romanized. The designs of the first cast coins are nothing more than an outline of a

head on the obverse and an outline of an animal on the reverse, this progresses to

geometric designs on the coins and then onto more Roman designs. The earliest

coinage of Dubnovellanus portrays a very Celticised horse and progresses through

Dunovellanus’ reign into Vosenos’ reign until the horse becomes much more realistic

and Roman (43 and 44). This obviously reflects the increasing influence of the

Romans over this region.

6 De Jersey, (1996: 7)
19
30 Cantii- Cast Bronzes, Crossed Striations Type,,
c. 100 B.C.
Bronze 18mm 2.02g Cast
Obv: Outline of Head left, large eye
Rev: Rude figure of quadruped
M3.717.1

31 Cantii- Cast Bronzes, Medium Striations Type

c. 100 B.C.
Bronze 18mm 2.18g Cast
Obv: Rude head left. ; outline of head, large circular
eye
Rev: Bull in rude outline, left
Coats 6.36

32 Cantii- Cast Bronzes, Medium Striations Type

c. 100 B.C.
Bronze 19mm 2.55g Cast
Obv: Rude head left. ; outline of head, large circular
eye
Rev: Bull in rude outline, left
Coats 6.37

33 Cantii- Cast Bronzes, Thin Striations Type

c. 100-90 B.C.
Bronze 19mm 1.9g Cast
Obv: Rude head right. ; outline of head, large circular
eye
Rev: Bull in rude outline, right
Coats 6.34

20
34 Cantii- Cast Bronzes, Thin Striations Type
c. 100-90 B.C.
Bronze 17mm 1.47g Cast
Obv: Rude head right. ; outline of head, large circular
eye
Rev: Bull in rude outline, right
Coats 6.35

35 Cantii- Cast Bronzes

c. 100-90 B.C.
Bronze 16.5mm 3.61g Cast
Obv: (Degraded) Figure of Boar: two pellets
below
Rev: (Degraded) Figure of goat: three pellets
above
M3.717.2

36 Cantii- Uninscribed Coinage, Kentish Geometric

Type, Quarter Stater
c. 50-45 B.C.
AV 12mm 1.49g -
Obv: Misc device, looks like “YES”, above galley-like
object
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
Coats 4.23

37 Cantii- Uninscribed Coinage, Kentish Geometric

Type, Quarter Stater
c. 50-45 B.C.
AV 10.5mm 1.59g -
Obv: Misc device, looks like “YES”, above galley-like
object
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
Coats 4.24

21
 38 Cantii- Uninscribed Coinage, Kentish Geometric
Type, Quarter Stater
c. 50-45 B.C.
AV 13mm 1.23g -
Obv: Misc device, looks like “YES”, above galley-like
object
Rev: Various ornaments and lines.
M3.716.21

39 Cantii- Uninscribed Coinage, Trophy Type, Quarter

Stater
c. 50-45 B.C.
AV 11mm 1.26g -
Obv: Plain, convex
Rev: Ornament composed of a twisted bar with
flowered ends. Resting on a stem and two struts
supporting its ends On either side, an oblong label
filled with criss-cross hatching, below annulet within
circle, and two small annulets.
Coats 5.28

40 Cantii- Dubnovellaunus-in-Kent, Stater

c. 30-15 B.C.
AV 20mm 5.49g -
Obv: Plain and convex, with raised band across
Rev: “-- ϴDII---” (above, left) Horse prancing right.;
on shoulder, annulet containing pellet ; beneath,
wheel ; above, serpent-like device; in field, various
ornaments ; border of dots
M3.727.1
Notes: Mack attributes this coin to “uncertain coins
belonging to the Trinovantes”.7 However, Van Arsdell
attributes this coin to the Cantii- Dubnovellaunus.8
Examples in Van Arsdell, Mack and Hobbs seem to
be around 16mm. Hunterian example and Evans‘
example is around 20mm. I attribute it to the Cantii-
Dubnovellaunus.

7 Mack, (1975: 103)

8 Van Arsdell, (1989: 99)
22
41 Cantii- Dubnovellaunus-in-Kent, Quarter Stater
c. 30-23 B.C.
AV 11mm 1.28g -
Obv: Blank, Convex
Rev: Horse prancing right, above annulet and pellet,
Beneath: pentagram, border of dots
M3.716.25

42 Cantii- Dubnovellaunus-in-Kent, Stater

c. 23-17 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.16g -
Obv: Plain, Convex
Rev: “--- VNOS” (above) Horse galloping right. three
pellets and ring ornaments in field
Coats 9.54

43 Cantii- Vosenos, Stater

c. 10-5 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.28g -
Obv: Plain, two ridges running across flan
Rev: Barbaric horse galloping left. ; above, ring and
pellet ; Beneath, uncertain object, border of dots
Coats 9.55

44 Cantii- Vosenos, Quarter Stater

c. 10-5 B.C.
AV 11mm 1.28g -
Obv: Plain surface, with raised bands
Rev: “VOSII” (beneath) Horse prancing left.; above,
annulet containing , infront and behind pellet
M3.720.2

23
 The coinage of the Atrebates/Regni

The following coins (45-68) were struck by the

Atrebates/Regni tribe. This tribe occupied the

South of England, which is now Chichester and

Silchester (Figure 1).9 The date of their coinage

being struck ranges from c.75 B.C - 45 A.D. Their

first coinage was un-inscribed and two types were

produced: the earlier “Westerham Type” (45) and

the later “Atrebatic Abstract type” (46-58). The next coinage of the Atrebates/Regni

(which the Hunterian Museum has examples of) are those struck by Tincommius,

bearing the inscription “TINCOMMIUS” (59), the successor of “Commius the

Atrebatian”.10 Coin 59 is a rare coin and the British Museum do not have an example

of this coin. Van Arsdell only has one example of this coin, and he comments that

there are too few examples known to estimate the staters weight accurately.11 After

the coinage of Tincommius was struck the coins bore the inscription

“EPPILLUS” (60-64). Verica then assumed control of the Atrebates/Regni and

issued three successive coinage. The first coinage the Hunterian Museum has no

examples of, the second are inscribed with “COMF” on the obverse and “VIR” on

the reverse (65-66). The third coinage struck by Verica has a new design on the

obverse, “VI RI” is inscribed on either side of a vine leaf (67). The final coinage of

the Atrebates/Regni that the Hunterian Museum has an example of is that of

Epaticcus. On his coins is the inscription “EPΛTI” (68)

9 Nash, (1987: 136)

10 Caesar, (BG 4.27)
11 Van Arsdell, (1989: 132)
24
45 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Westerham Type,
Stater
c. 75-60 B.C.
AV 19mm 6.23g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, ; main feature laurel
wreath
Rev: Horse galloping left., beneath, pellet ; line of
zigzags beneath
Coats 1.5

46 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract

Type, Stater
c. 55-35 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.82g -
Obv: Laurel-wreath main feature, (very degraded),
almost blank, convex
Rev: Horse galloping right, horse has triple tail,
beneath - Chariot wheel
M3.715.11

47 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract

Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.89g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, ; main feature laurel
wreath ; (very degraded); almost plain, convex
Rev: Horse prancing right., Beneath, eight-spoke
chariot wheel, triple tail, various ornaments in field,
behind annulet, pellet in centre
Coats 2.8

48 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract

Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.9g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, ; main feature laurel
wreath ; (very degraded); almost plain, convex
Rev: Horse prancing right., Beneath, eight-spoke
chariot wheel, triple tail, various ornaments in field,
behind annulet, pellet in centre
Coats 2.9

25
49 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract
Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 16mm 6.07g -
Obv: Laurel-wreath main feature, (very degraded),
almost Blank, convex
Obv: Horse galloping right, horse has triple tail,
beneath - four spoked chariot wheel, line of
zigzags
M3.715.10
Notes: I would attribute this coin to Atrebates/Regni-
Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract Type, stater

50 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract

Type, Fractional Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 15mm 1.4g 5º
Obv: Stylised Head of apollo right, Grill-like ornament
in place of chin/mouth
Rev: Horse Galloping right, Flower/Rosette above,
Beneath; Wheel, Ornaments and pellets in field
M3.715.16

51 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract

Type, Fractional Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 15mm 1.32g 355º
Obv: Stylised Head of apollo right, Grill-like ornament
in place of chin/mouth
Rev: Horse Galloping right, Flower/Rosette above,
Beneath; Wheel, Ornaments and pellets in field
M3.715.17

26
52 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract
Type, Fractional Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 15mm 1.18g -
Obv: Stylised Head of apollo right, Grill-like ornament
in place of chin/mouth
Rev: Horse Galloping right, Flower/Rosette above,
Beneath; Wheel, Ornaments and pellets in field
M3.715.18

53 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract

Type, Fractional Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 13mm 1.29g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, laureate (degraded),
Grill-like object in place of mouth/chin
Rev: Horse galloping right. ; above, sun/flower ;
beneath six spoke chariot wheel
Coats 4.22

54 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract

Type, Fractional Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 14mm 1.37g 90º
Obv: Stylised Head of apollo right, Grill-like ornament
in place of chin/mouth
Rev: Horse Galloping right, Flower/Rosette above,
Beneath; cog-like ornament, Ornaments and pellets
in field
M3.715.19

55 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract

Type, Fractional Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 14mm 1.28g 140º
Obv: Stylised Head of apollo right, Grill-like ornament
in place of chin/mouth
Rev: Horse Galloping right, Flower/Rosette above,
Beneath; cog-like ornament, Ornaments and pellets
in field
M3.715.20

27
 56 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract
Type, Fractional Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 15mm 1.35g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, laureate (degraded),
Grill-like object in place of mouth/chin
Rev: Horse galloping right. ; above, sun/flower ;
beneath flower, annulet containing pellet
Coats 4.20

57 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Atrebatic Abstract

Type, Fractional Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 17.5mm 1.32g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, laureate (degraded),
Grill-like object in place of mouth/chin
Rev: Horse galloping right. ; above, sun/flower ;
beneath flower, annulet containing pellet
Coats 4.21

58 Atrebates/Regni- Uninscribed, Early Atrebatic

Abstract Type, Unit
c. 50-45 B.C.
AR 11mm 1.09g 140º
Obv: Human head right, with hair turned back,
Behind, Wavy line; in front, pellets
Rev: Horse galloping left; above wheel, in field and
beneath; annulets and dots
M3.717.10

59 Atrebates/Regni- Tincommius First Coinage,

Stater
c. 30-25 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.43g 190º
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, wreath occupies head,
grill-like object in space of mouth/chin
Rev: “TINC” (above) “COMMI F” (beneath)
Disjointed horse, triple-tail, running right.; various
ornaments
M3.719.1
Notes: The British Museum has the definitive
collection of coins of this type. According to Hobbs,
there is no example in the British Museum,
suggesting that this Hunterian coin is rare.12

12 In Hobbs, (1996)
28
60 Atrebates/Regni- Eppillus/Calleva, Unit
c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.17g -
Obv: “REX” (above) “CALLE” (beneath) Crescent
upwards; on either side, obscure ornament; border of
dots
Rev: “EPP” (in field left.) Eagle right., with
wings open; border of dots
M3.720.3

61 Atrebates/Regni- Eppillus/Kent, Quarter Stater

c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AV 9mm 1.19g 240º
Obv: “EPPIL COM F” across plain field border of
dots
Rev: Pegasus flying right.; beneath annulet
containing pellet
M3.720.1

62 Atrebates/Regni- Eppillus/Kent, Unit

c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.25g 240º
Obv: “VIR” (right upwards) “FO*” (left
downwards- cannot see but MacDonald suggests
presence) Young male head right., diademed; border
of dots. Obverse is clearly in the style of Roman
coinage.
Rev: “EPPI” (above) “COM F” (beneath) Capricorn
left.; border of dots. The reverse is adapted from the
denarius of Augustus- capricorn.
M3.720.2

63 Atrebates/Regni- Eppillus/Kent, Unit

c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
Bronze 15mm 2.7g -
Obv: “EPPIL” (above) Bull right., with head lowered;
border of dots. The obverse is derived from denarius
of Augustus.
Rev: Eagle, with wings open, standing to front, head
right. on other side annulet, containing pellet; border
of dots
M3.720.5

29
64 Atrebates/Regni- Eppillus/Kent, Unit
c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
Bronze 14mm 2.15g 90º
Obv: “EPPI” (to left., downards), Male head left.,
bearded.; border of dots
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; above, annulet
containing pellet; beneath, traces of letters; border of
dots
M3.720.4
Notes: British Museum does not seem to have an
example of this coin. I conclude that
these coins are rare.

65 Atrebates/Regni- Verica Second Coinage, Stater

c. 20-25 A.D.
AV 17.5mm 5.33g 40º
Obv: “COM F” in sunk tablet on plain convex
field
Rev: “VIR” (above) “REX” (beneath) Horseman
spearing downwards, right
Coats 8.50

66 Atrebates/Regni- Verica Second Coinage,

Stater
c. 20-25 A.D.
AV 17mm 5.25g 130º
Obv: “COM F” in sunk tablet on plain convex
field
Rev: “VIR” (above) “REX” (beneath) Horseman
spearing downwards, right
Coats 8.51

67 Atrebates/Regni- Verica Third Coinage, Stater

c. 25-45 A.D.
AV 17mm 5.35g 0º
Obv: “VI RI” on either side of parsley leaf
Rev: “CI F” Horseman bearing oval pointed shield ;
surrounded with circle of pellets
Coats 8.49

30
68 Atrebates/Regni- Epaticcus, Unit
c. 35- 43 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.15g 120º
Obv: “EPΛTI” (on right upwards) Head of young
Herakles right., wearing Lion’s skin; behind, obscure
symbol, border of dots
Rev: Eagle, with wings open, standing to front, head
left., grasping serpent in field right., annulet
containing pellet, border of dots
M3.723.1

31
 The coinage of the Iceni

The Iceni lived in what is today Norfolk, Suffolk

and parts of Cambridgeshire.13 The Iceni did not

use imported coinage but started striking their

coinage early. The first coins of which the

Hunterian has examples, which belong to the

Iceni, are called the “Early Freckenham

type” (69) these were struck between 45-40 B.C.

Van Arsdell states that these coins are very rare,

that there are not enough examples to decipher a standard weight of the stater and

that most examples are from a hoard named the Freckenham Horde.14 The first

Icenian coinage struck was the “Boar type” in 35-25 B.C. (70 and 71) and a later

variety was struck with the inscription “CAN DURO” (72). After some time the Iceni

produced dynastic coinage. The first were inscribed “ANTED” (73-74) between 1-25

A.D, these were the last gold issues of the Iceni. The next examples of Iceni coinage

the Hunterian collection has is that inscribed “ECEN” (75-91), these coins seem

common, however, I believe there are some

rare issues. The difficulty of individually

identifying them arises because the differences

in each coin are so small: for example some

reverses have three pellets on the shoulders of

the horses and some have two line of three

pellets etc. The last coinage of the Iceni that the

Hunterian has examples of is that of Queen Boudicca (92-95) struck in 61 A.D. Van

13 Mack, (1975: 139)

14 Van Arsdell, (1989: 184)
32
Arsdell suggests that the head on the obverse is taken from the Roman Denarii of L.

Rocius Fabatus issued in 58 B.C.15 (Figure 6). I think this is true as the comparison

is obvious, as seen in Figure 6, the Celticised head on coin 94 is very similar to the

head on the Roman coin.

69 Iceni- Uninscribed Coinage, Early Freckenham

Type, Stater
c. 45-40 B.C.
AV 23mm 5.34g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, with groups of
pellets round them ; all on sunk part of field
Rev: Horse prancing right. ; above three groups of
triangularly arranged pellets ; each group contains
three pellets, and the central one is surrounded by a
ring ; beneath, star of six rays ; in front, annulet
containing pellet
M3.727.1

70 Iceni- Uninscribed Coinage, Boar Type, Unit

c. 35-25 B.C.
AR 15mm 1.22g 20º
Obv: Boar right.; barbarous ; pellets beneath, and in
folds of tail ; border of dots
Rev: Horse prancing right.; above, above, wheel,
between two triangular groups of three pellets each;
beneath, curved figure, open beneath and containing
pellet above, placed between two groups of two
pellets each ; beneath tail, two pellets
M3.729.19

71 Iceni- Uninscribed Coinage, Boar Type, Unit

c. 35-25 B.C.
AR 12mm 0.89g -
Obv: Boar right.; barbarous ; pellet beneath, boar
most of coin
Rev: Horse prancing right.; above, above, wheel,
triangular group of three pellets left; beneath, curved
figure, open beneath and containing pellet above,
placed between two groups of two pellets each
M3.729.20

15 Van Arsdell, (1989: 213)

33
72 Iceni- Uninscribed Coinage, Boar Type-CAN DURO,
Unit
c. 25-20 B.C.
AR 12mm 1.28g 300º
Obv: Boar right.; beneath, figure
resembling letter A with annulet on the top
Rev: Inscr. above- cannot decipher
“VRO” (beneath) Horse prancing right., with trefoil
on shoulder ; beneath neck, S shaped symbol
M3.729.16

73 Iceni- ANTED, Stater

c. 1-25 A.D.
AR 14.5mm 1.10g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ATD” (beneath ; first letter, partly formed by
left hind-leg of horse) Horse prancing right, bushy
mane ; above, rosette of pellets ; below, triangle
made of three pellets
M3.729.13

74 Iceni- ANTED, Stater

c. 1-25 A.D.
AR 13mm 1.25g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ATD” (beneath ; first letter, partly formed of
left hind-leg of horse) Horse prancing right, bushy
mane ; above, rosette of pellets ; below, triangle
made of three pellets
M3.729.14

75 Iceni- ECEN, Unit

c. 25-38 A.D.
AR 15mm 1.23g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “[EC]EN” (beneath) Horse with bushy mane
galloping right. ; beneath neck, S-shaped symbol ;
above, three pellets ; beneath tail, two pellets ; on
shoulder, three pellets
M3.727.2

34
76 Iceni- ECEN, Unit
c. 25-38 A.D.
AR 14.5mm 1.24g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ECEN” (beneath) Horse with bushy mane
galloping right. ; beneath neck, S-shaped symbol ;
above, three pellets ; beneath tail, two pellets ; on
shoulder, three pellets
M3.728.

77 Iceni- ECEN, Unit

c. 25-38 A.D.
AR 13mm 1.25g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ECEN” (beneath) Horse with bushy mane
galloping right. ; beneath neck, S-shaped symbol ;
above, three pellets ; beneath tail, two pellets ; on
shoulder, three pellets
M3.728.5

78 Iceni- ECEN, Unit

c. 25-38 A.D.
AR 13mm 1.21g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ECEN” (beneath) Horse with bushy mane
galloping right. ; beneath neck, S-shaped symbol ;
above, three pellets ; beneath tail, two pellets ; on
shoulder, three pellets
M3.728.6

79 Iceni- ECEN, Unit

c. 25-38 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.04g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back; their ends are
joined by two lines from which a wreath springs on
either side.
Rev: “ECEN” (beneath) Horse galloping right ;
Above a wreath, below tail two pellets, and below
body three pellets diagonally. S beneath head. Three
pellets on shoulder of horse
Coats 11.68

35
80 Iceni- ECEN, Unit
c. 25-38 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.02g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back; their ends are
joined by two lines from which a wreath springs on
either side.
Rev: “ECE” (beneath) Horse galloping right ;
(degraded)
Coats 11.69

81 Iceni- ECEN, Minim

c. 38-40 A.D.
AR 10.5mm 0.56g Cast
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: Strange creature/object with four rods from
centre pellet. Possibly a horses head?
M3.729.15
Notes: Only other example is in Van Arsdell, this coin
is rare and important to the Hunterian collection.

82 Iceni- ECEN Symbol Type, Unit

c. 40-45 A.D.
AR 13mm 1.34g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: Horse with bushy mane galloping right. ; above,
four pellets, inscription off coin
M3.728.3

83 Iceni- ECEN Symbol Type, Unit

c. 40-45 A.D.
AR 12.5mm 1.14g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back; their ends are
joined by two lines from which a wreath springs on
either side.
Rev: No inscr. visible ; Horse galloping right ;
beneath, three pellets diagonally
Coats 12.71

84 Iceni- ECEN Symbol Type, Unit

c. 40-45 A.D.
AR 13.5mm 1.11g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back; their ends are
joined by two lines from which a wreath springs on
either side.
Rev: No inscr. visible ; Horse galloping right ; above,
rosette of pellets ; beneath, three pellets
diagonally
Coats 12.72
36
85 Iceni- ECEN, Unit
c. 45-50 A.D.
AR 13mm 1.24g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ECE” (beneath) Horse standing right., pawing
with right foreleg ; trefoil on shoulder ; beneath neck,
S ; above, rosette of pellets
M3.728.7

86 Iceni- ECEN, Unit

c. 45-50 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.31g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ECE” (beneath) Horse standing right., pawing
with right foreleg ; trefoil on shoulder ; beneath neck,
S ; above, rosette of pellets
M3.728.8

87 Iceni- ECEN, Unit

c. 45-50 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.22g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ECE” (beneath) Horse standing right., pawing
with right foreleg ; trefoil on shoulder ; beneath neck,
S ; above, rosette of pellets
M3.728.10

88 Iceni- ECEN, Unit

c. 45-50 A.D.
AR 12mm 1.26g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ECE” (beneath) Horse prancing right. ; its
forelegs not connected to body from knee upwards ;
Double row of pellets on shoulder ; above, pellets ; S
below neck
M3.728.11

89 Iceni- ECEN, Unit

c. 45-50 A.D.
AR 12mm 0.85g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back; their ends are
joined by two lines from which a wreath is joined on
either side.
Rev: “E” (beneath) Horse to right, two rows of three
pellets on shoulder.
Coats 12.70
37
 90 Iceni- ECEN, Unit
c. 45-50 A.D.
AR 11mm 1.28g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ECE” (beneath) Horse prancing right. ; its
forelegs broken from body from knee upwards ;
three pellets on shoulder ; above, pellets ; S below
neck
M3.728.9

91 Iceni- ECEN, Unit

c. 45-50 A.D.
AR 10mm 0.48g -
Obv: Two crescents back to back, degradation of
laurel-wreath
Rev: “ECIV” (beneath) Horse with bushy mane
prancing galloping right ; beneath, pellet ; behind
pellet, below tail
M3.728.12
Notes: Page 385 in Evans discusses this coin, from
the Hunter collection.16 He suggests that the coin
inscription actually reads “ECEN” and that the coin
is just in poor condition. However, I believe the coin
is not in poor condition, and that the inscription does
read “ECIV”. There is not enough space between
the letters to be “ECEN”. There are no examples of
the same coin in Van Arsdell, Mack or Hobbs. I would
attribute it to the Iceni- ECEN, unit type because of
the style of the coin. The coin is 3-4 mm smaller than
other similar coins and the weight is considerably
less. The weight is 0.48g whereas other similar coins
range from 1.20g-1.31g- It could be a forgery?

92 Iceni- Boudicca, Queen Boudicca Type, Unit

c. 61 A.D.
AR 13mm 1.24g 190º
Obv: Barbarous head right, ; behind, Branch
Rev: Horse galloping right.; above, triangular
ornament with in circle of pellets ; beneath, diamond
shape object, sides curved inwards, pellet at each
angle
Coats 12.73

16 Evans, (1908: 385)

38
93 Iceni- Boudicca, Queen Boudicca Type, Unit
c. 61 A.D.
AR 14mm 0.99g 220º
Obv: Barbarous head right, ; behind, Branch
Rev: Horse galloping right.; above, triangular
ornament with in circle of pellets ; beneath, diamond
shape object, sides curved inwards, pellet at each
angle
Coats 12.74

94 Iceni- Boudicca, Queen Boudicca Type, Unit

c. 61 A.D.
AR 17.5mm 1.30g 70º
Obv: Barbarous head right, ; no neck shown ;
behind, branch ; beneath, triangle of pellets ; in front,
two triangles of leaves ; border of dots
Rev: Horse prancing right. ; both forelegs continued
in relief across shoulder ; above and beneath body,
elaborate geometrical pattern ; above and beneath
tail, a pellet
M3.729.17

95 Iceni- Boudicca, Queen Boudicca Type, Unit

c. 61 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.26g 320º
Obv: Barbarous head right, ; no neck shown ;
behind, branch ; beneath, triangle of pellets ; in front,
two triangles of leaves ; border of dots
Rev: Horse prancing right. ; both forelegs continued
in relief across shoulder ; above and beneath body,
elaborate geometrical pattern ; above and beneath
tail, a pellet
M3.729.18

39
 The coinage of the Corieltauvi

The Corieltauvi occupied Lincolnshire,

Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and parts of

Derbyshire and parts of Yorkshire.17 The first silver

coinage of the Corieltauvi is thought to have a

similar Celticised obverse as the reverse of a

Roman Republican denarii of Hostidius C.F. Geta

and this is where the coin gets its name “Hostidius

type” (96).18 The Roman denarii of Hostidius Geta has a wolf suckling on a boar on

the reverse (Figure 8), the Hostidius type has a boar on the obverse and also some

pellets below the boar which could represent the wolf. The next coins attributed to

the Corieltauvi, that the Hunterian has examples of, is the dynastic coinage inscribed

“AVN AST”- Van Arsdell states that this

coin is extremely rare and only

estimates of its standard weight can be

made (97).19 The final coins of this tribe

that the Hunterian holds in its collection

are those inscribed “VOLISIOS

DUMNOCOVEROS” (98-101) These

are also considered reasonably rare and

were struck between 20-35 A.D.

17 De Jersey, (1996: 45)

18 Van Arsdell, (1989: 237)
19 Van Arsdell, (1989: 247)
40
96 Corieltauvi- Uninscribed Coinage, Hostidius
Type, Unit
c. 55-45 B.C.
AR 15mm 1.15g 340º
Obv: Boar right.; above, beaded torques ; above and
beneath head, beneath body, and above tail, annulet
containing large pellet
Rev: Horse running left., its forelegs bifurcated from
knee upwards ; ornaments as on obv., with small
pellet below tail
M3.730.21
Notes: The British Museum in Hobbs’ catalogue does
not have an example, neither does Evans. This is a
rare example.

97 Corieltauvi- AVN AST, Unit

c. 5-1 B.C.
AR 14mm 0.92g -
Obv: Convex, plain
Rev: “ΛVN” (above) Horse galloping left. ; beneath
traces of an inscription
M3.730.3

98 Corieltauvi- “VOLISIOS DUMNOCOVEROS”,

Stater
c. 20-35 A.D.
AV 19mm 5.22g 140º
Obv: “VO DI SI O[S]” Inscr. in tablet of two
compartments placed at right angles to (degraded)
laurel-wreath
Rev: “DVM NOCO VER” (around from above,
towards right) Horse galloping left. ; barbarous ;
beneath neck, triangle of pellets
M3.730.1

99 Corieltauvi- “VOLISIOS DUMNOCOVEROS”,

Stater
c. 20-35 A.D.
AV 20mm 5.16g 260º
Obv: “VO DI SI O[S]” Inscr. in tablet of two
compartments placed at right angles to (degraded)
laurel-wreath
Rev: “DVM NOCO VER” (around from above,
towards right) Horse galloping left. ; barbarous ;
beneath neck, triangle of pellets
M3.730.2
41
100 Corieltauvi- “VOLISIOS DUMNOCOVEROS”,
Stater
c. 20-35 A.D.
AV 19mm 5.38g -
Obv: “VO DI SI O[S]” Inscr. in tablet of two
compartments placed at right angles to (degraded)
laurel-wreath
Rev: “DVM NOCO VER” (around from above,
towards right) Horse galloping left. ; barbarous ;
beneath neck, triangle of pellets
Coats 12.75

101 Corieltauvi- “VOLISIOS DUMNOCOVEROS”,

Stater
c. 20-35 A.D.
AV 18mm 4.48g -
Obv: “VO DI SI O[S]” Inscr. in tablet of two
compartments placed at right angles to (degraded)
laurel-wreath
Rev: “DVM NOCO VER” (around from above,
towards right) Horse galloping left. ; barbarous ;
beneath neck, triangle of pellets
Coats 12.76

42
 The coinage of the Dobunni

The Dobunni occupied the areas of

Gloucestershire, and parts of Herefordshire,

Worcestershire, Somerset and Oxfordshire.20

The first coinage struck by the Dobunni were

the uninscribed “Dobunnic abstract type” (102).

They then advanced to striking dynastic issues.

There is a scholarly debate as to which order in

which these coins were made. This dissertation will not delve into this subject and

follow the order that Van Arsdell sets.21 The Hunterian has examples of the coins

inscribed “CORIO” (103-106). The leader “BODVOC” succeeded Corio, he

removed the iconic fern-leaf from the obverse of his coinage and replaced it with his

inscription (107-111). “ANTEDRIG” soon assumed control of the tribe after Bodvoc

and restored the fern-leaf to the obverse of his coins (112, 114-117). Coin 113 was

previously thought to belong to Antedrig but the inscription clearly reads “COMVX”.

The remainder of the leaders of this tribe followed this example and “COMVX” (113

and 118) and “CATTI” (119) kept the fern-leaf image on the obverse of there coins.

102 Dobunni- Uninscribed Coinage, Dobunnic Abstract

Type, Quarter Stater
c. 35-30 B.C.
AV 13mm 1.28g -
Obv: Plain, convex, apart from a few irregular shapes
- most probably from Laurel wreath ornament
Rev: Horse galloping right. ; above, wheel ; beneath,
an S-shaped object ; pellets and annulets in field
Coats 3.19

20 Mack, (1975: 127)

21 Van Arsdell, (1989: 266-268)
43
103 Dobunni- CORIO, Stater
c. 30-15 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.5g 290º
Obv: Object resembling Fern-leaf, on convex
field
Rev: “CORIO” (from left upwards) Horse running
right, beneath wheel, several ornaments in field
M3.719.3

104 Dobunni- CORIO, (Forgery)

AR 18mm 3.92g 30º
Obv: Object resembling Fern-leaf, on convex
field
Rev: “CORIO” (from left upwards) Horse running
right, beneath wheel, several ornaments in field
M3.719.5
Notes: I believe this to be a forgery. The size of the
coin does not match up correctly to the weight of the
coin. The fern-leaf does not look similar to other
fern-leaves on the coins inscribed “CORIO”, it is far
too rounded. On the revers the outer ridge of the coin
has been made flat, but the inner of the image is still
intact- this looks like a deliberate action.

105 Dobunni- CORIO, Unit

c. 30-15 B.C.
AR 13mm 1.22g 290º
Obv: Human head right (Outline), various ornaments
in field
Rev: Horse galloping left, horse has triple tail; various
ornaments in field
M3.717.7

44
106 Dobunni- CORIO, Unit
c. 30-15 B.C.
AR 13mm 1.04g 270º
Obv: Human head right, various ornaments in field
(very degraded)
Rev: Horse galloping left, horse has triple tail; various
ornaments in field (very degraded)
M3.717.8

107 The Dobunni- BODVOC, Corio Head Type Class D,

Unit
c. 30-15 B.C.
AR 19mm 0.9g -
Obv: Human head right, various ornaments in field
Rev: Horse galloping left, horse has triple tail; various
ornaments in field
Coats 14.78

108 The Dobunni- BODVOC, Corio Head Type Class D,

Unit
c. 30-15 B.C.
AR 13mm 1.05g -
Obv: Barbarous head right, ; in front S-like objects
and pellets
Rev: Horse galloping left with number of pellets in
field ; triple tail
Coats 5.31

109 The Dobunni- BODVOC, Corio Head Type Class D,

Unit
c. 30-15 B.C.
AR 13mm 0.82g 250º
Obv: Human head right, various ornaments in field
Rev: Horse galloping left, horse has triple tail; various
ornaments in field
M3.717.9

110 The Dobunni- BODVOC, Stater

15-10 B.C.
AV 17.5mm 5.46g 50º
Obv: “BODVO[C]” in large letters across field
Rev: Disjointed horse, triple tail, running right.;
Beneath, Wheel; in field, various ornaments
M3.718.1

45
111 The Dobunni- BODVOC, Stater
c 15-10 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.45g 40º
Obv: “BODVO[C]” in large letters across field
Rev: Disjointed horse, triple tail, running right.;
Beneath, Wheel; in field, various ornaments
M3.718.2

112 The Dobunni- ANTEDRIG, Stater

c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AV 17mm 5.42g 240º
Obv: Object resembling Fern-leaf, on convex
field
Rev: “ANTEϴ OV” inscription; MacDonald
suggests inscription reads “ANTEϴ R I G OV” -
unclear. Horse right, beneath, wheel
M3.719.4

113 The Dobunni- COMVX, Stater

c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AV 17.5mm 5.03g 10º
Obv: Object resembling Fern-leaf, on convex
field
Rev: “COMVX” (inscr above) Horse galloping right,
triple tail ; beneath, six spoke chariot
wheel, various ornaments in field
Coats 7.47

114 The Dobunni- ANTEDRIG, Stater

c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AV 18mm 5.55g 350º
Obv: Object resembling Fern-leaf, on convex
field
Rev: “ANTED” (inscr above) Biga galloping right, V
behind horse, triple tail ; beneath, six spoke chariot
wheel, various ornaments in field
Coats 8.48

46
115 The Dobunni- ANTEDRIG, Antedrig Head Type,
Unit
c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AR 13.5mm 1.15g -
Obv: Barbarous head right, ; in front S-like objects
and pellets
Rev: Horse galloping left with number of pellets in
field ; triple tail
Coats 5.32

116 The Dobunni- ANTEDRIG, Antedrig Head Type,

Unit
c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D
AR 13.5mm 1.26g -
Obv: Barbarous head right, ; in front S-like objects
and pellets
Rev: Horse galloping left with number of pellets in
field ; triple tail
Coats 6.33

117 The Dobunni- ANTEDRIG, Unit

c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AR 13mm 1.04g 300º
Obv: Very barbarous head right.; border of dots
Rev: “TID” (above) “AN” (beneath) Triple-tailed
horse running left.; in field, various ornaments
M3.719.6

118 The Dobunni- COMVX, Stater

c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AV 18mm 5.42g 140º
Obv: Object resembling Fern-leaf, on convex
field
Rev: “COMVX” (inscr above) Biga galloping right,
triple tail, triangle made of three pellets beneath tail ;
beneath, six spoke chariot wheel, various ornaments
in field
Coats 7.46

119 The Dobunni- CATTI, Eisv Head type, Unit

c. 15-30 A.D.
AR 13mm 1.07g -
Obv: Very barbarous head right.; border of dots
Rev: “SV” (beneath) Triple-tailed horse running left.;
in field, various ornaments
M3.719.7
47
 Coinage of the Durotriges

The Durotriges belonged in the area of Dorset,

parts of Somerset, West Hampshire and

Wiltshire.22 The Durotriges seemed not to follow

examples set by Rome, Greece and other Celtic

tribes in inscribing their coins as all of their coins

are uninscribed. The coins 120-126 and 136-152

in this section have never been catalogued or

discussed as they came from a small “Tin Hoard”

which was donated to the Hunterian Museum. The first coinage of the Durotriges that

the Hunterian has in its collection are the “Abstract type” coins (120-126), followed by

the “Pellet and Ring type” (127-132). The next type of coins of the Durotriges struck

that are in the Hunterian collection is the “Struck Bronze Type” (133-135). The

Durotriges then began to cast their coins rather than strike them which gives us the

“Cast Bronzes” (136-152). These coins also follow the example of Philip II of

Macedon’s gold staters Obv: Head of Apollo and Rev: Chariot (Figure 2) and silver

coins Obv: Head of Zeus and Rev: Rider on Horseback (Figure 2.1). The main

features of these Celtic coins has degraded into the laurel wreath of Apollo/Zeus and

the eye and on the reverse a very Celticised outline of a horse.

22 De Jersey, (1996: 39)

48
120 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Abstract Type,
Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR/Bronze 17.5mm 3.59g -
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath; pellets in field
Rev: Celtic horse, lines rather than full bodied horse ;
above pellets
Hoard Tin 1

121 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Abstract Type,

Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR/Bronze 19mm 3.55g -
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath; pellets in field
Rev: Celtic horse, lines rather than full bodied horse ;
above pellets
Hoard Tin 2

122 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Abstract Type,

Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR/Bronze 19mm 3.34g -
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath; pellets in field
Rev: Celtic horse, lines rather than full bodied horse ;
above pellets
Hoard Tin 3

123 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Abstract Type,

Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR/Bronze 18mm 3.36g -
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath; pellets in field
Rev: Celtic horse, lines rather than full bodied horse ;
above pellets
Hoard Tin 4

49
124 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Abstract Type,
Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR/Bronze 17.5mm 3.05g -
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath; pellets in field
Rev: Celtic horse, lines rather than full bodied horse ;
above pellets
Hoard Tin 5

125 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Abstract Type,

Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR/Bronze 18.5mm 3.03g -
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath; pellets in field
Rev: Celtic horse, lines rather than full bodied horse ;
above pellets
Hoard Tin 6

126 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Abstract Type,

Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR/Bronze 20mm 2.51g -
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath; pellets in field
Rev: Celtic horse, lines rather than full bodied horse ;
above pellets
Hoard Tin 7

127 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Pellet and Ring

Type, Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR 19mm 5.02g 90º
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, Laureate
Rev: Horse prancing left, Above: Pellets, Beneath:
Pellet, Ornament in field
M3.716.1

128 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Pellet and Ring

Type, Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR 18mm 5.34g 330º
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, Laureate
Rev: Horse prancing left, Above: Pellets, Beneath:
Pellet, Ornament in field
M3.716.2
50
129 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Pellet and Ring
Type, Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR 18mm 4.34g 180º
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, Laureate (degraded)
Rev: Horse prancing left, Above: Pellets, Beneath:
Pellet, Ornament in field (degraded)
M3.716.3

130 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Pellet and Ring

Type, Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR 20mm 4.11g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, Laureate (degraded)
Rev: Horse prancing left, Above: Pellets, Beneath:
Pellet, Ornament in field (degraded)
M3.716.4

131 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Pellet and Ring

Type, Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR 20mm 3.89g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, Laureate (degraded)
Rev: Horse prancing left, Above: Pellets, Beneath:
Pellet, Ornament in field (degraded)
M3.716.5

132 Durotriges- Uninscribed Coinage, Pellet and Ring

Type, Stater
c. 58-45 B.C.
AR 18mm 3.56g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, Laureate (degraded)
Rev: Horse prancing left, Above: Pellets, Beneath:
Pellet, Ornament in field (degraded)
M3.716.6

133 Durotriges-Struck Bronze Type

c.30 B.C-10 A.D.
Bronze 20mm 4.25g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, laureate (degraded)
Rev: Horse left, (very degraded)
M3.717.1

51
134 Durotriges- Struck Bronze Type
c. 30 B.C-10 A.D.
Bronze 19mm 4.2g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, laureate (degraded)
Rev: Pellets, Horse off edge of coin
M3.717.2

135 Durotriges- Struck Bronze Type,

c. 30 B.C-10 A.D.
Bronze 17mm 4.24g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, laureate (degraded)
Rev: Pellets, Horse off edge of coin
M3.717.3

136 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 17mm 1.7g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; C-like object in eye ; pellets in
field
Rev: Six pellets, in two lines, Corroded
Hoard Tin 8

137 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 17mm 1.9g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath;
Rev: Branch-like object above ; pellet surrounded
with crescents in centre ; three pellets beneath
Hoard Tin 9

138 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 15.5mm 2.71g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath;
Obv: Pellets fill space ; centre deteriorated
Hoard Tin 10

52
139 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit
c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 15.5mm 2.16g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath; Pellets in field
Rev: Six pellets
Hoard Tin11

140 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 16mm 2.34g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Crescent in centre ; pellets in field
Hoard Tin 12

141 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 17mm 2.25g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Circle of pellets ; centre pellet
Hoard Tin 13

142 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 15mm 2.58g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Circle of pellets, with continuing inner circle of
pellets
Hoard Tin 14

143 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 17mm 2.87g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Several pellets
Hoard Tin 15

53
144 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit
c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 17.5mm 2.72g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Several pellets
Hoard Tin 16

145 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 15.5mm 1.99g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Several pellets
Hoard Tin 17

146 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 15.5mm 2.59g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Several pellets
Hoard Tin 18

147 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 16.5mm 2.57g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Several pellets
Hoard Tin 19

148 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 15.5mm 1.92g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Several pellets
Hoard Tin 20

54
149 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit
c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 15mm 1.88g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Several pellets
Hoard Tin 21

150 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 19mm 1.7g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Several pellets
Hoard Tin 22

151 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 16mm 2.76g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Six Pellets in a circle ; centre pellet
Hoard Tin 23

152 Durotriges- Cast Bronzes, Cast Bronze, Unit

c. 10-45 A.D.
Bronze 17mm 1.91g Cast
Obv: Degradation of head of Apollo ; main features,
Eye, Laurel-wreath ; Pellets in field
Rev: Six Pellets in a circle ; centre pellet
Hoard Tin 24

55
 The coinage of the Trinovantes/Catuvellaunian

The Trinovantes/Catuvellaunian occupied the area

North of the Thames. They were surrounded by the

Atrebates/Regni and the Cantii to the south, the

Iceni on the north-east, and to the west by the

Dobunni.23 Caesar mentions that the “Trinovantes

were probably the most powerful tribe in south-

eastern Britain”.24 It was originally thought that the

Trinovantes and the Catuvellaunian were two

separate tribes, as seen in Mack (1975), however, now it is assumed that these two

tribes became one because the coinage is seen as belonging to a single economic

group and therefore a united tribe. The “Whaddon chase type” (153-159) and “Middle

Whaddon chase type” (160) are the earliest coins struck by the Trinovantes/

Catuvellaunian that the Hunterian has examples of. The coinage Addedomaros

(161-164) is the next set of coins the Hunterian has in its collection, these are also a

degradation of the coins of Philip II of Macedon (Figure 2 and 2.1). The Hunterian

Museum also has coins associated with Dubnovellaunus-in-Essex (165-166, which is

not to be confused with the Dubnovellaunus-in-Kent (discussed earlier), they are

separate rulers). Succeeding Dubnovellaunus was Tasciovaunus (167-181). It is

clear that his coins were increasingly influenced by Roman iconography. The horses

on his coinage become more realistic as his reign lasts longer, thus less Celticised.

Coin 175 is clearly derived from the Roman denarii of Augustus portraying the head

of Augustus on the obverse and a bull on the reverse (Figure 12). The Hunterian also

holds issues from Sego (182) and Dias (183-185) which also become more

23 Van Arsdell, (1989: 320)

24 Caesar, (BG 5.20)
56
Romanized. Finally, the Hunterian

has a lot of examples of coins

produced by Cunobeline (186-215).

Cunobeline carries on the trend of

Romanization of his coins, set by

Tascioaunus. This is clearly

illustrated on coin 202 which is adapted from the Roman denarius of C.Vibius

Varius.25 Coin 202 has Hercules on the obverse standing with his club and lion skin,

similarly, C.Vibius Varius has this image on the reverse of his denarius (Figure 13).

Many other of Cunobeline’s coins have

similarities to Roman coins.

153 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Uninscribed Coinage,

Whaddon Chase Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 17.5 5.87 -
Obv: Head of Apollo, Right, ; main feature laurel
wreath
Rev: Horse galloping right.; Ex line- irregular scrolls
to right. above, pellet beneath
Coats 3.15

25 Van Arsdell, (1989: 417)

57
154 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Uninscribed Coinage,
Whaddon Chase Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.81g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, laureate main feature
Rev: Horse galloping right with Nike above
(degraded), beneath round shield
M3.714.7

155 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Uninscribed Coinage,

Whaddon Chase Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.84g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, ; main feature laurel
wreath
Rev: Horse galloping right.; Irregular scrolls
to right. above, pellet beneath
Coats 2.10

156 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Uninscribed Coinage,

Whaddon Chase Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.8g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, ; main feature laurel
wreath
Rev: Horse galloping right.; Ex line- irregular
scrolls to right. above, pellet beneath
Coats 2.11

157 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Uninscribed Coinage,

Whaddon Chase Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.88g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, ; main feature laurel
wreath
Rev: Horse galloping right.; irregular scrolls to right.
above, pellet beneath
Coats 2.12

58
158 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Uninscribed Coinage,
Whaddon Chase Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.72g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, ; main feature laurel
wreath
Rev: Horse galloping right.; Ex line- irregular scrolls
to right. above, pellet beneath
Coats 2.13

159 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Uninscribed Coinage,

Whaddon Chase Type, Stater
c. 55-45 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.93g -
Obv: Head of Apollo, right, ; main feature laurel
wreath
Rev: Horse galloping right.; Ex line- irregular scrolls
to right. above, pellet beneath
Coats 3.14

160 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Uninscribed Coinage,

Middle Whaddon Chase Type, Stater
c . 45-40 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.36g -
Obv: Laureate (degraded), so that the laureate is
main object
Rev: Horse prancing right., Beneath, annulet
containing pellet ; above crescent
Coats 3.16

161 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Addedomaros,

Addedomaros FIrst Coinage, Stater
c. 40-37 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.6g -
Obv: Cruciform ornament of two wreaths crossing,
one being continuous, the other broken at centre by
two open crescents back to back
Rev: Traces of inscr. at edges of flan ; Horse
prancing right. behind and above, annulet containing
pellet; below wheel and pellet
Coats 11.67

59
162 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Addedomaros,
Addedomaros Second Coinage, Stater
c. 37-33 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.37g -
Obv: Star shaped object, formed of six wreaths, three
ornaments in centre, formed from degradation of
Laurel-wreath
Rev: Horse prancing right. ; above three ornaments
of peculiar shape, grouped in a triangle;in front,
pellet, with annulet containing pellet, above and
beneath border of dots
M3.727.1

163 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Addedomaros,

Addedomaros Second Coinage, Stater
c. 37-33 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.47g -
Obv: Star shaped object, formed of six wreaths, three
ornaments in centre, formed from degradation of
Laurel-wreath
Rev: Horse prancing right. ; above three ornaments
of peculiar shape, grouped in a triangle; beneath,
wing-like object
M3.727.2

164 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Addedomaros,

Addedomaros Second Coinage, Stater
c. 37-33 B.C.
AV 16mm 5.5g -
Obv: Star shaped object, formed of six wreaths, three
ornaments in centre, formed from degradation of
Laurel-wreath
Rev: Horse prancing right. ; above three ornaments
of peculiar shape, grouped in a triangle; beneath,
wing-like object ; in front, pellet, with annulet
containing pellet, above and beneath border of dots
Coats 11.66

165 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Dubnovellaunus-in-Essex,

Stater
c. 30-25 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.54g -
Obv: Two wreaths ending in two crescents back to
back, with pellet in annulet either side
Rev: “DVBN” (above) Horse galloping left ; Beneath
pellet in annulet and branch ; above. pellet in annulet
Coats 8.52

60
166 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Dubnovellaunus-in-Essex,
Stater
c. 30-25 B.C.
AV 16mm 5.51g -
Obv: Two wreaths ending in two crescents back to
back, with pellet in annulet either side
Rev: Horse galloping left ; Beneath pellet in annulet
and branch ; above. pellet in annulet
Coats 8.53

167 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

First Coinage, Stater
c. 25-20 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.42g -
Obv: Cruciform ornament, the arms composed of
wreaths, the centre of two crescents, back to back,
and four annulets, each containing pellet; in the
angles, various ornaments
Rev: “[TΛ] SCIΛV Λ[N]” (from left upwards) Horse
galloping right.; above, bucranium, and rosette of
pellets; in field and beneath, various ornaments
M3.721.1

168 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

First Coinage, Stater
c. 25-20 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.55g -
Obv: Cruciform ornament, degradation of laurel-
wreath
Rev: “TAXI” (above) Horse galloping right. ; Above,
wreath and trophy, sun ; beneath, serpent-like object,
pellets and annulet in field
Coats 9.56

169 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

First Coinage, Unit
c. 25-20 B.C.
Bronze 15.5mm 1.67g 340º
Obv: Two heads in profile right.; the nearer one
bearded
Rev: “TASC” (above) Horse standing to left., Above
and beneath, rosette
Coats 9.58

61
170 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus
First Coinage, Stater
c. 25-20 B.C.
Bronze 14mm 2.38g -
Obv: Cruciform ornament, Developed from laurel
wreath of Apollo
Rev: Boar running right.; above, crescent upwards.
Possible inscri. “VE R”
M3.722.15

171 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

Second Coinage, Stater
c. 20-10 B.C.
AV 17mm 5.4g -
Obv: Cruciform ornament, degradation of laurel-
wreath
Rev: “TASC V” (Around); Horseman galloping right. ;
brandishing speak/scepter ; Wheel behind ; three
pellets in triangle in front ; exergual line
Coats 9.57

172 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

Second Coinage, Unit
c. 20 - 15 B.C.
AR 13mm 1.49g 90º
Obv: “VER” inscr, in plain field, border of dots.
Rev: Horseman galloping right.; wearing diadem with
streaming ends; (Macedonian cap?) border of dots
M3.722.6

173 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

Second Coinage, Unit
c.20 - 15 B.C.
AR 13mm 1.05g -
Obv: “VER” inscr, in plain field, border of dots.
Rev: Horseman galloping right.; wearing diadem with
streaming ends; (Macedonian cap?) border of dots
M3.722.7

174 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

Third Coinage, Stater
c.20 - 15 B.C.
AV 18mm 5.45g 170º
Obv: “TASCI RICONI” (perhaps?) inscr on tablet,
placed on ornamental background
Rev: Horseman, wearing helmet and cuirass,
galloping left., he holds sword in raised right hand.
and and shield on left arm.; beneath annulet,
containing pellet; border of dots
M3.721.2

62
175 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus
Third Coinage, Unit
c. 15 - 10 B.C.
AR 13mm 1.12g 230º
Obv: “TΛSCIΛ” (to right upwards) Young Male head
right, laureate.; border of dots
Rev: Bull left., with head lowered, tail in air and right
forefoot raised; above pellet, zigzag border
M3.721.5

176 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

Third Coinage, Unit
c. 15 - 10 B.C.
AR 12mm 1.51g 310º
Obv: “TASC” inscr on tablet across field, enclosed
with two circles outer of dots
Rev: Horseman galloping left., carrying large oblong
shield, which conceals his body and legs
M3.721.4

177 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

Third Coinage, Unit
c. 15 - 10 B.C.
Bronze 16mm 1.68g -
Obv: “VERLAMIO” Letters inscr. placed between he
rays of a star-like object,
Rev: Bull standing left., raising right foreleg and
holding tail in air; all within wreath
M3.722.9

178 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

Third Coinage, Unit
c. 15 - 10 B.C.
Bronze 16mm 1.7g -
Obv: “VERLAMIO” Letters inscr. placed between he
rays of a star-like object
Rev: Bull standing left., raising right foreleg and
holding tail in air; all within wreath
M3.722.10

179 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

Third Coinage, Unit
c. 15 - 10 B.C.
Bronze 16mm 1.99g -
Obv: Elaborate geometrical pattern, with “X” in
centre, border of dots
Rev: “TA SCI” (from left downwards) Horse galloping
left,; above; pellet, annulet containing pellet
M3.722.11

63
180 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus
Third Coinage, Unit
c. 15 - 10 B.C.
Bronze 20mm 5.8g 30º
Obv: “TΛSCIΛ VΛ” (from right upwards) Young male
head right,; bare; border of dots
Rev: “TΛS” (from left downwards) Pegasus standing
left., raising right foreleg; border of dots
M3.722.8

181 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Tasciovanus, Tasciovanus

Third Coinage, Unit
c. 15 - 10 B.C.
Bronze 12.5mm 1.36g 0º
Obv: Lion/wolf right., with head turned back and tail
in air; border of dots
Rev: Sphinx, with open wings, advancing left.;
beneath, pellets ; border of dots
M3.725.12

182 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- The Interregnum, Sego,

Stater
c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
AV 17mm 5.47g 180º
Obv: “TASCIO” Inscr on tablet, placed across field,
above and beneath, wheel of four spokes, annulets
and pellets on flanks
Rev: Horseman galloping right., holding behind him,
in extended right arm Gaulish trumpet; in ex; annulet
containing pellet; to right upwards; “SEGO”
M3.721.3

183 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- The Interregnum, Dias,

Unit
c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
Bronze 14mm 1.73g 120º
Obv: Inscr. around cannot decipher. “TΛSC [---]”
(from left downwards) Male head right., bearded;
border of dots
Rev: Centaur prancing right., playing on double flute;
above, crescent upwards; in front, annulet containing
pellet; border of dots
M3.722.12

64
184 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- The Interregnum, Dias,
Unit
c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
Bronze 15mm 1.7g 180º
Obv: Inscr. around cannot decipher. “[---] CIΛV”
Male head right., bearded; border of dots
Rev: Centaur prancing right., playing on double flute;
above, crescent upwards; in front, annulet containing
pellet; border of dots
M3.722.13

185 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- The Interregnum, Dias,

Unit
c. 10 B.C- 10 A.D.
Bronze 13.5mm 1.44g 210º
Obv: Inscr. around cannot decipher. “[-ΛS-] [---]”
Male head right., bearded; border of dots
Rev: “VIR” (beneath) Centaur prancing right.,
playing on double flute; above, crescent upwards; in
front, annulet containing pellet; border of dots
M3.722.14

186 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Cunobeline

Biga Type, Stater
c. 10-20 A.D.
AV 16mm 5.45g 200º
Obv: “CAMVL” letters of inscr. on a tablet with
beaded edges, which has developed from laurel-
wreath
Rev: “[C]VNOBELI” (beneath) Two horses galloping
left.; above, large leaf and pellet; beneath, Horses,
wheel; beneath tails, pellet
M3.723.1

187 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Cunobeline

Linear Type, Stater
c. 10-20 A.D.
AV 17mm 5.31g 230º
Obv: “CA M” (across field) Ear of corn (Similar to
coins of Metapontum)
Rev: “CVN” (beneath) Horse prancing right ; above,
Branch, below and above branch, pellet ; border of
dots
Coats 10.61

65
 188 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Cunobeline
Linear Type, Stater
c. 10-20 A.D.
AV 17mm 5.31g 230º
Obv: “CA M” (across field) Ear of corn (Similar to
coins of Metapontum)
Rev: “CVN” (beneath) Horse prancing right ; above,
Branch, below branch, pellet ; border of dots
Coats 10.62

189 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Cunobeline

Wild Type, Stater
c. 10-20 A.D.
AV 16mm 5.48g 0º
Obv: “CA MV” (across field) Ear of corn (Similar to
coins of Metapontum)
Rev: “CVN[O]” (beneath) Horse prancing right.;
above, branch/, beneath Branch - star of five rays,
beneath horse annulet containing pellet.
M3.723.3

190 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Cunobeline

Wild Type, Stater
c. 10-20 A.D.
AV 18mm 5.37g 30º
Obv: “CA MV” (across field) Ear of corn (Similar to
coins of Metapontum)
Rev: “CVNO” (beneath) Horse prancing right.;
above, branch/, beneath Branch - star of five rays,
beneath horse annulet containing pellet.
Coats 10.60

191 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Middle silver,

Unit
c. 10-20 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.09g 140º
Obv: “CVNO BELI” lines of inscr. in two
compartments of tablet; above and beneath, a star;
border of dots
Rev: “CVN” (above beneath) Horseman galloping
right., raising right hand; border of dots
M3.724.4
Notes: British Museum does not have an example of
this coin.26 Therefore, it could be rare or most are
un-discovered.

26 In Hobbs, (1996)
66
 192 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit
c. 10-20 A.D.
AR 11mm 0.86g 180º
Obv: “CVNO” (reversed) “BELI” (reversed) lines of
inscr. in two compartments of tablet; above and
beneath, a star; border of dots
Rev: Horseman galloping right., horseman holds dart
in raised right hand. no inscr. visible
M3.724.5

193 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline,

Unit
AR 14.5mm 1.34g 190º
Obv: “CVN” inscr. on tablet, border of dots
Rev: Wolf bounding left.
M3.724.6
Notes: Mack claims that his 255 is the same as
Evans’ Plate X- 4. However, Hobbs compares Mack’s
255 to Van Arsdell’s 1949-1 and Hobb’s 1858. In my
opinion Hobbs is correct Mack’s 255 is not the same
as Evans X- 4, and Ross 90 (the 90th coin in this
catalogue). They are similar, however, there is no
rosette above Ross’ 90 and Evans Plate X- 4, nor a
inscription below, as seen in Mack 255, Van Arsdell
1949-1 and Hobb’s 1858. This could be a rare issue
as none are found in Mack, Van Arsdell or
Hobbs’ catalogues.

194 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 10-20 A.D.
Bronze 13.5mm 1.21g 90º
Obv: “CVNO” (to left downwards) Young male head
left., bare; border of dots
Rev: Boar standing left.; in front, branch; above, two
stars; beneath, annulet containing pellet; border of
dots
M3.725.11
Notes: The British Museum does not have an
example of this coin.27 It could be rare.

195 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 10-20 A.D.
Bronze 16mm 2.53g -
Obv: “CVNOB” “ELINI” Lines of Inscr. in two
compartments of a table; above and beneath,
annulet containing pellet; border of dots
Rev: Nike seated left., holding wreath in extended
right arm, wing behind; border of dots
M3.724.10

27 In Hobbs, (1996)
67
196 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit
c. 10-20 A.D.
Bronze 17.5mm 2.42g -
Obv: “CVNO BELI” lines of inscr. in two
compartments of tablet; above and beneath, a ring
ornament
Rev: Winged Nike left., holding wreath
Coats 10.63

197 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 10-20 A.D.
Bronze 16mm 3.01g 330º
Obv: “CAMV” (beneath) Pegasus crouching left. ;
border of dots
Rev: “[C]V NO” (across field) Nike advancing right.,
holding wreath
M3.726.21

198 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline Classic Type,

Stater
c. 20-43 A.D.
AV 18mm 5.4g 10º
Obv: “CA MV” (across field) Ear of corn (Similar to
coins of Metapontum)
Rev: “CVNO” (beneath) Horse prancing right.;
above, branch/Eel-like object; border of dots
Coats 10.59

199 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline Classic Type,

Stater
c. 20-43 A.D.
AV 16mm 5.41g 230º
Obv: “[C]A MV” (across field) Ear of corn (Similar to
coins of Metapontum)
Rev: “CVNO” (beneath) Horse prancing right.;
above, branch/Eel-like object; border of dots
M3.723.2

200 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 20-43 A.D.
AR 14mm 1.19g 140º
Obv: “CAMVL” (to left downwards) Bearded head
left., bare; border of dots
Rev: “CVNO” (beneath) Nike seated right., holding
wreath in extended right arm, wing behind; border of
dots
M3.724.9

68
201 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit
c. 20-43 A.D.
AR 13mm 1.13g 270º
Obv: “CVNO” (on right upwards) Draped bust right.,
bare-headed; wing at shoulder; border of dots
Rev: “TΛSCIO” (on left downwards) Sphinx seated
left.; border of dots
M3.724.7

202 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 20-43 A.D.
AR 11mm 1.24g 300º
Obv: “CV NO” (across field) Hercules, naked,
standing right., holding club in right hand., and lion’s
skin on left arm; border of dots
Rev: “TΛS CIIO VΛ” (From left downwards) Human
figure (could be a female figure?) seated sideways
on panther, advancing right.; border of dots
M3.724.8

203 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 14mm 1.76g -
Obv: “[CA] MV” (from above towards right) Griffin
advancing right. ; left. forepaw raised ; border of dots
Rev: “CVN[O]” (Beneath) Horse galloping right. ;
above, star of four rays ; border of dots
M3.726.19

204 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 11.5mm 2.31g 150º
Obv: “CVNOBEL I NI” (from left downwards) Young
male head left., laureate.; border of dots.
Rev: “TAS CI OVA” (from beneath towards right)
Centaur, with flying chlamys, advancing right.,
blowing horn ; border of dots
M3.725.13

205 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 16mm 2.04g 160º
Obv: “CVNOBEL I NI” (from left downwards) Young
male head left., laureate.; border of dots.
Rev: “TAS CI OVA [NIF?]” (from beneath towards
right) Centaur, with flying chlamys, advancing right.,
blowing horn ; border of dots
Coats 10.64

69
206 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit
c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 15.5mm 2.23g 90º
Obv: “CVNO ---” (From left downwards) Young head
right.; helmeted
Rev: “TASCIIOVANII” (above, from right to left) Boar
standing right.; border of dots
M3.725.14

207 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline Warrior Type,

Unit
c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 16.5mm 2.39g 350º
Obv: “CV N[OB]” (from left., downwards) Naked
horseman prancing right., holding dart in raised right
hand and large shield on left arm ; border of dots
Rev: “TASCIIO VAN[TIS]” Helmeted warrior
standing to front, leaning with right on spear and
holding round shield on left arm ; border of dots
M3.725.15

208 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 16mm 2.41g 50º
Obv: “CVNOBE LINVSREX” (from left downwards)
Young male head right., bare; border of dots
Rev: “TASC” (beneath) Bull butting right.; border of
dots
M3.725.16

209 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline Metal-Worker

Type, Unit
c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 16mm 2.31g 260º
Obv: “CVNO BELIN” (from left downwards) Young
male head left., wearing petasos ; knotted object in
front of neck ; border of dots
Rev: “TASCIO” (from left downwards) Male figure
seated right., working with hammer at hemispherical
object. ; border of dots
Coats 11.65

70
210 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline Metal-Worker
Type, Unit
c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 15.5mm 2.22g 110º
Obv: “CVNO BELIN” (from left downwards) Young
male head left., wearing petasos ; knotted object in
front of neck ; border of dots
Rev: “TASCIO” (from left downwards) Male figure
seated right., working with hammer trophy/pot
object. ; border of dots
M3.726.17

211 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline Metal-Worker

Type, Unit
c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 16mm 2.05g 210º
Obv: “CVNO BELIN” (from left downwards) Young
male head left., wearing petasos ; knotted object in
front of neck ; border of dots
Rev: “TASCIO” (from left downwards) Male figure
seated right., working with hammer at hemispherical
object. ; border of dots
M3.726.18

212 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline Facing Horse

Type, Unit
c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 14mm 1.92g -
Obv: “CVNO” Wreath containing tablet, in which is
inscr. ; border of dots
Rev: “CAMV”(Beneath) Horse walking right. ; border
of dots
M3.726.22

213 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 16mm 1.69g 250º
Obv: “CVNO B[ELIN]” (from left downwards) Head
of Zeus Ammon left., bearded and horned ; border of
dots
Rev: “CAM” (beneath) Horseman prancing right.,
holding sword in raised right. and round shield on left
arm ; border of dots
M3.726.23

71
214 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit
c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 15.5mm 2.4g 130º
Obv: “CVNOB” (to right upwards) Head of Zeus
Ammon right., bearded and horned ; border of
dots
Rev: “CAM” (beneath) Lion recumbent right.; above,
a tree; border of dots
M3.726.24

215 Trinovantes/Catuvellauni- Cunobeline, Unit

c. 20-43 A.D.
Bronze 14mm 2.26g 110º
Obv: “CVNO” (beneath) Sphinx crouching right. ;
border of dots
Rev: “CΛ M[V]” (across field) Male figure standing
left., with garment over his shoulders he holds in
extended right hand human head with long
hair, and in left. a short staff or weapon ; behind, an
altar ; border of dots
M3.726.20

72
 The coinage of Armorica
Coins 216-237 were originally thought

by Coats and MacDonald to belong to

the Channel Islands. Current research

shows that they actually belonged to

the north-west of France, called

Armorica. Just like Iron Age Britain the

tribes inhabiting Armorica had different

names and places they occupied. De Jersey states that there are three phases of

coins from Armorica, all of the coins in the Hunterian collection are from the third

phase. Coins 216-236 are all from the Coriosolitae tribe, and De Jersey states that

they are common and 30,000 have been found in north-west France alone.28 The

coins are, similarly to those of Iron Age Britain, derived from Philip II of Macedon’s

gold and silver coins (Figure 2 and 2.1) and some of the coins (216-223) even have

the outline of the chariot rider that was on Philip II’s coins. The dating of these coins

proves difficult. De Jersey states that the hoard distribution has been interpreted as

the fleeing of the tribes members after suffering defeat to Caesar during the Gallic

war.29 This gives us the rough date of before 51 B.C and it can be presumed that the

coins were struck between 70-51 B.C.30 Coin 237 is attributed to the Baiocasses, De

Jersey does not state a date for this coin, however, it can be presumed that as it is in

the third phase of coinage for this region the date must be similar, 70-51 B.C.

28 De Jersey, (1994: 95)

29 De Jersey, (1994: 96)
30 De Jersey, (1994: 97)
73
216 Coinage of the Coriosolitae
AR 21mm 6.49g 270º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath
boar
Coats 6.38

217 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 22mm 6.2g 280º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath
boar
Coats 7.39

218 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 21mm 6.54g 110º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath
boar
Coats 7.40

219 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 19mm 6.46g 30º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath
boar
Coats 7.41

74
220 Coinage of the Coriosolitae
AR 21mm 6.58g 230º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath
boar
Coats 7.42

221 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 22mm 6.84g 100º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls; Behind: floral ornament
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath
boar
Coats 7.44

222 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 20mm 6.33g 320º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls; Behind: floral ornament
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head;
outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath boar
M3.718.1

223 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 22mm 6.52g 30º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath
boar
M3.718.8

75
224 Coinage of the Coriosolitae
AR 22mm 6.43g 175º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; beneath boar
M3.718.9

225 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 21mm 6.3g 150º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; beneath boar
M3.718.10

226 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 22mm 6.42g 130º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; beneath boar
M3.718.11

227 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 21.5mm 6.43g 320º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; beneath boar
M3.718.14

76
228 Coinage of the Coriosolitae
AR 13mm 1.37g -
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head;
Coats 7.45

229 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 21mm 6.22g 350º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls; Behind: floral ornament
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath
boar
M3.718.3

230 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 23mm 6.48g 355º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls; Behind: floral ornament
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; above Object which differs from others
M3.718.4

231 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 21.5mm 6.59g 90º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls, hair longer
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; rider, beneath,
Lyre;
M3.718.12

77
232 Coinage of the Coriosolitae
AR 23mm 6.42g 170º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls, hair longer
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; Rider, beneath,
Lyre;
M3.718.13

233 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 23mm 6.44g 180º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls; Behind: floral ornament
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, Ladder-like object in
front, beneath: boar
M3.718.5

234 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 23mm 6.11g 300º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls; Behind: floral ornament
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, Ladder-like object in
front, beneath: boar
M3.718.6

235 Coinage of the Coriosolitae

AR 20.5mm 6.35g 355º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls; Behind: floral ornament
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, holding pole; beneath
boar
M3.718.2

78
236 Coinage of the Coriosolitae
AR 23mm 6.82g 170º
Obv: Head right.; hair in three curved bands; fringe in
short curls; Behind: floral ornament
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; horse has human-like
head; outline of rider above, Ladder-like object in
front, beneath: boar
Coats 7.43

237 Coinage of the Baiocasses

AR 24mm 7.11g 140º
Obv: Head right.; considerably different, Channel
island “style”
Rev: Horse Galloping right.; Rider holds whip;
beneath, Lyre;
M3.718.7

79
 Conclusion

In conclusion, this dissertation provides a clear and concise record and catalogue of

the Iron Age British coins, and the imported coins which were circulated in Britain,

that are in the Hunterian Museum’s coin cabinet. However this achievement was not

easy. This dissertation has experienced many difficulties in identifying the coins

because they are almost 2000 years old, are often tiny and many of them can be

very worn making them difficult to study. Many of the images on the coins are so

abstract or are such a degraded version of older coins that it can be difficult to

decipher what the shapes represent, if anything. Working with these coins needs an

excellent eye for detail, perseverance and a genuine love of them to get the best out

of them and to continue on through the struggles of identification. There is also a

conflict of feelings when identifying these coins. When you do not get an exact or

similar match with a coin it can be very frustrating because you cannot find what tribe

the coin belongs too, however, it can also be exciting as it may be a rare example.

I believe coinage to be one of the most important primary sources in

studying the past, as it tells us what the specific general, emperor, monier or leader

wanted to portray about themselves and their policies. It should not be forgotten that

such coinage was very important at the time of distribution to many of the tribes in

Britain. The coinage of Iron Age Britain provides evidence that the tribes were

becoming more and more sophisticated and were beginning to expand their horizons

to begin trading with Rome and Europe. We must also remember that the coinage

which is with us today is a minor-miracle considering that 1) tribes would have

melted down each others coins to make their own, 2) invading Romans would have

melted down the local issues to strike their own coinage and 3) the coins we have

today are either one-off lost coins or a hoard, which means they had to be found by

archaeologists or metal detectorists, providing that the hoard or lost coin was not
80
found again in antiquity by the person who buried it or by another tribe and re-

purposed.

Finally, further study of this collection is needed to discuss the coins

iconography in full detail, discuss the rare issues of the collection with the attention

they deserve, produce distribution maps of how far these coins spread throughout

the Celtic world and lastly, to discover fully just how important this collection may be.

This could be a topic of a postgraduate dissertation or even a PhD thesis. For these

purposes and to connect catalogues and illustrate similar coins, as is fashionable in

numismatic catalogues, I have included after this catalogue a concordance table.

This concordance table is to link the Hunterian’s collection to similar coins in other

collections including: Evans, Hobbs, Mack and Van Arsdell’s catalogues. This

numismatic topic and specifically the Celtic/Iron Age British numismatic area is

becoming academically fashionable at this present time.

81
 Concordance Table

Ross Number Evans Number Hobbs Number Mack Number Van Arsdell Number
001 Plate A-4 - Plate 1 - 3 Plate 1- 12-1
002 Plate A-4 - Plate 1 - 3 Plate 1- 12-1
003 Plate A-4 Similar - Plate 1 - 3 Similar Plate 1- 12-1 Similar
004 Plate A-4 Similar - Plate 1 - 3 Similar Plate 1- 12-1 Similar
005 Plate A-4 Similar - Plate 1 - 3 Similar Plate 1- 12-1 Similar
006 Plate A-3 - Plate 1 - 2 Plate 1- 17-1
Plate A-3&7
007 Similar Plate 1-2 Plate 1- 17-1
008 Plate A-3 - Plate 1-2 Plate 1- 17-1
009 Plate A-5 - Plate 1-4 Plate 1- 20-1
010 Plate A-5 - Plate 1-4 Plate 1- 20-1
011 Plate D- 3, 4 - Plate 1- 8 Plate 2- 37-1
012 Plate D- 3, 4 - Plate 1- 8 Plate 2- 37-1
013 Plate D- 4 - Plate 1- 8 Plate 2- 37-1
014 Plate D- 4 - Plate 1- 8 Plate 2- 37-1
Plate 7- 145-176
015 - (Similar) - Plate 2- 42-1
016 - Plate 7- 145-152 - Plate 2- 46-1, 48-1, 48-1
017 Plate B- 8 - Plate 2- 27, 27a Plate 2- 50-1 - 56-1
018 Plate B- 8 - Plate 2- 27, 27a Plate 2- 50-1 - 56-1
019 Plate B-8 - Plate 2 - 27, 27a Plate 2- 52-1, 56-1
020 Plate B-8 - Plate 2 - 27, 27a Plate 2- 52-1, 56-1
Plate 3- 41 (Reverse
021 Plate E- 10 - Similar) Plate 3- 69-1, 69-3
Plate 3- 41 (Reverse
022 Plate E- 10 - Similar) Plate 3- 69-1, 69-3
023 Plate E- 10 - Plate 3- 41 Plate 3- 69-1
024 Plate E- 10 - Plate 3- 41 Plate 3- 69-1
025 Plate E- 10 - Plate 3- 41 Plate 3- 69-1
026 Plate E- 10 - Plate 3- 41 Plate 3- 69-1
027 Plate E- 10 - Plate 3- 41 Plate 3- 69-1
028 - - - -
029 Plate E- 12 - Plate 6- 83 Plate 10- 353-1
Plate 25- 672, 680 Plate 4- 112-1, 117-1
030 Plate H- 2 (Similar) Plate 1- 9 (Similar) (Similar), 127-1
031 Plate H- 2 Plate 25- 680 Plate 1- 9 Plate 4- 115-1
032 Plate H- 2 Plate 25- 680 Plate 1- 9 Plate 4- 115-1
033 Plate H- 6 Plate 26- 698 - Plate 4- 119-3
034 Plate H- 6 Plate 26- 698 - Plate 4- 119-3
035 Plate H- 9 - - -
036 Plate E-9 Plate 17- 410 Plate 3- 40 Plate 5- 143-1
037 Plate E-9 Plate 17- 410 Plate 3- 40 Plate 5- 143-1
038 Plate E- 9 Plate 17- 410 Plate 3- 40 Plate 5- 143-1
039 Plate D- 11 Plate 18- 437-443 Plate 3- 38 Plate 5- 145-1, 147-1
040 Plate XIII- 14 Plate 76- 2449 Plate 17- 279 Plate 6- 162-1
Plate 76- 2473,
041 Plate E- 14 2474 Plate 17- 285 Plate 6- 163-1
042 Plate IV- 10 Plate 77- 2492 Plate 17- 282 Plate 6- 169-1
043 Plate IV- 13 Plate 78- 2511 Plate 18- 297 Plate 7- 184-1
Plate 78- 2514,
044 Plate IV- 14 2515 Plate 18- 298 Plate 7- 185-1
045 Plate B- 4 Plate 1- 2 Plate 2- 29 Plate 8- 200-1
Plate 18- 445, 446, Plate 4- 58, 59, 60,
046 - 447 61 Plate 8- 210-1, 212-1, 216-1
047 Plate B- 10 Plate 19- 461, 462 Plate 4- 59 Plate 8- 216-1
048 Plate B- 10 Plate 19- 461, 462 Plate 4- 59 Plate 8- 216-1
049 - - - -
050 Plate E- 3 Plate 20- 478-486 Plate 5- 65, 70 Plate 8- 220-1, 222-1
051 Plate E- 3 Plate 20- 478-486 Plate 5- 65, 70 Plate 8- 220-1, 222-1
052 Plate E- 3 Plate 20- 478-486 Plate 5- 65, 70 Plate 8- 220-1, 222-1
Plate 8- 220-1, 222-1
053 Plate E- 3 Plate 20- 486 - (Similar)

82
Ross Number Evans Number Hobbs Number Mack Number Van Arsdell Number
Plate 20- 503, 509,
054 Plate E- 2 519, 531 Plate 5- 63, 71 Plate 8- 226-1, 228-1
Plate 20- 503, 509
055 Plate E- 2 Plate 21- 519, 531 Plate 5- 63, 71 Plate 8- 226-1, 228-1
056 Plate E- 2 Plate 21- 519 Plate 5- 63 (Similar) Plate 8- 226-1, 228-1
057 Plate E- 2 Plate 21- 519 Plate 5- 63 (Similar) Plate 8- 226-1, 228-1
058 Plate F- 10 Plate 22- 580-582 Plate 6- 88 Plate 9- 262-1
059 Plate I- 11 - Plate 6- 93 Plate 10- 362-1
Plate 34- 1016,
Plate 35-
060 Plate IV- 1 1017-1060 Plate 7- 108 Plate 11- 415-1
Plate 34-
061 Plate III- 8 1010-1015 Plate 19- 302 Plate 12- 435-1
Plate 38- 1135-1,
062 Plate III- 7 1136-1 Plate 19- 308 Plate 12- 443-1
Plate 38- 1139, Similar: Plate 19-
063 Plate IV- 5 1140 310 Plate 12- 451-1
064 Plate IV- 4 - - Plate 12- 453-1
065 Plate II- 10 Plate 38- 1146 Plate 8- 121 Plate 14- 500-1
066 Plate II- 10 Plate 38- 1146 Plate 8- 121 Plate 14- 500-1
Plate 39-
067 Plate II- 9 1169-1175 - Plate 14- 520-1
Plate 65- 2024-
068 Plate VIII- 13 2292 Plate 16- 263, 265 Plate 15- 580-1
Plate 109- 3386-
069 Plate XIV- 12 3388 Plate 31- 403b Plate 16- 620-7
Plate 112-
070 Plate XVI- 9 3474-3511 Plate 25- 409 Plate 17- 659-1
Plate 112-
071 Plate XVI- 9 3474-3511 Plate 25- 409 Plate 17- 659-1
Plate 113- 3521,
072 Plate XV- 14 3522 Plate 27- 434 Plate 18- 663-1
073 Plate XV- 9 Plate 119- 3791 Plate 16- 419 Plate 19- 710-1
074 Plate XV- 9 Plate 119- 3791 Plate 16- 419 Plate 19- 710-1
075 Plate XV- 1 Plate 125- 4034 Plate 26- 424 Plate 19- 730-1
076 Plate XV- 1 Plate 125- 4034 Plate 26- 424 Plate 19- 730-1
077 Plate XV- 1 Plate 125- 4034 Plate 26- 424 Plate 19- 730-1
Plate 26- 424
(Similar no three Plate 19- 730-1 (Similar no
pellets on Horses three pellets on Horses
078 Plate XV- 2 Plate 125- 4043 shoulder) shoulder)
079 Plate XV- 2 Plate 125- 4034 Plate 26- 424 Plate 19- 730-1
080 Plate XV- 2 Plate 125- 4034 Plate 26- 424 Plate 19- 730-1
081 - - - Plate 19- 744-1
082 - Plate 130- 4283 - Plate 20- 754-1. 756-1
083 - Plate 129- 4238 - Plate 20- 756-1
084 - Plate 129- 4238 - Plate 20- 756-1
085 Plate XV- 3 Plate 132- 4360 - Plate 20- 760-1
086 Plate XV- 3 Plate 132- 4360 - Plate 20- 760-1
Plate XV- 5 Plate 26- 427
(Similar with two (Similar with two Plate 20- 762-1 (Similar with
rows of pellets on Plate 134- 4484 rows of pellets on two rows of pellets on
087 shoulder) exact shoulder) shoulder)
088 Plate XV- 5 Plate 134- 4445 Plate 26- 427 Plate 20- 762-1
Plate 134-
089 Plate XV- 5 4445-4449 Plate 26- 427 Plate 20- 762-1
090 Plate XV- 4 Plate 133- 4431 Plate 26- 426 Plate 20- 764-1
091 page 385 - - -
092 Plate XVI- 7 Plate 114- 3565 Plate 25- 413 Plate 21- 792-1
093 Plate XVI- 7 Plate 114- 3565 Plate 25- 413 Plate 21- 792-1
094 Plate XVI- 8 Plate 115- 3605 Plate 31- 413d Plate 21- 794-1
095 Plate XVI- 8 Plate 115- 3605 Plate 31- 413d Plate 21- 794-1
096 - - Plate 25- 405 Plate 25- 857-1

83
Ross Number Evans Number Hobbs Number Mack Number Van Arsdell Number
Plate 105-
097 - 3261-3268 Plate 28- 458 Plate 26- 914-1
Plate 107-
098 Plate XVII- 1 3330-3336 Plate 28- 463 Plate 28- 978-1
Plate 107-
099 Plate XVII- 1 3330-3336 Plate 28- 463 Plate 28- 978-1
Plate 107-
100 Plate XVII- 1 3330-3336 Plate 28- 463 Plate 28- 978-1
Plate 107-
101 Plate XVII- 1 3330-3336 Plate 28- 463 Plate 28- 978-1
Plate 94-
102 Plate B- 15 2942-2944 Plate 5- 68 Plate 29- 1010-3
103 Plate I- 6 Plate 98- 3064 Plate 24- 393 Plate 29- 1035-1
104 - - - -
Plate 95- 2955,
105 Plate F- 4 2956 Plate 23- 378 Plate 29- 1042-1, 1045-1
106 Plate F- 4 Plate 95- 2956 Plate 23- 378 Plate 29- 1042-1, 1045-1
107 Plate F- 6 Plate 95- 2968 Plate 23- 379 Plate 29- 1049-1
108 Plate F-6 Plate 95- 2968 Plate 23- 379 Plate 29- 1049-1
109 Plate F- 6 Plate 95- 2968 Plate 23- 379 Plate 29- 1049-1
Plate 101-
110 Plate I- 1 3135-3139 Plate 24- 395 Plate 30- 1052-1
Plate 101-
111 Plate I- 1 3135-3139 Plate 24- 395 Plate 30- 1052-1
112 Plate I- 7 Plate 96- 3023 Plate 23- 386 Plate 30- 1066-1, 1069-1
113 Plate I- 7 Plate 96- 3023 Plate 23- 386 Plate 30- 1066-1-1069-1
114 Plate I- 7 Plate 96- 3023 Plate 23- 386 Plate 30- 1066-1-1069-1
Plate 95- 2981,
115 Plate F- 8 2982 Plate 23- 382 Plate 30- 1078-1
Plate 95- 2981,
116 Plate F- 8 2982 Plate 23- 382 Plate 30- 1078-1
117 Plate I- 8 Plate 97- 3032 Plate 23- 387 Plate 30- 1082-1, 1085-1
118 Plate I- 5 Plate 98- 3061 Plate 24- 392 Plate 30- 1092-1
119 Plate I- 9 Plate 97- 3043 Plate 24- 389 Plate 31- 1110-1
120 Plate G- 5, 6 Plate 79- 2555 Plate 20- 318 Plate 33- 1235-7, 1252-1
121 Plate G- 5, 6 Plate 79- 2555 Plate 20- 318 Plate 33- 1235-7, 1252-1
122 Plate G- 5, 6 Plate 79- 2555 Plate 20- 318 Plate 33- 1235-7, 1252-1
123 Plate G- 5, 6 Plate 79- 2555 Plate 20- 318 Plate 33- 1235-7, 1252-1
124 Plate G- 5, 6 Plate 79- 2555 Plate 20- 318 Plate 33- 1235-7, 1252-1
125 Plate G- 5, 6 Plate 79- 2555 Plate 20- 318 Plate 33- 1235-7, 1252-1
126 Plate G- 5, 6 Plate 79- 2555 Plate 20- 318 Plate 33- 1235-7, 1252-1
Plate 78- Plate 20- 317, 318 Plate 33- 1246-1 (Similar),
127 Plate F- 1, 2, 3 2540-2542 (Similar) 1252-1
Plate 78- Plate 20- 317, 318 Plate 33- 1246-1 (Similar),
128 Plate F- 1, 2, 3 2540-2542 (Similar) 1252-1
Plate 78- Plate 20- 317, 318 Plate 33- 1246-1 (Similar),
129 Plate F- 1, 2, 3 2540-2542 (Similar) 1252-1
Plate 78- Plate 20- 317, 318 Plate 33- 1246-1 (Similar),
130 Plate F- 1, 2, 3 2540-2542 (Similar) 1252-1
Plate 78- Plate 20- 317, 318 Plate 33- 1246-1 (Similar),
131 Plate F- 1, 2, 3 2540-2542 (Similar) 1252-1
Plate 78- Plate 20- 317, 318 Plate 33- 1246-1 (Similar),
132 Plate F- 1, 2, 3 2540-2542 (Similar) 1252-1
Plate G- 5, 6 Plate 20- 318
133 (Similar) Plate 88- 2806 (Similar) Plate 34- 1290-1 (Similar)
Plate G- 5, 6 Plate Plate 20- 318
134 (Similar) 91-2843-2846 (Similar) Plate 34- 1290-1 (Similar)
Plate G- 5, 6 Plate Plate 20- 318
135 (Similar) 91-2843-2846 (Similar) Plate 34- 1290-1 (Similar)
136 - Plate 91- 2865 Plate 20- 325 Plate 35- 1325-1
Plate 92-
137 - 2873-2875 Plate 20- 329 Plate 35- 1329-1, 1330-1
138 - Plate 94- 2935 Plate 20- 331 Plate 35- 1331-1

84
Ross Number Evans Number Hobbs Number Mack Number Van Arsdell Number
Plate 92-
139 - 2876-2880 Plate 20- 332 Plate 35- 1332-1
Plate 92-
140 - 2894-2895 Plate 21- 336 Plate 35- 1336-1
141 - Plate 93-2905 Plate 21- 340 Plate 35- 1340-1
142 - Plate 94- 2934 Plate 21- 342 Plate 36- 1342-1
Plate 94- 2924-
143 - 2933 Plate 21- 344 Plate 36- 1347-1, 1348-1
Plate 94- 2924-
144 - 2933 Plate 21- 344 Plate 36- 1347-1, 1348-1
Plate 94- 2924-
145 - 2933 Plate 21- 344 Plate 36- 1347-1, 1348-1
146 - Plate 93- 2917 Plate 21- 346-349 Plate 36- 1349-1
147 - Plate 93- 2917 Plate 21- 346-349 Plate 36- 1349-1
148 - Plate 93- 2917 Plate 21- 346-349 Plate 36- 1349-1
149 - Plate 93- 2917 Plate 21- 346-349 Plate 36- 1349-1
150 - Plate 93- 2917 Plate 21- 346-349 Plate 36- 1349-1
151 - Plate 93- 2896 Plate 22- 360 Plate 37- 1360-1
152 - Plate 93- 2899 Plate 22- 365 Plate 37- 1365-1
153 Plate C- 8 Plate 13- 272-284 Plate 9- 133 Plate 39- 1470-1
Plate 9 - 135
154 Plate C-5,7 Plate 13- 295-301 (Similar) Plate 40- 1476-5 (Similar)
Plate 9- 134
155 Plate C- 7 Plate 13- 295 (Similar), 135(Similar) Plate 39- 1476-1
Plate 9- 134
156 Plate C- 7 Plate 13- 295 (Similar), 135(Similar) Plate 39- 1476-1
Plate 9- 134
157 Plate C- 7 Plate 13- 295 (Similar), 135(Similar) Plate 39- 1476-1
Plate 9- 134
158 Plate C- 6 Plate 14- 307 (Similar), 135(Similar) Plate 39- 1476-1 (Similar)
Plate 9- 134
159 Plate C- 7 Plate 13- 295 (Similar), 135(Similar) Plate 39- 1476-1
160 Plate C- 10 Plate 15- 339 Plate 9- 138 Plate 40- 1493-1
161 Plate XIV- 7, 8, 9 Plate 73- 2390 Plate 16- 266 Plate 42- 1605-1
Plate 74-
162 Plate XIV- 5, 6 2396-2404 Plate 16- 267 Plate 42- 1620-1
Plate 74-
163 Plate XIV- 5, 6 2396-2404 Plate 16- 267 Plate 42- 1620-1
Plate 74-
164 Plate XIV- 5, 6 2396-2404 Plate 16- 267 Plate 42- 1620-1
165 Plate IV- 6 Plate 75- 2425 Plate 17- 275 Plate 43- 1650-1
166 Plate IV- 6 Plate 75- 2425 Plate 17- 275 Plate 43- 1650-1
167 Plate V- 8, C- 12 Plate 50- 1591 Plate 10- 149 Plate 44-1680-1
168 Plate V- 9 Plate 50- 1604 Plate 10- 150 Plate 44- 1682-1
169 Plate VII- 6 Plate 54- 1711 Plate 11- 167 Plate 44- 1705-1
Plate 54-
170 Plate VIII- 5 1702-1705 Plate 11- 179 Plate 44- 1713-1
171 Plate V- 10 Plate 51- 1623 Plate 10- 156 Plate 45- 1734-1
Plate 53- 1674,
172 Plate VII- 2 1675 Plate 11- 162 Plate 45- 1747-1
Plate 53- 1674,
173 Plate VII- 2 1675 Plate 11- 162 Plate 45- 1747-1
Similar Plate 51- Similar Plate 12- 184 Similar Plate 46- 1780-1 -
Plate VIII- 7 1628(RICON) (RICON) instead of 1780-9 (RICON) instead of
174 (exact match) instead of (RICONI) (RICONI) (RICONI)
Plate 53- 1681,
175 Plate VI- 5 1682 Plate 11- 163 Plate 46- 1794-1
Plate 53-
176 Plate VI- 2 1677-1679 Plate 11- 166 Plate 46- 1800-1
177 Plate VII- 3 Plate 55- 1745 Plate 11- 172 Plate 46- 1808-1
178 Plate VII- 3 Plate 55- 1745 Plate 11- 172 Plate 46- 1808-1
Plate 54- 1709,
179 Plate VII- 5 1710 Plate 11- 175 Plate 46- 1812-1

85
Ross Number Evans Number Hobbs Number Mack Number Van Arsdell Number
Plate 53-
180 Plate VI- 8 1685-1687 Plate 11- 178 Plate 47- 1818–1
Plate 56- 1760,
181 Plate XI- 14 1761 Plate 12- 181 Plate 47- 1824-1
Plate 51- 1625,
182 Plate VIII- 11 1626 Plate 12- 194 Plate 47- 1845-1
Plate 55-
183 Plate VII- 7 1728-1734 Plate 12- 192 Plate 48- 1882-1
Plate 55-
184 Plate VII- 7 1728-1734 Plate 12- 192 Plate 48- 1882-1
Plate 55-
185 Plate VII- 7 1728-1734 Plate 12- 192 Plate 48- 1882-1
Plate 56-
186 Plate IX- 2 1769-1771 Plate 13- 201 Plate 49- 1910-1
187 Plate IX- 8 Plate 56- 1777 Plate 13- 210a Plate 49- 1925-3
188 Plate IX- 8 Plate 56- 1777 Plate 13- 210a Plate 49- 1925-3
189 Plate IX- 7 Plate 57- 1804 Plate 13- 212 Plate 50- 1933-1
190 Plate IX- 7 Plate 57- 1804 Plate 13- 212 Plate 50- 1933-1
191 Plate X- 1 - Plate 14- 216 Plate 50- 1951-1
192 Plate X- 2 Plate 59- 1862 Plate 14- 217 Plate 50- 1953-1
193 Plate X- 4 - - -
194 Plate XI- 11 - Plate 14- 220 Plate 51- 1969-1
Plate 61-
195 Plate XI- 7 1921-1923 Plate 14- 221 Plate 51- 1971-1
Plate 61-
196 Plate XI- 5, 7, 8 1921-1923 Plate 14- 221 Plate 51- 1971-1
Plate 61-
197 Plate XII- 12 1931-1934 Plate 14- 231 Plate 51- 1979-1
198 Plate IX- 4 Plate 58- 1827 Plate 13- 206, 207 Plate 52- 2025-1, 2027-1
199 Plate IX- 4 Plate 58- 1828 Plate 13- 206, 207 Plate 52- 2025-1, 2027-1
Plate 59- 1863,
200 Plate XI- 2, 3 1864 Plate 13- 215 Plate 52- 2045-1
Plate 60-
201 Plate X- 9 1874-1878 Plate 15- 237 Plate 52- 2057-1
Plate 60- 1884,
202 Plate X- 11 1885 Plate 15- 239 Plate 53- 2061-1
203 Plate XII- 8 Plate 61- 1909 Plate 14- 225 Plate 53- 2081-1
Plate 63-
204 Plate XII- 1 1968-1971 Plate 15- 242 Plate 53- 2089-1
Plate 63-
205 Plate XII- 1 1968-1971 Plate 15- 242 Plate 53- 2089-1
Plate 62-
206 Plate XII- 2 1956-1959 Plate 15- 243 Plate 53- 2091-1
Plate 63-
207 Plate XII- 3 1961-1966 Plate 15- 244 Plate 54- 2093-1
Plate 62-
208 Plate XII- 5 1944-1959 Plate 15- 246 Plate 54- 2095-1
Plate 63- 1972-
209 Plate XII- 6 1983 Plate 15- 248 Plate 54- 2097-1
Plate 63- 1972-
210 Plate XII- 6 1983 Plate 15- 248 Plate 54- 2097-1
Plate 63- 1972-
211 Plate XII- 6 1983 Plate 15- 248 Plate 54- 2097-1
Plate 63-
212 Plate XII- 13 1987-1990 Plate 15- 250 Plate 54- 2101-1
Plate 63-
213 Plate XII- 14 1984-1986 Plate 15- 251 Plate 54- 2103-1
Plate 64-
214 Plate XIII- 2 1991-1995 Plate 15- 253 Plate 54- 2107-1
plate 64-
215 Plate XII- 10 2004-2009 Plate 16- 260 Plate 54- 2109-1
216 Plate I- 1 - - -
217 Plate I- 1 - - -

86
Ross Number Evans Number Hobbs Number Mack Number Van Arsdell Number
218 Plate I- 1 - - -
219 Plate I- 1 - - -
220 Plate I- 1 - - -
221 Plate I- 1 - - -
222 Plate I- 1 - - -
223 Plate I- 1 - - -
224 Plate I- 1 - - -
225 Plate I- 1 - - -
226 Plate I- 1 - - -
227 Plate I- 1 - - -
228 Plate I- 2 - - -
229 Plate I- 4 - - -
Similar on Plate I-
230 1/4 - - -
231 Plate I- 8, 9 - - -
232 Plate I- 8, 9 - - -
233 Plate I- 12 - - -
234 Plate I- 12 - - -
235 Plate I- 12 - - -
236 Plate I- 12 - - -
237 - - - -

87
 Bibliography

Caesar, Julius,. (BG) The Gallic Wars, Translation: McDevitte W. A,. and Bohn, W.
S,. On: http://classics.mit.edu/Caesar/gallic.4.4.html

Creighton, J,. Coins and Power in Late Iron Age Britain, Cambridge University Press
(2000)

De Jersey, P,. Coinage in Iron Age Armorica, Oxford University Committee for
Archaeology (1994)

De Jersey, P,. Celtic Coinage in Britain, Shire Archaeology (1996)

Evans, John, Sir,. The Coins of the Ancient Britons / arranged and described by John
Evans ; with plates engraved by F.W Fairholt and P. Sellier, London (1864)

Hobbs, R,. British Iron Age Coins in the British Museum, British Museum Press
(1996)

Mack, R. P,. The Coinage of Ancient Britain, Spink and Son Ltd. (1975)

Nash, D,. Coinage in the Celtic World, Seaby London (1987)

Van Arsdell, R. D,. Celtic Coinage of Britain, Spink London (1989)

Web Resources:

www.wildwinds.com - for images of coins

www.coinarchives.com - for images of coins

http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/outline/england.gif - for the

original image of England (then edited by me) (In Figures: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11 and
14)

88