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PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

Sta. Maria Campus

Education in
Primitive Society

Chapter 2:
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION
OF EDUCATION
NELSON R. SALOSAGCOL
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EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY

Preliterate persons faced problems…

against natural forces against wild animals

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EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY

humankind Life Skills /

Hostile
TRANSFORM Cultural
Environment
life-sustaining Patterns

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EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY

LIFE SKILLS Kinship and Tribal Pattern
1. tool or instrument making
2. adherence to the moral behavior
code of group life
3. language

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EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY

For cultural patterns to continue, the
adults had to teach these skills and
values to their children.
Socialization
Socialization – is the process by
which individuals internalize the
norms and values of society and so
cultural continuity are attained
This is informal education!

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EDUCATION IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY

Education in Education during
They could communicate with one Primitive Society the Pre-colonial Period
(before 1521)
another through gestures, sounds
and words. These symbols were
expressed in signs, pictographs,
letters.

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EDUCATION DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EDUCATION DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
• most communities, stories, songs,
informal and
unstructured Teachers poetry, dances, medicinal practices
education were tribal and advice regarding all sorts of
tutors community life issues were passed
Home serves (Babaylan or from gen to gen mostly through oral
Katalonan)
as their school tradition
This education basically prepared their
children to become good husband and wife.

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EDUCATION DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD EDUCATION DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
• some communities utilized a writing • Children were provided more
system known as baybayin o vocational training but lesser
silabaryo academics.

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EDUCATION DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Education in Education during Education during
METHODS OF EDUCATION Primitive Society the Pre-colonial Period
(before 1521)
the Spanish Era
(1521-1896)
• Tell Me or Show me or
demonstration method
• Baybayin
• Oral, practical and hands on

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EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH ERA
• formal education
• established schools
primary level to the
tertiary level of
education
EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH ERA
• focused on Christian
doctrines
• separate school for
boys and girls
• ilustrados were
accommodated in
the schools

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EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH ERA EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH ERA
• missionary teachers • missionary teachers
replaced the tribal replaced the tribal
tutors tutors
• catholic schools that • catholic schools that
were set up initially were set up initially
became parochial became parochial
schools schools

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EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH ERA
METHODS OF TEACHING
• Catechetical instruction
• Use of corporal punishment
• Rote memorization
• Instruction was in dialect
EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH ERA
SPANISH CONTRIBUTION
• The friars controlled the educational system
• The missionaries took charge in teaching,
controlling and maintaining the rules and
regulations.
• Parochial schools were led by Dominicans and
Jesuits
• Establishment of normal school for male
teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits.

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THE EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863

Education in Education during Education during
Primitive Society the Pre-colonial Period the Spanish Era • This law gave Filipinos a complete
(before 1521) (1521-1896)
system of education from
The Educational
Decree of 1863
elementary to their collegiate level.
• Mandated the establishment of free
primary school in each town. There
were 3 grades.
• Compulsory attendance between 7
and 12

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THE EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863

Education in Education during Education during
• Religion was the core of the Primitive Society the Pre-colonial Period
(before 1521)
the Spanish Era
(1521-1896)
curriculum The Educational
• The Normal School was established Decree of 1863

Education during the

American Regime (1898-1946)

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EDUCATION DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME EDUCATION DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME
• Malolos
Constitution

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EDUCATION DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME EDUCATION DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME
• Formal • In 1899, more schools were opened,
education this time, with 24 English-language
• Course of study teacher and 4500 students
is prescribed • Act. No. 74 – a highly centralized,
uniform and experimental public school system
centralized was installed in 1901 by the
Philippine Commission

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EDUCATION DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME EDUCATION DURING THE AMERICAN REGIME
• Act. No. 74 – established the • Act No. 1381 – Gabaldon Law
Philippine Normal School (now PNU) • Act. No. 1870 – initiated the opening
• Act No. 372 – authorized the of the University of the Philippines in
opening of provincial high schools 1908
• Department of Public Instruction –
11-year basic ed plus 4-yr tertiary

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THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

Education in Education during Education during
Primitive Society the Pre-colonial Period the Spanish Era • Free education in public schools was
(before 1521) (1521-1896)
provided all over the country, in
The Educational
Decree of 1863
accordance with the 1935
Constitution
Education during the
American Regime (1898-1946) • Vocational Education and some
household activities like sewing,
cooking, and farming were also
The Commonwealth given importance.
Period (1935-1942)

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THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
• Education also emphasized
nationalism
• Good manners and discipline were
also taught to the students.
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THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
• Executive Order No. 134 (of 1936)
was signed by Pres. Manuel L.
Quezon
• Executive Order No. 217 otherwise
known as the Quezon Code of
Ethics was taught in schools.
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THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
• The institute of private education
was established in order to observe
private schools.
• Formal adult education was also
given.
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THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
• Executive Order No. 263 (of 1940)
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THE COMMONWEALTH PERIOD

Education in Education during Education during
• Education Act of 1940 (C.A. 586) was Primitive Society the Pre-colonial Period the Spanish Era
approved by the Philippine Assembly on
The Educational
August 7, 1940 Decree of 1863
- Reduction of the 7 year elementary course to 6 years.
- Fixing the school entrance age at 7. Education during the
American Regime (1898-1946)
- National support for elementary education.
- Compulsory attendance of primary children enrolled in Grade 1.
- Adoption of double-single sessions in the primary grade with one
teacher one class assignment of intermediate teachers. The Japanese The Commonwealth
Occupation (1941-1944) Period (1935-1942)

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THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

• Prescribed, uniform and centralized • To stop depending on western
countries. Promote and enrich the
Filipino culture
• To recognize that the Philippines is a
part of the Greater East Asia Co-
prosperity Sphere

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THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION

Education in Education during Education during
• To be aware of materialism to raise Primitive Society the Pre-colonial Period the Spanish Era
the morality of the Filipinos
The Educational
• To learn and adopt Nihongo and to Decree of 1863
stop using the English Language
Education during the
• To spread elementary and vocational American Regime (1898-1946)
education
• To develop love for work
Post-colonial The Japanese The Commonwealth
Philippines Occupation Period (1935-1942)

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POST-COLONIAL PHILIPPINES POST-COLONIAL PHILIPPINES

• Democratic ideals and way of life
• Civil Service Eligibility (R.A. 1079)
• Daily Flag Ceremony (R.A. 1265)
• Rizal Law
• Elementary education was
nationalized and matriculation fees
were abolished
• Magna Carta for Teachers (R.A.
4670)

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OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
Education in Education during Education during
Primitive Society the Pre-colonial Period the Spanish Era • YDT and CAT introduced Media of
Instruction-Bilingual Policy
The Educational
Decree of 1863 • Education Act of 1982 – Ministry of
Other
Developments Education, Culture and Sports
Education during the
American Regime (1898-1946) • NCEE – National College Entrance
Examination introduced EO No. 117
renamed MECS to DECS
Post-colonial The Japanese The Commonwealth
Philippines Occupation Period (1935-1942)

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OTHER DEVELOPMENTS OTHER DEVELOPMENTS

• Board for Professional Teachers (5) • RA 7796 – Technical Education and
under PRC Skills Development Act of 1994
• PBET to LET • CHED – RA 7722 – Higher
• Transfer of authority of administering Education Act of 1994
LET from CSC and DECS to PRC
• RA 9155 – DECS to DepEd
• Trifocal education (primary,
secondary, nonformal ed)

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OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
• Values Education
• RA 10157 – Kindergarten Act
• RA 10533 – K to 12 Program
• RA 10931 – Universal Access to
Quality Tertiary Education Act

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