INRODUCTION

The reinforced concrete frame is a superstructure combined with horizontal

components, i.e. columns and vertical components, i.e. beams.

Reinforced Concrete Design

The whole construction that is beams and columns are monolithic construction, i.e.
the whole construction is cast in a single operation.

SARBAST OSMAN MERO

NAWROZ UNIVERSITY

Sometimes this concrete frame is also called as a skeleton of this entire structure. In
this structure, the vertical members, i.e. columns, carry the entire load of the
building, so it’s the most important part of this type of construction.

If a beam or slab of this structure is get damaged, then just one floor is affected, but it
will damage the whole building if columns are damaged.

This is reinforced construction so that the whole structure is combined with steel
reinforcement cause, the steel cannot carry the total tensile load of the structure and the
compressive load is carried by both concrete and reinforcement.

Purpose Of Structural Design:

The purpose of structural design is providing a safe structure complying with the user’s
requirements. The design should evolve a structural solution for safety and
serviceability throughout the design life, which gives the greatest overall economy for
the first cost end for maintenance costs.

Limit states:
Limit states are concerned with structural safety and serviceability and cover all forms of
failure. A structure could be rendered unfit for use in many ways and these factors are
conveniently grouped into three major categories. – Ultimate limit states: collapse of the
structure due to normal or exceptional loadings or the occurrence of exceptional events
like earthquake etc. – Serviceability limit states: Deflection, cracking and vibration. –
Other limit states: Fatigue, Durability, Fire resistance, Lightning etc. It is often possible
that a given structure is required to satisfy one or more limit states simultaneously.

Concrete frames are mainly two types, those are-

 Cast in situ
 Precast
Precast concrete frame structures are used in one storey building. Precast structures
are directly brought from factories and then fix it to the site.

Concrete Frame Construction

 The first step of concrete construction is “formwork”. This is that type of

structure which contains the whole semi-solid concrete and this formwork gives it
to the perfect and required size and shape.
 The second step of concrete construction is to fix the reinforcement. It’s one of
the most important works in the entire job. The entire reinforcements are fixed
according to the engineer’s drawing.
 After that, we prepare the concrete and pour the concrete to the formwork. It
needs some time to get the required strength.
 In this time the concrete needs curing to get its actual strength. There are many
curing methods are used, those are pond curing, spray curing, wet jute bag curing,
etc.
Concrete Building Construction
Concrete building construction means reinforced concrete building construction which is
a composite structure.

In reinforced concrete construction there are mainly two types of RCC is used, those
are precast concrete and cast in situ concrete.

Reinforced concrete includes different types of building component, those are-

 Slabs
 Beams
 Column
 Foundation
 Wall
 Frame
In the reinforced concrete frame structure you can change the building structure
easily, it’s the main advantage of RCC frame structure.

To construct a reinforced concrete building, one of the most important structural

element is beam. The beam resists the bending moment of the slab and
the compressive loads.

Types of Beams

 Singly Reinforced Beam

 Doubly Reinforced Beam
 Over Reinforced Beam
 Under Reinforced Beam
  Balanced Reinforced Beam
Frame Construction

It is the method of joining the different materials and give them a structural shape.
In frame construction wood, steel, etc materials are used. It is also termed as mass wall
construction.

In frame construction different layers are present, those layers are consist of masonry,
rammed earth, log building, etc type of material.

Frame construction is divided into two types, that are-

 Light frame construction

 Heavy frame construction
Concrete Frame

 The reinforced concrete frame is one of the most common types of construction.
 In this type at first the formwork is done.
Reinforced Concrete Frame

Reinforced concrete (RC) frames consist of horizontal elements (beams) and vertical.

elements (columns) connected by rigid joints.

These structures are cast monolithically that is, beams and columns are cast in a
single operation in order to act in unison.

Concrete Frame Construction

A concrete frame is a common form of structure, comprising a network of columns
and connecting beams that form the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building.

This grid of beams and columns is typically constructed on a concrete foundation and

is used to support the building’s floors, roof, walls, cladding and so on.

Concrete Frame Construction Details

A concrete frame is a common form of structure, comprising a network of columns

and connecting beams that form the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building.

This grid of beams and columns is typically constructed on a concrete foundation and

is used to support the building’s floors, roof, walls, cladding and so on.

Concrete Building Construction

In building construction, concrete is used for the construction of foundations,

columns, beams, slabs and other load-bearing elements.

There are different types of the binding material is used other than cement such as lime
for lime concrete and bitumen for asphalt concrete which is used for
road construction.

Frame Construction

Framing, in construction, is the fitting together of pieces to give a structure support

and shape. Framing materials are usually wood, engineered wood, or structural steel.
Types of Frame

 Rigid Frame Systems

 Fixed Ended Rigid Frame Structure.
 Pin Ended Rigid Frame Structure.
 Braced Structural Frames with Various Types of Bracings.
 Gable Frame Steel Structure.
 For analysis purpose, a beam can be considered as a part of the beam column
system. This way we can determine external load acting on individual beams.
After determining load acting on individual beam, beam can be separated out
from beam column system for further analysis.

Fig.2 Building structure consists of many beam-column systems,

beam is a part of beam-column system
 Length of the beam is much higher than its lateral dimensions. So axial strain
developed in a beam will be very small compared to shear strain, or strain
induced due to bending.This is shown in figure below.
 Fig.3 Axial strain in beam is negligible compared to shear strain
 So for design purpose of beams, analysis of shear force and bending moment
induced are of the at most importance. The interesting thing is that you can draw
shear force and bending moment distribution along any beam, by understanding
what exactly is shear force and bending moment.
 Both shear force and bending moment are induced in beam in order to balance
external load acting on it. We will go through details of it separately.
Source:

https://civiljungle.com/reinforced-concrete/

https://faculty.arch.tamu.edu/media/cms_page_media/4348/NS10-1concrete.pdf

http://faculty-legacy.arch.tamu.edu/anichols/index_files/courses/arch331/NS22-
1cncrtdesign.pdf