Unit 10: Acids, Bases, Neutralization Reactions and pH Per:___ Date:_______ Name: __________________

TYPE YOUR ANSWERS IN BLUE PLEASE

Naming Acids
Acids without Oxygen
— Acids without ________ are named with the prefix “________” and end in “_____”
Examples: HCl ________________
— HF ________________
— HBr ________________
— Naming Acids with Oxygen
For some acids with oxygen have ________ ________, there are prefixes used with the regular
“_____” and “_____” endings.
The “____” or regular ending for an acid comes from the ________ ion with the “___” ending.
This gives the ______ ________ for the oxygen for this type of acid.
Example: H2SO4: SO4 is ________ so this acid is called _________ _______
Once you know the “ic” ending you ________ the ________ of ________ in the other forms to
find the name for the acid.
(REMEMBER: The regular “_____” form comes from the polyatomic ion that ends with “____”)
Two less oxygen _____ ________ “_____” Acid
One less oxygen ________ “_____” Acid
Regular “ic” form ________ “_____” Acid
One more oxygen ____ ________ “ic” Acid
The other names for the acids will come from the count based from the “regular acid name”
H2SO4 “ate” ending so it is Sulfuric Acid
H2SO3 “ite” ending so it is Sulfurous Acid
H2SO2 ____ ____ oxygen will have a prefix and “ous”ending. Hyposulfurous Acid.
H2SO5 ____ ____ oxygen will have a prefix “Per” and the regular “ic” ending. Persulfuric Acid
— Acid Base Reactions
Acid: a substance which when added to ________ produces ________ ________ [___].
— Properties:
Acids: ________ with zinc, magnesium, or aluminum and form ________ (___ (g))
react with compounds containing ________- and form ________ ________and ________
turn ________ ________
taste ________ (lemons contain citric acid, for example) DO NOT TASTE ACIDS IN THE LAB!!
— Base: a substance which when added to ________ produces ________ ________ [____].
Bases: feel soapy or ________
turn ________ ________
they react with most ________ to precipitate ________
taste ________ (ever get soap in your mouth?) DO NOT TASTE BASES IN THE LABORATORY!!
— Arrhenius Model
________ Model Basis for the model--________ in ________
________ definition: produces _____ in water solution
________ definition: produces _____ in water solution
— Bronsted-Lowry Model
Basis for the model-- ________. ________
acid definition: ________ a ________
base definition: ________ a ________
______acid definition: the acid ________ the _______ ________after it ________the
_______because it can now accept it back.
 conjugate base definition: the base becomes the conjugate acid after it accepts the proton
because it can now donate it back.
— Acid-Base Reactions
________ acid + ________ base:  HCl + NaOH  →   NaCl + H2O
net ionic reaction:  ____ + ____  →   _____
________acid + ________base:
example:  write the ___ ________ ________ for the reaction between hydrochloric
acid, HCl, and aqueous ammonia, NH3. What is the pH of the resulting solution?

________ base + ________ acid:

example:  write the ____ ________ ________ for the reaction between citric acid
(H3C6H507) and sodium hydroxide. What is the pH of the resulting solution?
— Calculation Of pH
Water dissociation: ______(l)  →  ______(aq) + ______ (aq)
________ constant, _____ = [____] [____] / [____]
Note:  ________ is ____ involved in the equilibrium expression because it is a pure
liquid, also, the amount of ________ ____ dissociated is so ________ compared to that
dissociated that we consider it a ________
Value for Kw = , _____ = [____] [____] = ________
Note: The reverse reaction, H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  →   H2O(l) is not equal to 1 x 10-14
[__] for pure water = ________
[__] for pure water = ________
Definitions of acidic, basic, and neutral solutions based on [H+]
________: if [H+] is ________ than ________
________: if [H+] is ________ than ________
________: if [H+] if ________ than ________
Example 1:
is the [H+] of a sample of lake water with [OH-] of 4.0 x 10-9 M? Is the lake acidic, basic, or
neutral?

Solution: [H+] = ________ / ________ = ________

Therefore the lake is slightly ________
Remember: the ________ the ________ ________, the ________the number is.
Therefore:
______ than ______ solutions should have ______ than ______ of [H +] from ___ to ___.
________ than ________ solutions will have exponents of [H+] from ___ on.
Example 2:
What is the [H+] of human saliva if its [OH-] is 4 x 10-8 M?
Is human saliva acidic, basic, or neutral?
Solution: [H+] = ________ / ________ = ________
The ________ is pretty ________.
— pH
relationship between [____] and ____
pH = ________
Definition of acidic, basic, and neutral solutions based on ______
 ________: if pH is ______than ___
________: if pH is ________ than ___
________: if pH is ________ to ___
The [H+] can be calculated from the pH by taking the _________ of the _________ pH
Example 3:  calculate the [OH-] of a solution of baking soda with a pH of 8.5.
Solution:  First calculate the [H+]
if pH is 8.5, then the antilog of -8.5 is _________. Thus the [H +] is _________
Next calculate the [OH-]
________ / ________ = ________

Example 4:  Calculate the pH of a solution of household ammonia whose [OH -] is 7.93 x 10-3 M.
Solution:  This time you first calculate the [H+] from the [OH-]
7.93 x 10-3 M OH- = 1.26 x 10-12 M H+
Then find the pH
_______ [1.26 x 10-12] = ________
Now you try a few by yourself.

Practice #1. What is the pH of a solution of NaOH that has a [OH -] of 3.5 x 10-3 M?

Practice #2. The H+ of vinegar that has a pH of 3.2 is what?

Practice #3. What is the pH of a 0.001 M HCl solution?

— Strength of Acids and Bases

________ ________:
________ ________ in water, forming ____ and an ________.
Example: HN03 dissociates completely in water to form ____ and _______ .
The reaction is HNO3(aq)  →   H+(aq) + N031-(aq)
A 0.01 M solution of nitric acid contains 0.01 M of H + and 0.01 M N03- ions and almost no HN03
molecules. The pH of the solution would be 2.0.

There are only ___ ________ ________: You must learn them.
The remainder of the acids therefore are considered weak acids.
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______

Note: when a ________ acid ________ only one H+ ion is removed.

H2S04 dissociates giving H+ and HS04- ions.
H2SO4  →   H+ + HSO41-
A 0.01 M solution of sulfuric acid would contain 0.01 M H + and 0.01 M HSO41- (bisulfate
or hydrogen sulfate ion)
Weak acids:
a ________ ________ only ________ dissociates in water to give H+ and the anion
 for example, HF dissociates in water to give H+ and F-. It is a weak acid. with a
dissociation equation that is
HF(aq)  ____ H+(aq) + F-(aq)
Note the use of the double arrow with the weak acid. That is because an equilibrium
exists between the dissociated ions and the undissociated molecule. In the case of a
strong acid dissociating, only one arrow (  →  ) is required since the reaction goes
virtually to completion.
An equilibrium expression can be written for this system:
_____ = [ ____ ][____] / [____]
Which are the ________ acids?  
Anything that ________ in water to produce _______and is _____ one of the 6
________ acids.
Molecules containing an ionizable proton.
(If the formula starts with H then it is a prime candidate for being an acid.) Also:
________ acids have at least one ________ l group, ________, with the H being
ionizable.
________ that contain an ionizable ________. ( HSO41-  →   H+ + SO42- )
________:  (transition metal cations and heavy metal cations with high charge)
also NH4+ dissociates into NH3 + H+
Strong Bases:
They dissociate 100% into the cation and OH- (hydroxide ion).
example:  NaOH(aq)  →   Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
a. 0.010 M NaOH solution will contain 0.010 M OH- ions (as well as 0.010 M Na+ ions)
and have a pH of 12.

Which are the ________ ________?

The ________ of Groups ___ and ___.
Note: the ________ of Group II metals produce ____ mol of OH- ions for every mole of
base that dissociates. These ________ are ___ very ________, but what does
dissolve, completely dissociates into ions.
exampIe: Ba(OH)2(aq)  →   Ba2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
a. 0.000100 M Ba(OH)2 solution will be 0.000200 M in OH - ions (as well as 0.00100 M in
Ba2+ ions) and will have a pH of 10.3.
What compounds are considered to be ________ ________?
Most ________ ________ are anions of weak acids.
Weak bases _______ ______ furnish _____ _____ by dissociation.
They react with water to furnish the _____ ions.
Note that like weak acids, this reaction is shown to be at ________, unlike the
dissociation of a ________ which is shown to go to ________.
When a ________ ________ reacts with water the _____ comes from the water and
the remaining ____ attaches itself to the ______ _______, giving a ________ ________

as one of the products.

You may think of it as a two-step reaction similar to the hydrolysis of water by cations to

give acid solutions.

examples:
acetate ion:
General reaction: _______ _______(aq) + ______(aq)  →   ______ ______ (aq) + ______(aq)
Since the reaction does not go to completion relatively ______ _______ions are formed.