Understanding the Self || Module Content || Week 2 ||Lesson: Module 2

PERIOD/TERM: Prelim
TOPIC TITLE: Sociological Theories
TIME ALLOTMENT:
MODULE NO. 2

Module Learning Objectives:

1. Explain the Sociological Theories of the Self
2. Identify the self as a product of modern society.

Learning Part*
Activate Prior Knowledge (Time allotted: 15mins.)

Greetings!
Welcome to your second module for Prelim! At the end of the lesson, you will be able to explain the
sociological theories of the self and identify the self as a product of modern society..

To start with, let’s have a short activity to refresh your knowledge about our topic for
today. After answering the activity you will receive a gold star.

Activity no. 1 – Answer this in a yellow pad paper.

Concept Map: Write words that can be associated with the word “Sociology”

This is the rubric for the concept map.

45 pts. 40 pts. 35 pts. 30 pts.

Concepts All key concepts are Many key concepts are Many key concepts are Many key concepts are
(45 pts.) covered in a covered in a meaningful covered and missing and
meaningful way and way and organization is organization is organization is choppy
organization is clear clear. somewhat clear. and confusing.
and thoughtful.
30 pts. 25 pts. 20 pts. 15 pt.s
Connection All words are All words are accurately Most words are Some words are
s accurately connected. connected. Connections accurately connected. accurately connected.
(30 pts.) Connections are clear are clear. Linking words Connections are Connections may not
and organized above arrows show somewhat clear. Some be clear. Few to no
Relationships and relationships linking words above linking words above
correlations between arrows. arrows.
concepts are clear.

25 pts. 20 pts. 15 pts. 10 pts.

Accuracy All links are correct. Most links are correct. Some misconceptions Many misconceptions
(25 pts.) No misconceptions are Some misconceptions are evident. are evident.
evident. are evident.

CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc. Modular Learning Page 1 of 6

Understanding the Self || Module Content || Week 2 ||Lesson: Module 2

Acquire New Knowledge (Time Allotted: 45mins.)

To start with our topic, we all know that there a lot of theories about
ourselves. And one of those is Sociological Theories of the Self, let’s find out
what is this all about.

Sociological Theories of the Self

Margaret Mead (1901-1976)

 An American cultural anthropologist who featured frequently as an author and speaker in the
mass media during the 1960’s and 1970’s.
 According to Mead, Self has two parts
1. Self-image was developed in recognizing how others perceive us. Mead called this
imitation. We’re trying to see the world from other’s point of view.
2. By taking the role of the other, we can become self-aware. So aware of ourselves and
develop two parts of the self: self-image and self-awareness.
 Self and it’s complete social. Man doesn’t allow any room for any kind of biological
development of the self or biological development of the personality.
 Our bodies are biologically, but the self is something that emerges through social interaction.
 Mead see the self as social not as biological. Our self and our notion of who we are, what we
like, what our personality is becomes constructed through being in the world and more
interaction with others.
 The self is developed as we age, as we grow. It’s not something innate or biological.

Charles Cooley

 Am American sociologist and the son of

Michigan Supreme
Court Judge Thomas
M. Cooley. He
studied and went on
to teach economics
and sociology at the
University of
Michigan.
 Every person we’ve interact may have a resemblance to us.
 We sometimes have or see ourselves to our parents, friends and even to strangers.
 This theory explains that in social interactions you can acquire a compatibility to other people
that may have the same personality or mindset.
 Social experience allows us to have interactions and exert our forming personalities.
 Our self is mirrored in the reaction of the other-this is what we called “the looking glass self”.
Henri de Saint Simon (1760-1825)

 A French political and economic theorist and businessman whose thought played a substantial
role in influencing politics, economics, sociology and the philosophy of science.

CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc. Modular Learning Page 2 of 6

Understanding the Self || Module Content || Week 2 ||Lesson: Module 2

 Men who are successfully able to organize society for productive labor are entitled to govern
it.
 He envisioned an industrial state directed by modern science, in which universal association
should suppress war.
 Saint –Simon’s call for a “science of society”, similar to the natural sciences, influenced his
discipline Auguste Comte and the development of sociology and economics as a fields of
scientific study.

Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)

 An English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist and prominent classical liberal

political theorist of the Victorian era.
 His grand scheme was termed “Synthetic Philosophy”
 Spencer’s Moral Philosophy : Social Statics and Principles of Ethics
 The basic argument of Social Statics can be stated as follows:
 Human happiness can be achieved only when individuals can satisfy their needs and desires
without infringing on the right of others to do the same.
 Social statics and Principles of Ethics are greatly flawed works.

David Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

 A French Sociologist who established the academic discipline.

 His work was concerned with how societies could maintain their integrity and coherence in
modernity.
 An era in which a traditional social and religious tie are no longer assumed, and in which new
social institutions have come to being.
 Durkheim was also deeply preoccupied with the sociology as a legitimate science.
 Another key element to Durkheim’s theory of knowledge is his concept of representations
collectives which is outlined in The Elementary Forms of Religious life.

 Albert Bandura (1925)

 A Canadian-American psychologist who is the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social
Science in Psychology at Stanford University.
 Social learning theory is a theory that attempts to explain socialization and its effect on the
development of self.
 It considers the information of one’s identity to be a learned response to social stimuli.
 Behaviours and attitudes develop in response to reinforcement and encouragement from
people around us.

The Self as a Product of Modern Society

o Key Characteristics of Modernity

1. Industrialism – the social relations implied in the
extensive use of material power and machinery in
all processes of production

CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc. Modular Learning Page 3 of 6

Understanding the Self || Module Content || Week 2 ||Lesson: Module 2

2. Capitalism – a production system involving both competitive product markets and the
commodification of labour power
3. Institution of Surveillance – the massive increase of power and reach by institutions,
especially in government
4. Dynamism– the most evident characteristic of a modern society. Dynamism is
characterized as having vigorous activity and progress

 Social Groups is described as having two or more people interacting with one another,
sharing similar characteristics and whose members identify themselves as part of the group
- Organic group – is naturally occurring and it is highly influenced by your family
- Rational group – occur in modern societies. Modern societies are made up of
different people coming from different places

 George Herbert Mead’s Theory

 An American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the

University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists.
 To be able to have a full development of social identity, one must unite his “I” and
“Me”.
 The “I” is the representation of oneself that is unique and active.
 It is also subjective and the response of an individual to the “Me”.
 The “Me” represents the expectations or demands of others. Man sometimes acquire
an attitude through the demands of the people around them.
 Social interactions may be the reason of a certain personality, it’s either they adopt it
or they are forced to.

 Developing the Self

• Language – through shared understanding of

symbols, gestures and sound, language gives the
individual the capacity to express himself or herself
while at the same time comprehending what the
other people are conveying
• Play – individuals role play or assume the
perspective of others. Role-playing enables the person to internalize some other people’s
perspective; hence, he or she develops an understanding of how the other people feel about
themselves in variety of situations
• Game – is the level where the individual not only internalizes the other people’s
perspective, he or she is also able to consider societal rules and adheres to it
 Jean Baudrillard’s Theory

 Self may be and never-ending search. In post-modern society, we develop or get our
identity through the privileges of prestige.
 The individuals are influenced by the mass media that made them acquired goods for
social status than for the value and utility.
 In this generation, we can never be satisfied unless we have the upper-hand in

CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc. Modular Learning Page 4 of 6

Understanding the Self || Module Content || Week 2 ||Lesson: Module 2

everything.

Gerry Lanuza’s Theory

 Technologies are arising. Information are gathered faster and communication may be
done even if you’re far from each other.
 You can choose your identity freely and no longer be restricted by the customs and
traditions.
 In terms of the raise of technology people lost contacts to others outside social media.
Some may be physically present but mentally or consciously absent.
 People nowadays lack in real activities and close contacts.

Resources
Book; A Holistic Approach in Understanding the Self
Author: Otig Vergie, Winston B. et. al.

Application: (Time Alloted 10mins.)

Now that you finished the second module, I believe that you understand well our topic, so for
our application you need to complete the sentence. And after answering you will receive
another gold star.

Activity no. 2: Exit Slips: Answer the following in a yellow pad paper:

 Write one thing you learned today.

 What topic you didn’t understand?

Resources
http://www.adlit.org/strategies/19805/

CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc. Modular Learning Page 5 of 6

Understanding the Self || Module Content || Week 2 ||Lesson: Module 2

Assessment (Time Allotted: 15mins.)

It was a great experience that you learn a lot about sociological theories. Answer this 10-Item quiz in a
yellow pad paper.

Quiz no. 3: Identification.

1. It is the massive increase of power and reach by institutions, especially in government.

2. It is naturally occurring and it is highly influenced by your family.
3. This is the level where the individual not only internalizes the other people’s perspective; he
or she is also able to consider societal rules and adheres to it.
4. It is described as having two or more people interacting with one another, sharing similar
characteristics and whose members identify themselves as part of the group.
5. What group occur in modern societies?
6. This is a production system involving both competitive product markets and the
commodification of labour power.
7. His grand scheme was termed “Synthetic Philosophy”.
8. He proposed the ‘looking glass self”.
9. The individual’s roles play or assume the perspective of others.
10. The social relations implied in the extensive use of material power and machinery in all
processes of production.

Now, that you reached the last part of the module.

I want to award you with this participation badge.
Thank you and keep learning. God bless.

Timeline!
Let’s be mindful to your deadline.

Activity Number Name of Activity Date of submission Remarks

Activity 1 Concept Map September 11, 2020
Activity 2 Essay September 11, 2020
Assessment Identification September 11, 2020

CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc. Modular Learning Page 6 of 6