5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Enter your search keywords. Search

Navigation
Search

Home
Browse Topics
About Us
Testimonials
Media
Contact Us
Join CEP Forum

Search... Search

Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Posted in Prestress Engineering, Project Reports, Research Papers | Email This Post |

By
Miss.P.R. Bhivgade

Abstract:– Bridge construction today has achieved a worldwide level of importance. Bridges are the key elements in any road network Use of box
girder is gaining popularity in bridge engineering fraternity because of its better stability, serviceability, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural
efficiency. The structural behavior of box girder is complicated, which is difficult to analyze in its actual conditions by conventional methods. In
present study a two lane simply supported Box Girder Bridge made up of prestressed concrete which is analysis for moving loads as per Indian Road
Congress (IRC:6) recommendations, Prestressed Code (IS: 1343) and also as per IRC: 18 specifications. The analyzed of box girder using SAP 2000
14 Bridge Wizard and prestressed with parabolic tendons in which utilize full section. The various span/ depth ratio considered to get the
proportioning depth at which stresses criteria and deflection criteria get satisfied.

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 1/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Keywords: Concrete Box Girder Bridge, Prestress Force, Eccentricity, Prestress Losses, Reinforcement, Flexure strength, shear strength, SAP Model.

I. INTRODUCTION
Prestress concrete is ideally suited for the construction of medium and long span bridges. Ever since the development of prestressed concrete by
Freyssinet in the early 1930s, the material has found extensive application in the construction of long-span bridges, gradually replacing steel which
needs costly maintenance due to the inherent disadvantage of corrosion under aggressive environment conditions. One of the most commonly used
forms of superstructure in concrete bridges is precast girders with cast-in-situ slab. This type of superstructure is generally used for spans between 20
to 40 m. T or I-girder bridges are the most common example under this category and are very popular because of their simple geometry, low
fabrication cost, easy erection or casting and smaller dead loads. In this paper study the India Road Loading considered for design of bridges, also
factor which are important to decide the preliminary sizes of concrete box girders. Also considered the IRC:18-2000 for “Prestressed Concrete Road
Bridges” and “Code of Practice for Prestressed Concrete ” Indian Standard. Analyze the Concrete Box Girder Road Bridges for various spans, various
depth and check the proportioning depth.

Advertisements

II. FORMULATION
A. Loading on Box Girder Bridge
The various type of loads, forces and stresses to be considered in the analysis and design of the various components of the bridge are given in IRC
6:2000(Section II. But the common forces are considered to design the model are as follows:

Dead Load(DL): The dead load carried by the girder or the member consists of its own weight and the portions of the weight of the superstructure and
any fixed loads supported by the member. The dead load can be estimated fairly accurately during design and can be controlled during construction
and service.

Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL): The weight of superimposed dead load includes footpaths, earth-fills, wearing course, stay-in -place forms, ballast,
water-proofing, signs, architectural ornamentation, pipes, conduits, cables and any other immovable appurtenances installed on the structure.

Live Load(LL): Live loads are those caused by vehicles which pass over the bridge and are transient in nature. These loads cannot be estimated
precisely, and the designer has very little control over them once the bridge is opened to traffic. However, hypothetical loadings which are reasonably
realistic need to be evolved and specified to serve as design criteria. There are four types of standard loadings for which road bridges are designed.
i. IRC Class 70R loading
ii. IRC Class AA loading
iii. IRC Class A loading
iv. IRC Class B loading

The model is design by considering IRC Class A loading, which is normally adopted on all roads on which permanent bridges and culverts are
constructed. Total load is 554, the Fig.1 show the complete details of Class A.

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 2/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Other information regarding Live load combination as per IRC:6 2000 Clause No.207.1 Note No.4

B. Thickness of Web
The thickness of the web shall not be less than d/36 plus twice the clear cover to the reinforcement plus diameter of the duct hole where‘d’ is the
overall depth of the box girder measured from the top of the deck slab to the bottom of the soffit or 200 mm plus the diameter of duct holes,
whichever is greater.

C. Thickness of Bottom Flange

The thickness of the bottom flange of box girder shall be not less than 1/20th of the clear web spacing at the junction with bottom flange or 200 mm
whichever is more.

D. Thickness of Top Flange

The minimum thickness of the deck slab including that at cantilever tips be 200 mm. For top and bottom flange having prestressing cables, the
thickness of such flange shall not be less than 150 mm plus diameter of duct hole.

E. Losses in Prestress
While assessing the stresses in concrete and steel during tensioning operations and later in service, due regard shall be paid to all losses and variations
in stress resulting from creep of concrete, shrinkage of concrete, relaxation of steel, the shortening (elastic deformation) of concrete at transfer, and
friction and slip of anchorage.

In computing the losses in prestress when untensioned reinforcement is present, the effect of the tensile stresses developed by the untensioned
reinforcement due to shrinkage and creep shall be considered.

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 3/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Advertisements

F. Calculation of Ultimate Strength

Ultimate moment resistance of sections, under these two alternative conditions of failure shall be calculated by the following formulae and the smaller
of the two values shall be taken as the ultimate moment of resistance for design:

i. Failure by yield of steel (under-reinforced section)

Mult = 0.9dbAsFp
Where,
As = the area of high tensile steel
Fp = the ultimate tensile strength for steel without definite yield point or yield stress or stress at 4 per centelongation whichever is higher for steel with
a definite yield point.
db = the depth of the beam from the maximum compression edge to the centre of gravity of the steel tendons.

ii. Failure by crushing concrete

Mult = 0.176 bdb2fck
Where,
b = the width of rectangular section or web of beam
fck= characteristics strength of concrete

G. Calculation of Section un- cracked in flexure

b = width in the case of rectangular member and width of the rib in the case of T, I and L beams
d = overall depth of the member
fcp = compressive stress at centroidal axis due to prestress taken as positive.

III. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF POST-TENSIONED DECK TYPE BOX-GIRDER BRIDGE

A post- tensioned deck type Box – Girder
Bridges of clear span 30m and width of roadway is 7.5m. Assume Live Load as per IRC: 6-2000 vehicle is passing over deck given in chapter 4 and
table no. 4.2. The Bridge analysis for different L/d ratio starting from 15 to 20 and different L/d ratio considered are as follows:

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 4/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Case 1 L/d= 19, d = 1.6

Case 2 L/d =18, d = 1.7
Case3 L/d = 17, d = 1.8
Case4 L/d= 16, d= 1.9
Case5 L/d= 15, d=2.0

Preliminary data
Clear span = 30m
Width of roadway = 7.5 m
Overhang from face of girder = 1.2m
Deck thickness = 0.2 m
Bottom slab thickness = 0.2 m
Girder thickness = 0.3 m

The tendon profile is considered as parabolic in nature.

As per IRC:18-2000
fck= 50 Mpa, fci = 0.8fck = 40 Mpa,
fct = 0.5fci = 20 Mpa, fcw = 0.33fck = 16.5 Mpa ft = 1/10fct = 2.0 Mpa, ftw = 0

As per IS:1343-1980
Ec = 5700fck1/2 = 40.30 kN/m2
fp = 1862 Mpa, n = 0.85, E = 2×105 Mpa

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 5/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 6/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Validation of Resuts
The bending moment, shear force and deflection result obtained by SAP 2000. The bending moment and shear force are calculated by considering
different loading condition such as dead load, live load and superimposed load. Same as deflection calculated. This results are the Case:1.

Table.1 Deflection

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 7/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Load Case DL + Live Prestressing

SIDL Load Force
Deflection (at
midspan) 30.8 mm 25.2 -14.36 mm

mm

Table.2 Bending Moment(t.m)

Span
0.0L 0.1L 0.2L 0.3L 0.4L 0.5L
(m)

DL 0.00 353.56 628.56 824.98 942.84 982.12

LL 0.00 218.76 381.63 494.10 564.85 587.82

SIDL 0.00 53.46 95.04 124.74 142.56 148.50

Total 0.00 625.78 1105.23 1443.82 1650.26 1718.45

Table.3 Shear Force (t)

Span
0.0L 0.1L 0.2L 0.3L 0.4L 0.5L
(m)

DL 130.9 104.7 78.57 52.4 26.3 0.0

LL 32.92 23.29 14.27 7.42 2.62 0.0

SIDL 19.80 15.84 11.88 7.92 3.90 0.0

Total 183.6 143.9 104.7 67.7 32.8 0.0

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 8/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Table.4 Calculation of Prestress Force

Table.5 Calculation of Eccentricity

Eccentricity Prestressing The eccentricity

(mm) Force (kN) which give
minimum
prestressing force
440 21617.96 (e) = 731mm

548 19380.69

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 9/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

650 17655.06

731 16489.15

Table.6 Calculation of Prestress Losses

(As per IS:1343-1980)

Span
^S ^C ^E ^A ^F ^R Total n
(m)

0.0L 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 90 0.95

0.1L 2.6 2.3 78 9.7 90 182.6 0.9

0.2L 2.6 2.4 39 22 90 155.8 0.91

8E-
05
0.3L 2.6 2.4 26 36.7 90 157.7 0.91

0.4L 2.7 2.5 20 54.3 90 169.0 0.9

0.5L 9.1 8.3 16 171 90 294.0 0.85

Where,
^S = Shrinkage
^C= Creep
^E = Shortening of concrete
^A = Slip in anchorage
^F = Friction
^R = Relaxation
n= Efficiency
After Losses, effective Prestressing Force
(P) = P (1-Losses) = 14011.51 kN
https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 10/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Table.7 Calculation of Stresses at top and bottom fibre

At Transfer At Service Load

Span
(m) Top Bottom Top Bottom
Fibre fibre fibre Fibre

0.0L 4.16 4.16 4.16 4.16

0.1L 2.98 5.48 6.35 0.00

0.2L 1.91 6.67 8.37 0.00

0.3L 2.112 6.44 7.46 0.00

0.4L 2.24 6.29 6.88 0.00

0.5L 3.00 6.24 6.42 0.00

Compressive Stress at
Transfer = 6.66 < 0.5 fcj = 20 mpa
Service = 8.367 < 0.33 fck = 16.5 mpa

Tensile stress at
Initial Stage = 2.979 < 3mpa

(As per IS:1343 – 1980)

Working Stage = No tensile stress

Table.8 Calculation of Ultimate Flexure Strength

Span Ultimate Moment Failure by Failure by

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 11/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

(m) Mu = (1.5DL +2.5 yielding of crushing

LL) (kN.m) steel of concrete
(kN.m) (kN.m)

0.0L 0.00

0.1L 11574.43

0.2L 20394.85
340578.53 5970560
0.3L 26598.28

0.4L 30402.45

0.5L 31654.88

Table.9 Calculation of Ultimate Shear strength

Span Ultimate Shear Balance Spacing

(m) Moment capacity Shear (mm)
Vu = Vcw (kN)
(1.5DL (kN)
+2.5 LL)
(kN.m)

0.0L 3084.27 363.85 2720.43 55

0.1L 2391.35 419.97 1971.38 75

0.2L 1713.50 432.54 1280.96 100

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 12/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

0.3L 1089.90 470.56 619.34 200

0.4L 517.85 492.95 24.90 300

0.5L 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

Design of Reinforcement in Box Girder Bridge

P =14011.51 kN, d = 1350 mm, bw = 200 mm
Assume 150 mm wide and 150 mm deep distribution plate, located concentrically at centre.
ypo /y0 = 75/150 = 0.5 ,
As per IRC:18-2000, From table value of Fbst/ Pk = 0.17 and Fbst = 452.753 kN
Using 12 mm diameter links, area of steel links are,
Ast = 1254 mm/2
Providing 24 bars of 12 mm dia, 750mm also bar of 12 mm dia @ 110 mm c/c horizontally to form mesh.

Side Face Reinforcement

As per clause 18.6.3.3 of IS:1343-1980
Ast = 0.05 x 1350 x 300/100 = 202.5 mm/2
Provide 6 – 12 mm dia on each face of web

Design of Deck Slab

Using M30 grade concrete and Fe415
Total moment due to DL+SIDL+LL = 1427.0 kN.m
Depth required = 150.4 < 250 mm

Main Reinforcement
Ast = 3192.6824 mm/2
Providing 16mmØ bars dia 100 mm c/c
Design of Transverse Reinforcement
M = 0.3ML + 0.2(MDL + MSIDL)
M = 324 kN.m
Ast = 724.74 mm/2
Providing 12 mm dia bars @ 160 mm c/c

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 13/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 14/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

IV. COMPARSION OF RESULT FOR VARIOUS SPAN/ DEPTH RATIO

The comparison of prestress force, deflection and stresses values are obtained for various span/depth ratio ( table no. 10 & 11) for box girder bridge.
The values are calculated as per IS:1343-1980.

Table.10 Comparison of Deflection for various span/depth ratio.

Deflection

Prestress
Eccentricity DL +LL
Span/Depth Force DL-
(mm) –
(kN) Prestress
Prestress
Force
Force

1.6 16.48 731 11.2 36.4

1.7 15.66 777 11.4 33.6

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 15/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

1.8 14.83 829 9 30

1.9 14.02 886 6.6 26.6

2.0 13.20 950 5.6 25.3

Note: All dimension in tonnes and mm.

• Permissible (DL-Prestress Force) = 12 mm
• Permissible (DL-LL-Prestress Force)= 85.7 mm

Table.11 Comparison of stress for various span/depth ratio

Stress at mid span

Eccen (N/mm2)
Prestress
Span/ Tricity
Force
At
Depth (mm) At Transfer
(tonne) Working

Top Bottom Top

1.6 16.48 731 3.0 4.1 6.74

1.7 15.66 777 2.8 3.8 6.33

1.8 14.83 829 2.6 3.6 5.91

1.9 14.02 886 2.4 3.4 5.48

2.0 13.20 950 2.2 3.2 5.08

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 16/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Note: Stress at mid span at working bottom = 0

V. CONCLUSION
This paper gives basic principles for portioning of concrete box girder to help designer to start with project. Box girder shows better resistance to the
torsion of superstructure. The various trail of L/d ratio are carried out for Box Girder Bridges, deflection and stress criteria satisfied the well within
permissible limits. As the depth increases, the prestressing force decreases and the no. of cables decrease. Because of prestressing the more strength of
concrete is utilized and also well governs serviceability.

Advertisements

VI. REFERENCES
1. IRC: 18 – 2000 “ DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES (POST – TENSIONED CONCRETE)” THE
INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS.
2. IRC: 6- 2000 “STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGES”THE ROAD CONGRESS.
3. IS: 1343 – 1980 “ CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE” INDIAN STANDARD.
4. Andre Picard and Bruno Massicotte, Member “SERVICEABILITY DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES” JOURNAL OF
BRIDGE ENGINEERING / FEBRUARY 1999
5. Ferhat Akgul and Dan M. Frangopol “Lifetime Performance Analysis of Existing Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures” JOURNAL OF
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING © ASCE / DECEMBER 2004
6. James H. Loper,1 Eugene L. Marquis,2 Members and Edward J. Rhomberg Fellow. “PRECAST PRESTRESSED LONG-SPAN BRIDGES”
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING © ASCE
7. John R. Fowler, P.Eng, Bob Stofko, P.Eng. “Precast Options for Bridge Superstructure Design” Economical and Social Linkages Session of the
2007 Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
8. Krishna Raju “DESIGN OF BRIDGES” OXFORD & IBH PUBLISHING CO. PVT. LTD.
9. Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Rombach “Concepts for prestressed concrete bridges Segmental box girder bridges with external prestressing” Technical
University, Hamburg-Harburg, Germany.
10. Tushar V. Ugale, Bhavesh A. Patel and H. V. Mojidra (2006).

We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Er. Priyanka Bhivgade for submitting her research on “Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box
girder bridge” to us. We are hopeful that this will be of great use to all civil engineers who are willing to understand the design of prestressed
concrete box girder.

More Entries :

How do engineer determine the number of cells for concrete box girder bridges?
Which type of multiple-cell box girder is better, cells connected by top flanges or cells connected both by top and bottom flanges?
Why does the presence of tension reinforcement lead to increasing deflection in concrete structures?
What are the functions of different reinforcement in a typical pile cap?
Plate Girder In Buildings
https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 17/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

What are the limitations of grillage analysis?

What is the effect of shear lag in a typical box-girder bridge?
In the construction of a two-span bridge (span length = L) by using span-by-span construction, why is a length of about 1.25L bridge segment is
constructed in the first phase of construction?

Comments

Hameed Ajmal Sheikh May 7, 2013 at 12:47 am

It is very useful information for design engineers especially Bridge Design engineer.I shall be thankful if you could send me the Excel sheets
for this design as I intend to use it in near future.Thanks and regards
Engr. Hameed A Sheikh

Reply Link Quote

Yoseph Asrat July 9, 2013 at 5:19 am

I got more information from the documents about bridge design.If u send me more other information about bridge design or other related
documents I develop my knowledge for the future. Thanks for your cooperation.

Eng. Yoseph Asrat.

Reply Link Quote

Sharma RL September 6, 2013 at 11:10 am

I find it very interesting and knowledgeable.

Kindly send more information,Excel sheets and other relevant details
Thanks
Sharma RL

Reply Link Quote

SHOAIB AHMED December 10, 2014 at 8:48 pm

It is very useful information for design engineers especially Bridge Design engineer.I shall be thankful if you could send me the Excel sheets
for this design as I intend to use it in near future.Thanks and regards
Engr. SHOAIB AHMED

Reply Link Quote

Md.Nurul Amin February 24, 2015 at 11:56 am

It is very useful information for design engineers especially Bridge Design engineer.It will be more helpful if the the Excel sheets for this
design is attached.With thanks and regards
Engr. Md.Nurul Amin
https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 18/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Reply Link Quote

Bhandari Jitendra P March 21, 2016 at 7:01 am

Found very Good information. But is it possible for Under and Over pass Box Culvert For P Sc Box girder.

Reply Link Quote

jagtar singh kahlon rtd IRSE May 2, 2017 at 6:35 am

found excellent information such structure in view of public safety for my future works thanks

Reply Link Quote

Dev Lmichhane November 22, 2017 at 5:09 am

please send me excel sheet of boxgirder bridge it would helpful for us to design box girder

Reply Link Quote

Post a comment
Name
Email
Website

Post your comment

Share Information
Submit Content
Ask An Expert

What is Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering Home
Civil Engineering Disciplines
Civil Engineering History

Journals Books & Softwares

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 19/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Free Civil Engineering Magazines and White Papers

Civil Engineering Books
Civil Engineering Journals
Civil Engineering Softwares

Civil Engineering Branches

Building
Bridge Engineering
Concrete Engineering
Highway Engineering
Hydraulics
Marine Engineering
Piles Engineering
Prestress Engineering
Soil Engineering
Steelworks
Surveying
Timber Engineering

Civil Engineering Jobs

Civil Engineering Jobs

Knowledge Center
Construction Equipments
Civil Engineering Disasters
Civil Engineering Events
Civil Engineering Facts
Civil Engineering Information
Civil Engineering Notes From Universities
Civil Engineering Presentations
Civil Engineering Quotes
Civil Engineering Videos
Civil Engineering Wonders
Construction Terms
Famous Civil Engineers

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 20/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Interviews
Material and Site Testing
Measurement Units
Mix Design
Project Reports
Research Papers
Student Corner
Help Others

Civil Engineering Universities/Events

Civil Engineering Universities

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 21/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 22/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

All Civil Engineering Events

Advertise Your Event Here

Gallery - Civil Engineering Pictures

Bridges
Civil Engineers And Workers
Construction Equipments
Construction Site
Roads And Highways
Skyscrapers

Civil Engineering Forum

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 23/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Award

Top Contributors
You can list yourself here by submitting civil engineering related topics to us.
Sreenivasa Hassan Jayaram
Shubham Sunil Malu
Ramasesh Iyer
Sourav Dutta
Er. Kaushal Kishore
Vincent T. H. CHU

Join CEP

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 24/25
5/14/2018 Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Recently Added
Aerotropolis World Summit 2018
The Road Printer
Common Abbreviation Used in Civil Engineering
10th Prefabrication & Modular Construction Asia Summit 2018
9th Dredging & Land Reclamation Asia Summit 2018
Sustainable Asphalt Pavement Design, Materials & Management
2nd Procurement & Contract Management of Infrastructure Projects Summit 2018
Aakaar 2018
Piling & Deep Foundations Asia
Advanced Maintenance Planning & Scheduling Masterclass 2018

Civil Engineering Links

Gemini Geek
The Bigger
Civil Engr. Software Database
Civil Engineering Links

About Us | Contact Us | Disclaimer | Copyright Policy | Privacy Policy | Media | Testimonials

All Rights Reserved:2007-2017

https://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-concrete-box-girder-bridge.html 25/25