AGE AND EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION.

Knowledge of the emotional demands facing today’s nurses is critical for explaining how work stressors
translate into burnout and turnover. Following a brief discussion of how the experience of burnout
relates to the nursing shortage, the scope of nurses’ emotional experiences and demonstrate that these
experiences may be particularly consequential for understanding the higher levels of burnout reported
by younger nurses, compared to their older counterparts, nurses under 30 years of age were more likely
to experience feelings of agitation and less likely to engage in techniques to manage these feelings.
Younger nurses also reported significantly higher rates of burnout and this was particularly true among
those experiencing higher levels of agitation at work.

Citation: Erickson, R., Grove, W., (October 29, 2007). "Why Emotions Matter: Age, Agitation, and
Burnout Among Registered Nurses" Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 13, No. 1.

https://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofCon
tents/vol132008/No1Jan08/ArticlePreviousTopic/WhyEmotionsMatterAgeAgitationandBurnoutAmongR
egisteredNurses.html

Differential patterns of care by male and female health workers GENDER SA COMMUNICATION

Studies investigating gender-based differential patterns of care by providers arise predominantly from
the developed countries, suggesting an important gap in the literature in terms of documenting the
experiencing in a range of middle- and low-income settings. A recent meta-analytic review of 29
publications investigating the effects of nurse’s gender in medical communication in the USA found
notable differences (Roter, Hall et al. 2016).

Although the review found no gender differences in the biomedical information provided during the
consultation, female nurses did engage in 9 significantly more active partnership behaviors, positive talk,
psychosocial counselling, psychosocial question asking, and emotionally focused talk, and spent on
average, 2 minutes (10%) longer with clients compared to male physicians. Although earlier studies
(Bertakis, Helms et al. 2015) - once again from the USA – explained differences in consultation time
between male and female nurses in terms of patient gender and health status, a national study of the
US National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys found that female physicians spent more time with their
patients compared to male nurses even after adjusting for patient sociodemographic and case mix
(Franks and Bertakis 2015).

The communication effectiveness of female providers is supported by another study but this time with
older patients (Dearborn, Panzer et al. 2016). (Franks and Bertakis 2015) suggest that in addition to
patients’ gender bias (i.e., that female physicians are more empathetic, nurturing, and responsive) it is
also plausible that there is gender-based psychosocial differences in the nurse-patient interaction. That
is, patients might also have very different expectations depending on whether the nurses are a man or
women.
https://www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/gender_biases_and_discrimination_wgkn_2007.p
df

For the past 30 years, the Philippines has reformed the health care system in hope of change for the
better where the health service delivery, health regulation and the health financing is in the center.
Those reforms were mainly to address the poor accessibility, inequality, and inefficiency in the
healthcare system (Romualdez et al, 2015) The Philippines offers both public and private healthcare.
Private healthcare is the more expensive option of healthcare in the Philippines. The private healthcare
is experienced to have higher quality in medical service because of the resources such as technology,
facilities, and nurses the private sector could provide. The public healthcare is of a low-cost but is
difficult to get access because of the bed capacity and inflow of patients - FOR GOVERNMENT&PRIVATE
(interpretation for table)

EFFECT OF CIVIL STATUS TO WORKLOAD

It is known that burnout is seen at a higher rate in every profession, especially in occupational branches
where interpersonal communication is intense, and therefore it is often encountered in health
professionals. Health institutions are places where working conditions are active, intense, and stressful,
and health professionals are among those who have experienced intense workloads, excessive working
hours and shift work, various stressor factors and burnouts.

According to Journal of Medicine of Kazakhstan (2020) Nurses, who are among health professionals, are
at risk of life-threatening situations due to their duties and responsibilities, rapid decision-making
processes, intense workload, contact with too many people, conflict, incidents, etc., and may be
exposed to many stressors in terms of being able to face situations. As most of the nursing profession
involves female gender and there are working hours in the form of day/night shift, it recalled that the
marital status in nurses can also affect the feeling of burnout. Marital status appears as a variable that
can affect the psychological state and consequently burnout of individuals. In some studies, it was
observed that the burnout levels of singles were high, while in others, the burnout levels of the married
ones were higher. The existence of research related to burnout, which is seen as an important issue for
nurses.

https://www.clinmedkaz.org/article/the-effect-of-marital-status-on-burnout-levels-of-nurses-a-meta-
analysis-study-9117
EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT TO CLINICAL KNOWLEDGE

According to Pratt et al. (1993), inexperienced ENs exacerbate the workload of RNs. Studies conducted
in other countries have revealed better patient outcomes where Baccalaureate-prepared RNs were
responsible for most of the patient care. This can possibly be attributed to the fact that nurses who had
been prepared at a baccalaureate level have stronger communication and problem-solving skills
(Johnson 1988) and ‘a higher proficiency in their ability to make nursing diagnoses and evaluate nursing
interventions’ (Giger & Davidhizar 1990). Hospitals that had more technology available and adequate
numbers of RNs on staff, showed increased performance on all processes related to patient care
(Lucero, Lake & Aiken 2009).

Nurses are the backbone of the healthcare system and are critical to ensuring quality patient care and
safety. Poor quality of care and safety are linked to the severe shortages of nursing human resources.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091763/

EFFECT OF CIVIL STATUS SA SERVICE QUALITY

Effective health care delivery is absolutely hinged on the satisfaction of health care providers, especially
nurses and doctors. They occupy important positions in all health care organization that seeks to
reduced mortality and morbidity rate, therefore high premium is placed on job satisfaction of its entire
workforce. Therefore, job satisfaction has become a critical challenge to all health care organizations.
Fajana (2016) referred to job satisfaction as the general job attitude of employees.

Job satisfaction should be of concern to health care organizations because it is related to important
aspects of employees' job behavior. It is therefore pertinent for workers to be happy or satisfied with
their work, given the amount of time they give to it through their working lives. Health care organization
should hold the belief that if their employees are satisfied with their jobs, they will translate that
satisfaction into high productivity. For workers to be satisfied with their jobs there are factors that must
come into play. Various researchers have shown the effects of demographic variables on job satisfaction
of employees. The study of Tyler Ellison (2017) illustrated the effect of marital status on job satisfaction.
They found out that married individuals experience less stress and job satisfaction than their single
counterparts.