1

Playing for Life – Table Tennis

Learning Outcomes:

Have awareness in the history, structure and equipment used in playing table
tennis.
Understand and apply the different techniques and tactics needed for the sport.
Demonstrate understanding with the rules of the games.
Have a clear understanding on the structure on how to play and to officiate a game.

An Introduction to the World of Table Tennis

Did you know that the sport table tennis is the most popular racket game in the world? Many people
called it as a “Ping pong” game. The sport has been an Olympic sport since 1988.

The game became the largest participated indoor game in the world. Because it can be participated
by any group age (young and old), male or female, able and disabled, fit and not fit, it is basically a
sport for everyone.

And since it is an indoor game, even in limited space or small room, the equipment needed is easy to
set up and not expensive. As a school activity a table tennis game promotes the following:

a. Mind and body coordination and combination;

b. It is a space user friendly;
c. It is not weather dependent since it is an indoor game;
d. It is a versatile sport since it can be played in a gymnasium, class room, hall ways and other
open spaces;
e. Basic skills are easily learned and master.
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Table tennis is the indoor version of the game Lawn tennis; the game was invented by an
Englishman named David Foster in the late 1880’s.

The game was then become very popular; it became popular with different names such as “Whiff –
Whaff, Tennis (Indoor), Gossima, and Ping Pong”. The names were came from several
manufacturers, each manufacturers has their own exclusive patent or trademark name.

Popular Names in the World of Table Tennis

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

DID YOU KNOW THAT? DID YOU KNOW THAT? DID YOU KNOW THAT?

ITTF (International Table
Tennis Federation) was
formed on January 16,
1926 with the
representatives from
Austria, England, Germany
and Hungary.
● ● ● Sweden, Wales.
Ivor Montagu an
Englishman, he was the
first elected chairman and
became president for more
than 40 years
The Original members of
ITTF are: Austria,
Czechoslovakia, England,
Germany, Hungary, India,
John Jaques and Son were
the 1st to manufacture table
tennis sets (racket, ball and
table). They become the
market leader among the
manufacturers in the
1920’s
● ● ●

● ● ●
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Introduction to Table Tennis

Equipment
The basic equipment requirements in table tennis are very least you just have to have tables, nets,
racket and balls. Table tennis equipment is very inexpensive and easy to set up, it is very safe for
younger students / players.

1. Tables
Tables are usually determined the quality by its thickness. It should be 18 mm thick and above are
recommended. There are three (3) types of tables:

A. Free Standing Table

B. Rollaway Table With Playback Facility
C. Fold and Rollaway Table
 5

Dimensions of a Table

2. Net and Posts

It should be easy to assemble and can easily
positioned to the table with any thickness.
Detachable nets and posts are recommended to
use for safety purposes and easy storage.

3. Racket
The rackets has many distinct names like paddle, bat
and blade. The names are mostly from where it is being
played for example the American table tennis player
use to term “paddle”, in Europe it is called a ”bat” and
the official term from the ITTF it is called “Racket”.

4. Ball
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Table Tennis Skills and Drills

Learning Outcomes:

Identify the different types of table tennis grip;

Demonstrate the basic skills in table tennis like ball controlling, service and receiving
the ball using forehand and backhand stroke;
Execute mastery in performing the skills during the game.

The Grip

In the world of table tennis, one of the most important things to master is on how the player
handles the right grip. Since table tennis is a racket sport, the players’ main weapon of defense is in
their hands and that is the paddle or racket.

How to hold a racket is the fundamental of the game, it is the most basic thing the student has to
know and remember. In table tennis there are two basic types of grip the shake hand grip and the
penhold grip
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The Shakehand Grip

This type of grip is known in the Western world, it is the players’ most
favorite kind of grip that is why it is also known as the “western grip”. This
kind of grip is the most versatile and the most popular kind.

The Penhold Grip

This is the second type of grip used in the world of table tennis. This kind
of grip has 3 varieties namely a. Traditional Chinese Grip, b. Japanese or
Korean Grip, and c. The Reverse penhold backhand grip.

The way of holding the penhold grip is like holding a writing pen, the
thumb and the index finger is in front of the handle, while the remaining
three fingers are at the back of the racket for support.

Basic Racket Angles

Proper racket angels are very important in certain shots. There are three varieties of racket angles
that the player / student can choose from and these are the neutral angle, closed angle and the
open angle.
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Key Words:
ITTF – Governing body in Table Tennis
It stands for International Table Tennis
Federation

Western Grip – it is the other term used for

shakehand grip, it was popularized in western
country.

Asian Grip – other term for penhold grip, it has

three versions that came from Asian countries
like China, Korea and Japan
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Activity # 1
Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Basic Ball Control

The basic ball controlling is a good practice to become familiar with the eye – ball – racket
coordination. It is important to control the height of the ball into a certain level using forehand and
backhand of the shakehand grip.

What to do?
 Stand and place the ball on the racket’s face, put free hand at the back;
 Balance the ball for 5 seconds;
 Start hitting the ball to chest level, eye level and above the head level;
 Hit the ball 10 times then catch;
 Do the activity using shakehand grip in forehand and backhand;
 See table below for the pattern.
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Table Tennis Basic Strokes

Learning Outcomes:

Identify the different kinds of service and its importance and the different basic
strokes that is needed for the game;
Demonstrate correctly the basic and advance kind of service using forehand and
backhand serve;
Demonstrate mastery of skills and the application of service and its rules and
regulations;

Service

The service in table tennis is the most important stroke of the Points to Remember:
game because the player has a total control over the ball on  Keep the elbows low.
how and where he / she wants to place them into the  Aim a particular part of
opponents table. Here are some of the basic services using the table.
forehand and backhand.  Make sure to do a correct
service.
There are several ways in serving the ball and these are:

 Basic forehand service

 Basic backhand service
 Backhand side spin serve – advanced level
 High toss forehand serve – advanced level
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Proper Way to Serve the Ball

1. Server put the ball to his/her palm;

2. The server must release the ball upward and before it touches the table it must be
struck by the server;
3. The ball must bounce first at his court / box before passing over the net and bounce
again at the opponents’ court / box; in doubles play, the ball must bounce on the right
box direct to the receivers’ side.

Kinds of Service
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Service Return

The importance of service return is the chance to return the ball in a rally and create an opportunity
for a play or a possible score.

There are different ways in returning the ball: there are beginners / basic level like and the advance
level. Here are as follows:

The Loop

The Chop
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Basic Strokes

There are so many different strokes in table tennis that a player can choose from. But there are
strokes that are easier to learn and these are; a) forehand push, b) back hand push, c) forehand
drive and d) backhand drive.

A. The Forehand Push – the purpose of this stroke is to stop the

opponent from attacking. To play this stroke the player must:
a. Stand near the table and take the proper stance;
b. Strike the ball on its highest peak;
c. Strike the ball at the back bottom part to create a slight
back spin.
B. The Backhand Push – the purpose of this stroke is to stop the
opponent to attack, keep the ball short just over the net. To play
this stroke the player must:
a. Stand close to the table with proper stance and racket
facing slightly upward;
b. Hit the ball at its highest point;
c. Strike the ball on the back bottom part for a slight back
spin.
C. The Forehand Drive – the purpose of
this stroke is to play aggressively and to stop
the opponent from attacking, make sure that
the shot you made lands on the baseline or
sidelines of the opponents’ court.
D. The Backhand Drive – the purpose of
this stroke is to play aggressively and to
stop the opponent from attacking,
make sure that the shot you made
lands on the baseline or sidelines of
the opponents’ court.
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Activity # 2
Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Service and Receive

What to do?
 Use forehand and backhand service / receive;
 The players position is in the right side of the table for forehand service / receive;
 The players position is in the left side of the table for backhand service / receive;
 Keep a diagonal ball path for service;
 Straight ball path for receive;
 For left handed players do it in opposite stroke;
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Series of Games
Single Game – this game is done with single player from each team; it is a match between two males
and/or two females.

Doubles Game – it is a game with pairs (male

or female), all the rules in a single game is also
applied except in the in a line along the long
axis of the table, this line divides the table
between the partners right side box and left
side box( for service purpose).

Important Things to Remember!

A GAME:

 A game is won if the player / players (for doubles) reach 11 points against their
opponent; but there will be an application of deuce in case both player/players tied
in 10 points.
 For a Doubles game,
a. Scoring system is up to 21 points with 5 service privilege per player.
b. For doubles service the ball must bounce on the right box of the receiving
player.
c. After every change of service, the players must switch places. The next
server is the one who receives the serviced ball.
d. During rally alternate receiving of ball between players are applied.

A MATCH:

 To start a match a toss coin or for common games the ball is hidden under the table
by the umpire allowing the player to guess which hand it is in.
 Each player is given two service privileges. But in case of a deuce (10-10 or 20 – 20
points) the players will apply an alternate service privilege.
 A match is consists of 3 sets or 5 sets.
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 Alternate service will be applied between players every end of a set.

 A rally point system is applied on every match.

QUESTIONS COMMONLY ASKED:

 If the ball bounces on the side of the table, is it in our out?? IN it is an edge ball.
 If the score of the player(s) reaches 7 points and 0 point for the opponent. Can you
be declared as a winner? NO. Full score is required.
 For doubles, are you allowed to serve on both side of the table? NO. Service is on
the right side only.
 When the ball lands on the white line of the table, is it in or out? IN.
 Leaning on the table during rally is allowed? NO.
 When your racket touches the table, is it allowed? YES.
 When does the ball bounce on your table? DURING SERVICE.
 When does the ball only bounce on the opponents table? DURING RALLY.
 During rally, how many ball bounce is allowed? ONCE.
 During service, how many ball bounce is allowed? TWICE. One on your table and in
your opponents table.

Key Words:
Basic Strokes – these are the foundations of strokes that can be improved at all
times.

Service - a skill that is used to start the game or match.

Singles - a game that is composed of 2 opposing players.

Doubles – a match composed of 4 players, 1 pair per team. It can be both male
and female.

Mixed Doubles - it is composed of 1 male 1 female per team.

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Activity # 3

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Match Game
Basic service and receive is needed as a preparatory skill in table tennis game, these are the two
most important skill to master.

What to do?
 3 sets in 1 match
 1st player to win 2 sets out of 3 wins the match
 Alternate service every two points

TABLE TENNIS SINGLE GAME 1

TABLE TENNIS SINGLE GAME 2

TABLE TENNIS SINGLE GAME 3

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Activity # 4

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Match Game (Doubles)

Basic service and receive is needed as a preparatory skill in table tennis game, these are the two
most important skill to master.

What to do?
 1 set with 21 points to play.
 1st pair to reach 21 points wins the match.
 Alternate service every 5 points.
 Alternate receiving of ball between players is applied.
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Written Activity # 1
Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Illustrate the following:

1. Draw and write the dimension of table tennis table (5 points).

2. Illustrate a racket and tag its parts. (5 points).
3. Illustrate and write dimension of table tennis net and posts (5 points).
4. Draw and name the characteristics of table tennis ball (5 points).
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It’s Shuttle Time

Learning Outcomes:

Become familiar with the history, different terminologies, equipment and skills in
badminton.
Identify the different equipment used for the game as well as its parts.
Remember important date and name in the world of badminton.

An Introduction to the World of Badminton

It is believed to have originated in Greece some 2000 years ago; it was a child’s game with a name of
“Battledore” and “Shuttlecock”. Aside from Greece it is believed to be played in China, Japan, India
and Siam.

The game was also referred as “Poona” that time there are British Soldiers playing the game in the
City of Pune, India. Between the year of 1856 to 1859 the game was known as “Battledore and
Shuttlecock” until it evolved into a modern badminton game.

In 1877 a first club in badminton was formed which was called as the “Bath Badminton Club”. This
club wrote most of the rules that were used in the first Badminton competition in the world in 1899
it was called as “The All England Open Badminton Championships”.

Now badminton is played worldwide, some countries produced top world class players especially in
Asia especially players from China, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Thailand, India and Chinese
Taipei. For European countries the top players with world class skills are from Denmark, England,
Germany, Poland and France.
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Badminton is considered as an ideal sport for everybody; here’s why:

 The play format and skills needed are very basic;

 The equipment used are not expensive;
 The playing areas are very accessible;
 It is safe and low impact sport;
 It is accessible even with people with disability;
 Anyone can play badminton for life.

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

DID YOU KNOW THAT? DID YOU KNOW THAT? DID YOU KNOW THAT?

BWF is the body that was It was founded in 1934 with
recognized by both IOC the name of International
and IPC and it stands for Badminton Federation until
Badminton World the founding countries
Federation decided to change it in
Badminton World
● ● ● Federation (BWF) on
September 24, 2006.
The first nine members are:
George Alan Thomas was
the the 1st President of BIF
from 1934 – 1955.
Currently the President of
BWF is Poul-Erik Høyer
Larsen.
● ● ●

Canada, Denamark,
England, France, Ireland,
New Zealand, Scotland, The
Netherlands and Wales.

● ● ●
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Introduction to Badminton
Equipment
The equipment used in badminton is very minimal; an open area with high ceiling is good enough for
a court, a racket and a shuttle cock are the basic equipment a player / student must have.

1. Court Rectangular in shape with a outlined with 40mm thick white or yellow in color
line. The recommended surface is made up of wood or vinyl floor cover (Taraflex Badminton
Portable) to reduce the risk of injury.
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2. Net and Posts – posts should stand erect and remain firmed and strong even
with net on it. A net is
made of dark colored
interlocked cord with 15
mm to 20mm, the top
part of the net should
have a 75mm white cloth
attached to it.

3. Racket
Badminton rackets are very light
weighing about 80 – 100 grams;
the first rackets used are made
up of wood until it was replaced
into carbon fiber for its strength
and lightness.

4. Shuttlecock
There are two types of shuttlecock
used in badminton the; a) natural
shuttlecock that is made of goose /
duck feathers the official shuttlecock
used in games and competition and,
b) the nylon shuttle that is made of
synthetic material, it is commonly
used in day to day practice because
of its durability.
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Badminton Skills and Drills

Learning Outcomes:

Gather information on the different skills used in playing badminton.

Execute mastery in holding a racket in backhand and forehand.
Demonstrate the basic badminton skills during match game.

The aim and focus of this lesson is to introduce the basic badminton movements through the
following:

a. Different kinds of Grips

b. Basic movements on hitting
c. Types of service

The Grip

Proper way of holding a

badminton racket is very
important for the sport. It is
part of the basic skill that the
students / players must perfect.
There are two types of grip in
badminton first are the thumb
grip and the V – grip.
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Thumb Grip
This type of grip is used for basic backhand
stroke in front of the players’ body. It is usually used
in the following shot and service like net shots, net lifts, net
kills, backhand drive and in backhand serve.

V- Grip
This type of grip is used for play where
the shuttle is in the players’ level. This
can be used in forehand and
backhand sides.

Kinds of Stance
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Introduction to Lunging
Lunging in badminton is like a big stride. It is commonly used in stopping a shuttle; most lunging is
done with the racket leg of the player. Pictures below will show where and when a specific lunge is
used.

Service
The service in badminton is a shot to start the rally or play. Proper position of the players (server
and receiver) during service is properly observed. The server must serve in the right box for even
number points (like 0, 2, 4, 6), and for odd points the server must take his / her serve in the left side
of his / her court (e.g. 1, 3, 5).
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Types of Serve

a. Backhand Low Serve – the shuttle must travel just above the net from the servers’ box
diagonally to the opponents’ box.
This king of serve can be used in singles and doubles game, but it is frequently used in doubles.

b. Forehand High Serve – this kind of serve is frequently used in singles rarely in doubles, the flight
of the shuttle is very high and falls at the back of the receivers’ court.
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Shots Category

a. Clear Shots
b. FH and BH Drives
c. FH and BH Smash
d. Drop Shot
e. Back Stop
f. Net Play
 Net Shot
 Net Kill
 Net Lift

A. Clear Shots
The purpose of clear shots is to direct the opponent player to the rearmost part of the playing area;
this shot is good for defense or to attack the opponent.

B. FH and BH Drives
It can be classified as an attacking shot; these are shots that have a flat and almost horizontal shuttle
trajectory when it crosses the net.
34

C. FH and BH Smash
These shot is considered as an attacking shot; it is the fastest most aggressive and destructive shot.

D. Drop Shot
It is a shot with a gentle hit / strike from the rear end of the court to the opponents front court; the
shuttle fly just above the net. A drop shot has slow and fast categories.

Back Stop
It is a defensive shot / block often used by the player in response to fast shots like smash and drive
from the opponent. The shuttlecock flies low over the net and lands on the opponents’ front court.
 35

E. Net Play
Net plays are series of plays along the net area or near the net; it requires a finesse and gentle
approach than a powerful one.

Three Types of Net Play:

1. Net Shot – a play that is near to your net going to the opposite net part area of your
opponent, the player can use either forehand or backhand sides. These shots can be played
in straight net – to – net play or cross court play.

2. Net Kill – a shot when the shuttlecock is just above the net providing a clear striking shot.

3. Net Lift (Net Clear) – in this shot the depth and height of the shuttlecock is very important.
This shot is used when the player wants his / her opponent to move from the rear end of
the court.
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Activity # 5

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Front and Back Court Drill

This activity will practice and test the accuracy and control over the shuttlecock.

What to do?

 Pair the students, one will serve as thrower and the other one will be the hitter.
 The positions of the player: player 1 (thrower) stand near the net at his / her back; player 2
(hitter) stands at the center between the right and left box facing the net.
 When player 1 (thrower) throws the shuttlecock, player 2 will try to hit using forehand or
backhand.
 The objective is to hit the shuttlecock sending them to the front court area and back court
area.
 Use forehand stroke for back court and backhand stroke for front court.
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Activity # 6
Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Service Drill

This activity will practice and test the accuracy and control over the shuttlecock for the service.

What to do?

 The player / student will use forehand and backhand serve.

 Stand on the right side box for forehand high serve, and on left side box for backhand short
serve.
 Make sure that the flight trajectory of the shuttlecock will land on the right box of the
opponents’ court end court for forehand high serve.
 For backhand short serve, left – to – left shuttlecock trajectory must be observed and lands
near the short service line.
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Rules of the Games

Learning Outcomes:

Identify the different kinds of badminton games like singles and doubles.
Demonstrate with mastery the skills and strokes used in badminton.
Understand and apply the simple rules and regulations of the games.
Become familiar with the different terminologies used in badminton.

Series of Games

In badminton there are two types of games; a. singles game and b. doubles.

For “singles” it is match between 2 players (1 player per side) either male to male or female to
female match. The singles game uses the narrow but longer lines of the court.

For “doubles” it is a match between four player (2 per side of the court) male pair, female pair or
both 1 male and 1 female for mixed doubles. Both games use the same rules and regulations except
to the size of the court. For doubles it is shorter but with wider width.

Important Things to Remember!

A GAME:

 A badminton match is played with the best-of-three game format with 21 points per set.
The first player(s) who wins 2 sets over 3 will be the winner or a set with straight point of
35.

 If the score of both player(s) tied on the 20th point a deuce will be applied (advantage of 2
points). But if both players reach the 29th point, the first player(s) reached the 30th point
wins the game, no need for a 2 point lead.
42

A MATCH:

 A match will start with a tossing of coin administered by the umpire. Whoever wins
the toss coin can choose between service or side of the court.
 A match is consists of 3 sets per game, there will be a change court between the
players after the set ends; for the 3rd set players will change ends at 8 points in the
game of 15. The first player who wins 2 sets will be the winner.
 Matches always use a rally point system if there is fault a score is awarded plus the
service privilege
 There is a Fault if:
a. If the player touches the net;
b. If the players’ racket invades the opponent court;
c. If the shuttlecock lands outside the boundary line;
d. If the shuttlecock lands on the wrong side of the court during service;
e. If the shuttlecock passes at the bottom of the net;
f. If the shuttlecock caught at the strings of the racket during an attack;
g. If the shuttlecock caught in the net during service;
h. If the shuttlecock was hit twice by the same player successively;
i. If the shuttlecock was hit with the wrong player during service in doubles.
 There is “Let” if:
a. If the shuttlecock was caught in the net and remain suspended during rally,
except on service;
b. If both players committed a fault at the same time during service;
c. If the servers serve when the receiver is not yet ready;
d. If the shuttlecock breaks (the base separates from the feather) at the middle
of a rally;
e. If the umpire unable to make a decision.
 43

 For service and receive:

Singles match:
a. For odd points, a server should serve on the right going to the right side box of the
opponents’ court.
b. For even points, a server should serve on the left going to the left side box of the
opponents’ court.
c. Proper court boundaries will be applied; see picture for reference;

Doubles Match:

a. The player who is in the right side box will serve and receive first;
b. For odd points, a server should serve on the right going to the right side box of the
opponents’ court.
c. For even points, a server should serve on the left going to the left side box of the
opponents’ court.
d. Proper court boundaries will be applied; see picture for reference;
44

COMMON QUESTIONS:

 Is the shuttlecock in or out if it lands on the line of the court? IN

 During a match your score is 17 – 0 or 28 – 0, are you considered a winner? NO
 In a straight game of 35 points, do you need to have a 2 points lead to your opponent? NO
 If the players’ jersey touches the net, is it a fault? YES
 If the players’ racket touches the net or posts, is it a fault? YES
 If the shuttlecock is presumed out but it touches any part of your body or your racket, is it a
fault? YES
 During service, when the shuttlecock lands on the wrong side of the court, is it a fault? YES
 How many times can you hit a shuttlecock? ONCE
 In doubles, do the players need to hit the shuttlecock alternately? NO
 In doubles, if the shuttlecock touches your partner before you hit it, is it a fault? YES
 In doubles, if you and your partner hit the shuttlecock at the same time, is it a fault? YES

Key Words:

BWF – it is the governing body of Badminton; it means Badminton World Federation

Taraflex – it is a high end type of badminton floor cover, ideal for every competition and
badminton clubs.
BH – short for Backhand (Backhand Drives and Backhand Smash)
FH – short for Forehand (Forehand Drives and Forehand Smash)
Ball or Bird – other term used for shuttlecock.
Fault – an error or violation done by the player during game.
Let – much less common faults, it will stop the game during rally and be replayed (no
score).
Odd Numbers – it is applied during service, the player(s) must be in the right side
Even Numbers – it is applied during service, the player(s) must be in the left side.
 45

Activity # 7

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Match Game (Singles)

What to do?
 3 sets in 1 match
 1st player to win 2 sets out of 3 wins the match
 Rally point system up to 21 points per set.

BADMINTON SINGLE GAME 1

BADMINTON SINGLE GAME 2

BADMINTON SINGLE GAME 3

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Activity # 8

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Match Game (Doubles)

What to do?
 There are three sets per game.
 The team with 2 sets win over their opponents will declared as the winner
 Rally point system up to 21 points per set.
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Written Activity # 2

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Illustrate the following for 5 points each:

1. Draw and label the dimension of badminton court.

2. Illustrate plus the parts of shuttlecock.
3. Illustrate plus the parts of a badminton racket.
4. Illustrate badminton net and its dimension.
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Written Activity # 3

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Illustrate the trajectory path of the following (5 points each):

1. Forehand high serve.

2. Backhand low serve
3. Clear Shots
4. FH and BH Drives
5. FH and BH Smash
6. Drop Shot
7. Back Stop
8. Net Shot
9. Net Kill
10. Net Lift
52
53
54

Let’s Dig It

Learning Outcomes:

Identify the history and development of volleyball as a sport.

Name the persons who help in making volleyball known in the sporting world.
State how volleyball becomes adapted in all parts of the world including the
Philippines.
Become familiar with the different timelines of development that makes volleyball
game more interesting.

Volleyball Characteristics

A game played by 2 teams with 6 players each playing inside the court and another 6 or less players
for a substitute. A team in volleyball must have at least 6 players to compete in the sport.

The main idea or objective of this sport is to pass the ball among team members to create an attack
against the opponent; they have 3 three opportunities before returning the ball to their opponents’.
A single player cannot hit the ball two times consecutively it will be a violation for the game.

The game starts by a toss coin administered by the referee. A service is how volleyball put the ball
into play until it rallies back and forth over the net inside the court. There will be a fault if the ball
falls out of the playing area, or a player fails to return the ball over to their opponents’ court.

A volleyball game used a rally point system which means there will be an awarded point on every
error; a match is usually consists of 3 sets for regular game or 5 sets for championship game. A set
has 25 points with 2 points advantage over their opponent to win the set; and 2 sets win over their
opponent to be declared as a winning team.
 55

History and Development of Volleyball

It all started when William Morgan had an idea to blend the game elements of four different sports
like basketball, baseball, tennis and handball in 1895. He was then the Director of Physical Education
of YMCA located in Holyoke Massachusetts. Morgan was motivated by Dr. James Naismith to create
a new game with less body contact among the players unlike in basketball, the first students who
got to play this game are with his businessmen class and it was called as Mintonette.

The first demonstration of the game was held on July 7, 1896, when William Morgan was invited to
a conference at Springfield College. During a demonstration, Alfred Halstead a faculty member,
suggested to change the name of MINTONETTE to VOLLEYBALL since the ball is volleying back and
forth over the net

In 1910, Elwood S. Brown introduced volleyball in the Philippines where the first Far East
competition was held, categories for men and women where open on that competition and we are
lucky to bring home the first championship trophy in 1913. In 1921 the Philippines open the first
national tournament held in Meralaco Gym which was represented by the Meralco team for men
and the Philippine Normal School for women. Both men and women won the championship title.
56

Its Facilities and Equipment

The importance of equipment in volleyball game is necessary for the students to become more
familiar with what they are going to use or play into. Familiarity in the laying area, familiarization to
the weight of the ball and the height of the net is an important factor to volleyball game.

1. Playing Court
a. Dimensions: It is composed of 18m x 9m rectangular shape with at least 2m – 3m free
zones around the playing area. The playing surface should have at least 7 m high of free
obstructions.
b. Court Surface: The playing court should be free from any obstruction, slippery and very
rough surface is not advisable to be used as a playing area.
c. Boundary Lines: The lines must be in light color and different from any other lines; it
should be in contrast color from the surface to be easily seen.
d. Center Line: it is a dividing line between the two equal courts; the line is extended from
side line to side line.
e. Zone Lines: the zone lines are either attack lines or the free zone lines; the attack zones
are the areas in front of the net for sides and the free zones are the areas near the side
and end lines.

2. Equipment

a. Net: It is made of 10cm square dark stitches, both ends of the net has rope that is tied to
the poles to be stretched. The height of the net differs from male and female; for male
the standard height is 2.43 meters and 2.24 meters for female. The height of the net
should be the same from side – center – side.
b. Antennae: They are considered as the extension of the side lines, it is fastened to both
ends of the net parallel to the side lines.
c. Poles: The poles are the support for the net; it should be adjustable with the height of
2.55 meters.
d. Ball: It is made of leather or rubber, a ball has a rubber bladder inside covered with
leather case; its circumference is 65 to 67 centimeters with a standard weight of 260 to
280 grams.
 57

Diagram of the Playing Court:

58

Written Activity # 4

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Illustrate the following:

1. Draw and label the dimension of volleyball court (20 points).

2. Illustrate and label the parts of net (5 points).
3. Draw and label the parts of ball (5 points).
 59

Fundamental Skills in Volleyball

Learning Outcomes:

Identify the different basic skills needed in volleyball;

Apply different technique to properly serve a ball;
Execute the skills in volleyball with confidence;

Passing

This is one of the most important skills in playing volleyball. Its main objective is to move or pass the
ball to their teammate. There are two types of passing first is forearm pass or the bump and the
overhead passing.

A. Forearm Pass
It is commonly known as a bump; it is a manner of controlling the ball after a hit or a ball
contact. The technique for this kind of pass is a total body controlled movement, the arm
must be firm and not swinging and slight shoulders shrug for a more stable bump.
Proper Stance:
a. Lower body
1. Feet are shoulder width apart firmly planted on the floor;
2. Knees are bent and apart for balance.
b. Upper body
1. Hands are lock together; right over left or vice versa;
2. Arms are point down to lock the elbows to a more solid flat form (do not bend your
elbows);
3. Shoulders are shrugged closer to the ear;
60

4. Chin should be tucked to the upper chest;

5. Eyes are focused on the ball and to its contact point

B. Overhead Pass
It is a pass with the use of the players’ fingers as an overhead playing motion; this is to move
the ball from one player to the other. The objective of this pass is to avoid the ball from
landing on the court. If the ball is high enough above your shoulders, the player can take it
with an overhead pass just consider the speed of the ball.
Proper Stance:
a. Lower body
1. Feet are shoulder width apart firmly planted on the floor;
2. Knees are bent and apart for balance
3. It is also can be done using a foot forward for balance, or whichever the player is
more comfortable.
b. Upper body
1. Shoulders are squared and firm prepared for impact;
2. Chin is up aimed at the ball;
3. Arms are pointed upward; elbows are slightly bended;
4. Tighten fingers, hands are slightly closer together;
 61

5. For follow through, the arms should be fully extended after releasing the ball;
6. The ball travel faster on volleyball serve, make sure to make adjustment.

C. The Floor Dig

This kind of skill is for more
advanced and skilled
player, this is usually done
when retrieving the ball in
a very low and almost
impossible to play. This is
usually done using a hand
bump followed by rolling
the body to absorb the
impact from the floor.
62

Service

A service is a move to start the game, or a way to put the ball into play. Service skill provides initial
advantage on earning points especially if the server usually serves an ace. In all volleyball match
there is an order in serving the ball between the players with proper rotation. There are several
types of service a player can perform and these are underhand serve, side arm serve and the
overhand serve which is categorized as floater, spin and jump serve.

A. Underhand Serve
This is the most effective kind of serving the ball, especially for beginner players. There is a
greater chance of achieving a higher rate of accuracy.
How to do an underhand serve?
1. Assume a proper body stance by placing 1 foot forward and the other at the
back for support (for right handed left foot in front, and right foot in front if left
handed) ;
2. The trunk is slightly bended forward;
3. The non-hitting arm holds the ball in front; while the serving arm swings
moving towards the slightly tossed ball;
4. The serving arm must hit the ball with his / her closed fist;
5. At the point of contact the serving arm continues to move upward for a follow
through.
 63

B. Side Arm Serve

This kind of serving style is mostly preferred by female players; this serve falls from a little
advance kind of service because of the trajectory of the ball; it is mostly passes just above
the net.
How to do a side arm serve?
1. Assume a proper stance by standing sideways at the end line of the court (for
right handed turn to the right side of the court when facing the net and do the
opposite for left handed);
2. Put left foot slightly forward for right handed server and do the opposite for left
handed;
3. The non-serving arm holds the ball in front with half stretched between the
waist and shoulder level;
4. Toss the ball upward and hit it at the mid part, timing on hitting the ball must be
observed;
64

C. Overhand Serve
This kind of service is more of an advance way of serving the ball; it is consists of using a
great amount of muscle force by striking the ball with the hand above the shoulders; there
are three types of overhand serve: the floater, the spin serve and the jump serve.
How to do an overhand serve?
1. Put left foot in front for balance;
2. The ball is in eye level; hold the ball with the non-striking hand while the striking
hand is on top or side part;
3. Release the ball to desired height while the striking hand pulls back for
preparation;
4. With a proper timing, Strike the ball very hard as it comes down;
5. Follow through is very important in this kind of serve;
6. The player may include jumping with this kind of service.
 65

Spike (Attack)
An attack is a special skill that every player has to master; it is an offensive strategy used to get an
instant point for your team. An attack used by the hitter is an attempt for the opponents for a score
and it is also makes a volleyball game very exciting to the players and to the spectators as well. The
three aspects that the player must remember are timing, the contact and the follow through.

How to do a powerful attack?

a. The Approach
 start with right foot or whichever the player is comfortable with; then followed by
an average step;
b. The Take-off
 Take a big push off using your leg power as the arms swing upward over your head
to hit the ball as hard as you can;
 Make a quick snap on the wrist and made contact with the ball on the upper part
using the palm;
 Finish with follow through by swinging your arm all the way down to your thigh;
c. The Landing
 Land on both feet with slightly bended knee to adjust your body on the impact to
the playing court.
66

Blocking (The Sparta Wall)

For blocking an attack or spike from the hitter timing and instinct serves as a great deal in volleyball.
The player must be in always ready stance or position to be an effective blocker. It is a defensive
approach by 2 or more players that is aimed to reduce the effectiveness of an attack made by the
hitter before or just after the ball crosses the net.

How to do an effective blocking?

a. The Approach
 Stand on both feet with proper and comfortable distance (shoulder width apart will
do);
 Separated legs is good for your foot work and preparation;
 Keep the knees slightly bended to
always be prepared and ready to jump at all
times;
 Place arms at head height or
higher
b. The Take-off
 With separated legs; spring up as
high as you can as your arms swings and stretch
upward;
 On ball contact; arms should be
in full extension with spread fingers as if your
grabbing the ball over the net;
c. The Landing
 Land on both feet with slightly
bended knee to adjust your body on the impact
to the playing court.
 67

Written Activity # 5

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Define in your own words the following volleyball terms (5 points each):

1. Underhand pass
2. Tossing
3. Underhand serve
4. Overhand serve
5. Side arm serve
68

Activity # 9
Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Individual Volley

This activity will practice and test the accuracy and control over the ball.

What to do?

 The performer will toss the ball to start;

 Using underhand pass; the performer will try to volley the ball for 20 times;
 The height of the ball must be above the head;
 There will be two trials per performer whichever is the highest will be recorded.
 69

Activity # 10
Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Group Volley

This activity will practice and test the accuracy and control over the ball with two or more
performers (students).

What to do?

 In a group of 10 members maximum; 5 members on each sides about 5 – 6 meters apart;

 The students will try to hit the ball using an underhand pass volleying from 1 point to the
other;
 Students from each side can hit the ball for 3 times before passing it down to the other side;
 The count will start after the first hit was made;
 There are three trials per group and the highest among the three will be recorded.
70
 71

Activity # 11
Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Service

This activity will practice and test the accuracy and control over the ball using either underhand
serve, side arm serve or overhand serve.

What to do?

 Stand on the end line of the court;

 For girls they can choose for an underhand or side arm service;
 For boys they will use an overhand serve;
 5 times of service per student’;
 a point will be given if:
1. the ball passes over the net;
2. the ball lands inside the court
3. correct kind of service used (girls: underhand and side arm serve; boys: overhand
serve only)
4. the student / performer is not stepping on the end line
72
 73

The Rules of the Game

Learning Outcomes:

Become familiar with the game rules.

Recognize different hand signals used by the referee during game.
Demonstrate confidence in using different skills during game.

Game Management

For any volleyball tournament a good game management is required. There are many different
games that we can choose from for example single elimination or knock out game, double
elimination, round robin and others.

Important Things to Remember!

A GAME:

 A volleyball match is consists of 3 , 5, or 7 sets per game;

 Per set is composed of 25 points using a rally point system, a team must win with a 2 points
advantage over their opponent;

A MATCH

 The rules and regulations of the games were always adapted from FIVB (Federation
Internationale de Volleyball) the governing body of volleyball;
 The rules and regulations of the game is laid out on both teams before the match for a
smooth and safe game;
 The playing area and the equipment were inspected and checked before the match starts;
74

 A team must consists of up to 13 players including the Libero; for international competition
2 Liberos are allowed per team;
 The coaching staff may consist of an official head coach and one assistant coach (FIVB allows
maximum of 2 assistant coaches);
 The payers uniform must be in same design and color except for the declared libero (in
contrast color from the rest of the team);
 A libero is not allowed to be a team captain or game captain;
 The team captain is authorized to do the following:
a. Represents his/her team to the toss;
b. He/she is authorized to speak to the referee (for explanation or interpretation of the
rules)
c. Authorized to ask for a change of equipment, verify the position of the team,
 The jersey number of the players must be from 1 – 20 only;
 To win a match, the team must win 2 sets in a 3 sets match, or 3 sets in a 5 sets match;
 Per set is up to 25 points with 2 points advantage from the opponent; on deciding set (3 rd
and 5th set) it will up to 15 points only;
 During game proper the team are allowed for a maximum of 3 hits for returning the ball;
 A match is usually start with the tossing of coin administered by the 1st referee with the
team captain;
 The winning team on the toss coin will choose the following:
a. Side of the court or first to serve; and
b. The team will be given the opportunity to warm – up first in the court.
 A match will be administered by the following officials:
a. 1st Referee
b. 2nd Referee or Umpire
c. Table Officials (Score Recorder)
d. Line Judges ( two or four)
 75

Responsibilities of the
Game Officials

FIRST REFEREE:

A. Leads the match; he/she has the full authority among the team members;
B. His/her judgment is always final and has the full authority to overrule any decision
made by other members;
C. He/she can replace an official whose performance is not good enough during a match;
D. Has the full authority in resolving and decides on important matters of the game;
E. He/she has the authority to decide on important matters about the game even if it is
not on the rules;
F. Only the team captain is allowed to approach the first referee for any clarification or
explanation;
G. Control over the game from start to end of match.

SECOND REFEREE (UMPIRE)

A. Assistant of the 1st referee, he/she may continue the work of the 1st referee in case the
1st referee cannot continue his/her work;
B. He/she check and control the scorers;
C. He/she look after the players on the bench (for misconduct);
D. Took control on the substitutions and time-outs made;
E. He/she authorized a special substitution in case of injured player;
F. He/she checks the playing area especially the attack zone;
G. He/she checks the positions of the players at all times;
H. He/she check the fault on his side;
I. He/she check/help the 1st referee on the ball contact on his/her side of the court;
76

SCORER (TABLE OFFICIAL)

A. Seated at the scorer’s table opposite but facing the 1st referee;
B. He/she keep the score sheet;
C. Signal or buzzes the referees if there is irregularities;
D. Indicate the starting lineup for both teams;
E. He/she controls the serving order for both teams;
F. Acknowledge requests for substitution;
G. Records warning, sanctions among the players;

LINE JUDGES

A. They usually stands at the end lines on the right sides of the referees;
B. The line judges functions are:
1. Making signals on ball “IN” or “OUT”;
2. If the ball touches the antenna;
3. If the ball was touched by the player before flying out of the playing court;
4. If the server steps on the line during service;
 77

Volleyball Diagrams:
78
79
80

Diagram 5: Position of the Players and Players Service

Rotation
 81

Diagram 6: Position of the Referees and Other Officials

82

Diagram 7: Referees’ Official Hand Signal

83
84
 85

Diagram 8: Line Judges’ Official Flag Signal

86

Written Activity # 6

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Define in your own words the following official hand signals of the referees and line judges (2 points
each number):

For Referees:

1. Substitution
2. Change of Courts
3. Time outs
4. Ball in
5. Ball touched
6. Ball out
7. Double contact
8. Four hits
9. End of match / set
10. Expulsion
11. Disqualification
12. Double fault / replay
13. Blocking fault
14. Rotational and positional fault
15. Ball not tossed

Line Judges:

16. Ball in
17. Ball out
18. Ball touched
19. Crossing, foot fault
20. Judgement impossible
 87

Suggested Activity:
Volleyball Match:

a. Group the class into 4 with mixed members (boys and girls).
b. Used a knock out game format
c. You can choose between a straight 25 points for 1 set only or 3 sets with 15 points.

Game format:

Game 1: Team A versus Team B

Game 2: Team C versus Team D

Game 3: (optional) Loser 1 versus Loser 2

Grade: Winner 50 points

Loser 25 points

Winner on Game 3 35 points (Optional if there is game 3).

88

Definition of Terms
1. Antennae – a flexible fiberglass rod or other similar material fastened at both end of the net.
2. Change of Courts – the team will change side of the court after the end of set.
3. Disqualification – the player who is sanction with disqualification must leave the playing
area immediately and must not play for the rest of the match.
4. Expulsion – the player who is sanction with expulsion must not play for the rest of the set.
5. Hit – when the ball was touch by any part of the body.
6. Interruption – it happens after a completed rally or during time-outs and substitutions.
7. Intervals – a time after every after set that lasts for 3 – 5 minutes.
8. Libero – it is a defensive player wearing a jersey that is in contrast color among his/her
teammates. A libero can replace any back row player.
9. Rally – It’s a series of playing actions from a service hit until the ball is out of play.
10. Rally Point – a system where the team get a point after a rally is won.
11. Rotation – it is the service and positional order of the team throughout the set.
12. Service – the act of putting the ball into play.
13. Substitutions – an act when a regular player is being replaced by another player to take
his/her place; per team is allowed to have at least 6 substitutions per set.
14. Time out – a time for the players to rest to talk to their coach a team can request for 2 time
outs per set.
 89

Ball is Life

Learning Outcomes:

Identify the history and development of basketball as a sport.

Know the person behind the success of basketball.
Identify the different equipment and playing area that is needed in basketball.

Characteristics of the Game

When it comes to popularity in sports basketball is the first in line; it is viewed by all ages and
gender. It is generally played by two teams of 5 players were the objective is to shoot the ball to
make a point. It’s a game that requires a shooting and passing skills among the players; a teamwork
and understanding between the players is what makes the game exciting to play with and to be
watched with.

All about Basketball

Basketball was all started when it was invented by an American named Dr.
James Naismith on December 21, 1891 in Springfield,
Massachusetts. Dr. Naismith was the director at Mc Gill’s before
transferring to YMCA as a Physical Education Instructor.

The game of basketball was first introduced to his Football and

Soccer players. He needs to create a sport that was suitable
for indoor since it was winter season and he needed it to keep
the players in shape. The first game was played by 9 players each
90

group with a total of 30minutes playing time .It has 13 original rules developed by Dr. Naismith.

The first equipment that used was a soccer ball and 2 peach baskets that attached to a balcony at
the opposite ends of the gym. In 1906, the peach basket was replaced by a metal hoops with
backboard. The concept of the game was derived and incorporated rules from a child’s game duck
on a rock; the main idea is to hit the toy duck from the top of a rock.

Basketball becomes an official Olympic sport on Aug 1-16, 1936 in Berlin, Germany where the
United States defeated Canada with the score of 19-8 for the gold medal. The world governing body
for basketball was FIBA, the International Basketball Federation founded in 1932. They are the one
who create or establish the official basketball rules and regulations.

The sport began to spread and introduce all over the world and finally one of the most successful
and popular game in many nations.

In basketball the equipment’s used and its facilities is very important for the game to be played well.
Basketball game only needs simple and very basic equipment and finding a playing area is not that
hard to find and inexpensive as well.

1. The Court

a. Measurements: The court measures 28m x 15m

b. Edge Lines: 0.05m (5cm) thickness of the lines;
c. Center Circle of the free throw area: Radius of 1.8 m (outer
edge).
d. Mid court area: Radius of 3.6m.
e. Center line: separator of the court (front and back court)
f. Three point line: from the outer edge; it has 6.25m in radius.
g. 1.20m is the distance from end line to backboard.
h. 3.60 m long from the end line to the free throw line.
 91

Dimension of Basketball Court

92

2. Equipment
A. Backboard: Materials used are wood, tempered glass, fiberglass or flexiglass;
Dimension: 72 inches (183 cm) wide by 42 inches (110 cm) tall.
Height from the floor: 2.30m from the bottom part to the floor
Net: made of cord with white, red and blue or white only; it has not less than 30 threads to
not more than 120 with the length of 15 inches to 18inches.
Ring: a solid iron ring securely attached to the backboard; it should be free from vibrations.
It has a diameter of 0.45m from the inside and net of 0.40m in length.
Padding: it protects the player from bumping and be injured to the bottom part of the back
board .
 93

B. Ball: Material used: Leather or Rubber

Circumference: For men – 749 – 780 mm (size 7)
For Women – 724 – 737 mm (size 6)
Weight: For men – 567 – 650 grams
For Women – 510 – 567 grams
Seams: It has 8 – 12 seams with 6.35 mm in width
Height of Bounce: 120 – 140 meters in height.

C. Technical Equipment (Game Clock, Score Board, Shot Clock)

94

Written Activity # 7

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Illustrate the following facilities and equipment used in basketball including their dimensions and
parts and purpose. (5points each number):

1. Playing area.
2. Ball
3. Technical equipment
 95

Fundamental Skills in Basketball

Learning Outcomes:

Identify different basketball skills.

Apply different skills during various skills test.
Demonstrate the skills with confidence.

Basketball is a game that requires different skills to master and improved. If you want to be an
outstanding player a good skill technique will your weapon against your defender to an easy access
to the basket and make a shot.

A key to success in basketball is moving the ball effectively into position to take high percentage
shots. Therefore, the skills of ball handling, passing, dribbling, and shooting are essential to success
in basketball.

A. Ball Handling

Ball handling skill is very important in basketball it is the first thing that need to improve; when a
player has a ball possession he/she must handle it with care because their opponent may steal it
away, so you must protect and guard it through proper body positioning and ball handling skills.
96

The Mechanics

The proper stance in holding the ball should be

slightly bended knee, separated legs for balance
and spread elbows while holding the ball and
place it under the chin. With this position the
ball will be hard to knock out away from you.

The advantage of bend knees is that you can

easily move like if you want to spring forward or
move sideways; the player can either decide if
he/she wants to dribble, pass or make a shot.

At a closer shot of handling the ball you can see that only the fingers are touching the ball not the
palm; fingers must be spread out on the ball for maximum grip.

Techniques to Improve Ball Handling

97
98

Suggested Activity
Skill Test in Ball Handling
Stationary Ball Handling

Directions:

A drill in ball handling starts in a circle formation with six (6) members each group. The instructor /
coach will whistle and tell the players what drills to be executed first. There are corresponding
numbers to execute the specific ball handling drills. Each drill will last for one (1) minute (30 sec.
clockwise rotation and 30 sec. counter clockwise).

 Number 1 tapping
 Number 2 around the head
 Number 3 around the waist
 Number 4 around the leg
 Number 5 head, waist, leg rhythm
 Number 6 figure of eight
 99

Suggested Activity
Skill Test in Ball Handling
Figure of 8 Relay

This ball handling activity that uses figure of eight will enhance the skill of the students as a good
ball handler.

Directions:

 The students uses figure of 8 only;

 Run towards the designated cones;
 Turn passes through the cones and back to his/her group mates;
 Pass the ball to the next in line (do not throw the ball);
 Repeat the procedure to all the group members.
100

B. Passing
Another important skill in basketball is passing; it is an offensive tactics to maintain the ball
possession in your team and can create an opportunity to score. There are different kinds of pass; it
could be crisp and short, high or low, fast and slow and many more.

To throw a pass there should be a connection between the players; to make a successful pass the
player should pass the ball from the waist and within the reach of your teammate; accurate pass is
very important Avoid hard and impossible to catch throws it will be very difficult to control, making
such will open an opportunity for your opponents to steal the ball from your possession.

Kinds of Passing
101
102
 103

Suggested Activity
Skill Test in Passing 1 (Star Pass)

Directions:

 10 – 15 members per group;

 2 – 3 members per station (5 stations)
 The students will perform the different kinds of pass starting with:
a. Chest
b. Bounce
c. Overhead
d. Baseball
 The students will follow a star pattern;
 The thrower should run at the back of the station where he/she throws the ball;
104

Suggested Activity
Skill Test in Passing 2 (2 on 2)

Directions:

 Partner will execute a chest pass and bounce pass; chest pass for student 1 (left side) and
bounce pass for student 2 (right side);
 Both player / students are doing a synchronized lateral movements with chest and bounce
pass simultaneously up to the designated cones and back;
 Proper hand –eye coordination between the players / students is a must in this skill test.
 105

C. Dribbling
A dribble is a continuous tap on the ball to bounce. Complete control over the ball is very important
in basketball to prevent from being stolen by the opponent.
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Styles of Dribbling

A. Side dribbling – is when the player dibbles

on either right of left side of his/her body. He/she
can dribble the ball by swinging it, moving forward
and backward. This helps to minimize the possibility
of a stolen ball.

B. The Crossover – a dribble that changes the

direction of the ball by tapping it with right to left
hand; make the bounce fast and low.
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C. Between the Legs – this dribble gives good

protection to the ball but to be able to do it correctly
a long hours of practice is required to master the skill.
This dribble uses the legs to protect the ball by
bouncing it inbetween the legs of the handler.

D. Behind the Back – a good technique in

hiding the ball against the guard of the
handler; it uses the body by bouncing the
ball at the back of the player moving it
from one side to other.

E. The Turnaround –this technique needs a

quick and alert handler to catch the ball in the right
timing; the player should turn a full 360 degrees
pivot as the ball was released by the right hand and
catch by the other hand. This kind of dribble is very
common in basketball.
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Suggested Activity
Skill Test 1 in Dribbling (Zigzag Relay)

Directions:

 Divide the class into 4 groups;

 The students can use any dribbling styles as he/she run over the cones and back;
 The cones serves as the obstacle to the path of the students / players;
 Make sure to hand the ball to the next to your teammates; do not throw it;
 First team to complete the task without violations wins.
Grade – Point

1st Place – 100 2nd Place – 90 3rd Place – 80 4th Place - 70

 109

Suggested Activity
Skill Test 2 in Dribbling (Straight Relay)

Grade – Point

1st Place – 100

2nd Place – 90

3rd Place – 80

4th Place - 70
110

D. Shooting
Shooting skills has many styles and forms that a player can adopt from; it is an attempt to make a
point(s) by throwing the ball into the basket. A highly motivated player always drives and pushes
themselves to the limit of perfecting the act of shooting technique then it will be easier for him/her
to make more shots during game.

The Fundamentals of Shooting

Researchers say that the players must know and understood the fundamentals of shooting by
encouraging them to learn how to S.C.O.R.E. and use the B.E.E.F. This is what SCORE and BEEF
means:
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Different Kinds of Shooting

1. Free throw – it is a free shot given to the player; a

privilege to shoot once, twice or three times without any
obstruction from your opponent. Always follow the
B.E.E.F. system of shooting.

2. Set shot – this shot is applicable when the player is near or

close to the ring. Spring and aim toward the basket by
strengthening the legs and transfer the body weight slightly
forward as you lift your arms to aim at the basket (ring) to
release the ball for a shot.

3. Jump shot – this shot gives you an advantage from

being blocked by your opponent since you will be
higher to your opponent as you jump higher than the
blocker; the player may jump higher especially when
he/she is closer to the ring for an advantage. Jump shot
is also the key for a fade away shot if the player
masters the jumpshot it will be easier for him/her to
execute a fade away shot.
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4. Lay – up – this shot is very common in

basketball; it is usually done when the
player who has the ball runs toward the
basket for a possible points.

This shot uses the backboard as a support

to the ball but the hand of the player must
be in the right position and the release of
the ball is in correct timing. The player can
use either right of left side, to shoot with
your right hand; your first step will be
your right foot and take off with your left
foot and vice versa. As you jump, take the ball up with both hands. Then, at full stretch,
release the ball with the hand opposite to your take off step. Aim to the back board gently,
at the top of the left corner of the marked square.
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Suggested Activity 1

Points – Grade
114

Suggested Activity 2

Point – Grade

1st – highest number of free throw points 100%

2nd – highest number of free throw points 90%

3rd – highest number of free throw points 80%

4th – highest number of free throw points 70%

 115

Written Activity # 8

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Enumeration: Enumerate the following.

1 – 5. The meaning of S.C.O.R.E.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6 – 9. What is the meaning of B.E.E.F. in basketball.

6.
7.
8.
9.

10 – 13. Enumerate the different kinds of passing.

10.
11.
12.
13.

14 – 18. Enumerate the dribbling styles.

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.

19 – 20. Give two kinds of shooting styles.

19.
20.
116

Tactical and Application

A basketball is a game played by 5 players each per team inside the court. A team is composed of 15
to 18 players plus coaching staff composed of head coach, assistant coach, and medical staff. The
objective of basketball game is to earn points and prevent the other team from making a shot.

In the game of basketball each player inside the court has their own categorized names and
positions. The positions are called:

1. Point guard – he/she is the leader of the team on the court; he/she may act as the extension
of the coach especially during the administration of the game play. He/she is generally
known as the “Court General”.
2. Shooting guard – he/she is basically has a good ball handling skills; with a talent in making
good shots and scoring techniques; he/she is also known as the “Scoring Machine”.
3. Small forward – this player must have a rebounding skill, along with good fundamental skills
in ball handling and passing.
4. Power forward – this player is concentrated in defense and rebounding, so he/she must be
strong and bulk.
5. Center – he/she is the tallest among the players and serves as the cornerstone on most of
the play. He/she usually score points on offense and block the shots on defense.

Offense and Defense in Basketball

Offense

The objective of basketball offense is to try to gain points or score because an effective team
offense will lead to team success. Offence is an act of putting pressure to a defense, to set a play for
a score opportunity and a good position on rebounds. It is a team style to attack for a scoring
opportunity, break the opponents’ defense and move to a right spot on rebounds.
 117

Defense

Defense is an attempt to stop the opposing team to make a shot or to score points. A good defense
player is to always put pressure on the ball and to the man handling it, make sure that the player
who is handling the ball does not make a necessary shot so the proper way to guard the handler is
to push off and continuously stepping forward.

Players during defense should always follow an ECHO SYSTEM it is quick and organized system for
the players to communicate inside the court. Common words or phrase a player(s) usually echoed
are: stop the ball, no lay ups, no threes, no fouls and no second shot and being followed by a good
defensive stance is a great combination for an effective defense.

Defensive Basketball Stance

To move in any directions at any given time starts with proper athletic stance. It includes proper
footwork to maintain a balance at all times. Footwork has corresponding arm actions for offensive
and defensive play and it is called the fighting positions of the player.

Proper Positions for Athletic Stance

1. The player foot should be in

staggered stance. Avoid hopping. Leg
must not cross while doing the stance.
2. Feet shoulder-width apart and
the weight must be on toes to maintain
equilibrium.
3. Hands and arms should be bent and be kept close to the body for balance and quickness.
118
 119

The Rules of the Game

Learning Outcomes:

Identify and execute the proper way of playing the game.

Provide the general information on how to play the game.
Identify the foul and violations committed by the players.

Game Management

Basketball has different styles in playing, nowadays modified game format and styles came out like 3
on 3 or the conventional 5 on 5 game. For the game format there is always a single elimination or
the knockout game, double elimination and round robin and many others.

Important Things to Remember!

A GAME:

 A game is consists of 4 quarters with 10 minutes each;

 The game clocks stop on half time, in between quarters, time outs, free throw and out of
bounds;
 There is a 5 minutes extension during a tied score on the last quarter;
 There is a 24 seconds shot clock;
 A game always starts with a jump ball held in the mid – court area.
120

A MATCH:

 The rules of the game were adapted from the International Basketball Federation or well
known as FIBA 2014;
 A team must consists of 15 – 18 players;
 The coaching staff may consist of a Head Coach and Assistant Coach plus staff (manager,
doctor, statistician, interpreter) ;
 Uniforms of the players must be in the same design and color per team;
 The team bench area must have 14 available seats for other non – playing members like
coaches, medical staff and others.
 During an injury:
a. The organizers can stop or delay the game;
b. If the player with injury cannot continue with the rest of the match, he/she may be
substituted;
c. With the permission from the game officials, the team officials may enter the court to
attend to the injured player;
d. The team or organizers doctor may attend to the injured player anytime even without
permission from the officials;
 A team captain (CAP) is assigned by the coaches, and his responsibilities are:
a. Represents his/her team;
b. He /she can ask the officials for clarifications;
c. He/she will inform the officials immediately after the game if there is a protest;
 The coaches duties, responsibilities and powers;
a. Before the game starts he/she must provide an official playing list with their
corresponding number to the scorer;
b. He/she must confirm the starting 5 of the team;
c. Can go the technical committee’s for official result or information;
 Fouls committed by the player is up to 5 personal fouls (amateur) and 6 for professional
games;
 5 team fouls per quarter before the penalty (with free throw shot);
 Time outs lasts for 1 minute:
 121

a. 2 time outs on 1st half;

b. 3 time outs on 2nd half, but if the team unable to use their three time outs after the last
two minutes of the 4th quarter, the team will automatically lose 1 time out privilege.
c. For extra period 1 time out privilege per 1 team will be granted.
 During substitution:
a. A player may enter for substitution on stopped game clock;
b. The ball becomes dead;
c. Before a free throw;
d. During time outs
 Forfeited game:
a. If after 15 minutes from their scheduled game and there are less than 5 available players
ready to play, the game will be forfeited;
b. The team(s) undesirable actions can be grounds for a forfeited game ;
 Common violations in basketball may lead to loss of ball possession, here are the common
violations committed by the players;
a. Double dribble
b. Charging
c. Back court violation
d. Travelling
e. Time violations like
1. 8 seconds in back court
2. 5 seconds inbound
3. 5 seconds in possession
4. 3 seconds in the lane
5. 24 seconds shot clock
 A match will be administered by the following officials;
a. Referees
b. Table officials (Technical Officials)
122

Responsibilities and Powers of the Game Officials

Officials, Table Officials and Commissioner
The Referees

 Administer the jump ball;

 Inspect the equipment, 2 official ball for the game;
 Designate the table officials;
 Have the power to stop the game if necessary;
 Have the power to forfeit the game if necessary;
 Make the final decision when necessary;
 Check the scorebook two minutes before the game to see if the names and numbers of all
players are listed and the starting line-up or first five of the team is listed.
 Check the scorebook and the scoreboard at the end of each quarter or half time break.
 Decide if a goal shall count in case of conflict in the decision.
 Suspend the game for unsportsmanlike conduct and behavior, restore order and discipline
in the game, and discontinue the game if order is not restored.
 Make decision on any point not covered in the situations on or off the court during playing
time intermissions.
 Conduct the game in accordance with the rules.
 Exchange positions after each foul or jump ball decision.
 Call violations, foul, and tie balls in the assigned zone.
 Order time-out or time-in.
 Administer jump balls and penalties for violations.
 Assist to whom the ball belongs to on free throws, time-outs, or out-of-bounds plays.
 Blow whistle, signal time-out, designate the offender, and announce the name of the foul
for the recorder and other bench officials to know.
 Give permission to players to leave the court and beckon substitutes into the game.
 Secure the game ball in order that neither team uses it for practice.
 123

The Table Officials

 Record points scored, player foul, and team foul and charged time-out in scorebook of the
game.
 Sound a signal for charge and time-out.
 Timer will keep record of playing time and time of stoppage.
 Handle the stop clock placed in front of him on a table for two timers to see.
 A second stop watch is used in timing time-outs. The timer is provided with a horn to notify
the expiration of the playing time.
 One of the timers shall operate the second device and indicate violation by sounding the
signal.
 Notify officials and timer when there are two minutes or less remaining in the fourth
quarter or second half.
124

Official Hand Signals Used by the Referees

Adapted from the FIBA Official Basketball Rules 2014

Game Clock Signals

Scoring

Substitution and Time Out

 125

Informative

Violations
126

Number of Players
127
128

Types of Foul

Special Foul
 129

Foul Penalty Administration Reporting to Table

Administrating Free Throws – Active Official (Lead)

Administrating Free Throws – Passive Official (Trail and Centre)

Official Score Sheet

130

Adapted from the FIBA Official Basketball Rules 2014

 131

Suggested Activity:
Basketball Match:

a. Group the class into 4 (2 boys group and 2 girls group) .

b. Used a knock out game format
c. For boys game: 10 minutes 1 period only
d. For girls game: 8 minutes 1 period only

Game format:

Game 1: Team A versus Team B

Game 2: Team C versus Team D

Grade: Winner 50 points

Loser 25 points
132

Definition of Terms
1. Back Door – a play where the player immediately run behind the defense and receives the
pass for an easy shot.
2. Back Spin – it is calibrated shot from the shooter.
3. Cross Over – a dribble whereas the handler passes the ball across his/her body.
4. Fade Away – a shot while the shooter jumps away from the basket.
5. Fast Break – it is quick pass to a teammate near the basket; it is a run and shoots offense.
6. Follow Through – a complete extension of the arms after a shot.
7. Footwork – movement of the player pertaining basic stance while maintaining a body
balance.
8. Pivot – a turn making 1 or more steps in any direction using the non-pivot foot, while the
pivot foot stay in contact with the floor.
9. Screen – a movement whereas the offense uses their body to delay the movement of the
defensive player.
10. Seams – the lines on the surface of the ball.
11. Steal – is to snatch the ball from the handler.
 133

Written Activity # 9

Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________________

Section: _________________________________ Teacher: _____________________

Matching Type: Match column A with Column B and C.

Column A Column B Column C

_____:_____1.Behind the Back A. Ball handling W. Star Drill

_____:_____2. Around the Head B. Passing X. Zigzag relay

_____:_____3. Baseball pass C. Dribbling Y. Figure of 8 relay

_____:_____4. Crossover D. Shooting Z. Perimeter

_____:_____5. Jump shot

_____:_____6. Between the leg

_____:_____7. Around the leg

_____:_____8. Free throw

_____:_____9. Lay up

_____:_____10. Overhead pass

_____:_____11. Head, waist, leg rhythm

_____:_____12. Chest pass

_____:_____13. Side dribble

_____:_____14. Around the waist

_____:_____15. Tapping
134

References:
Badminton World Federation. (2011). Laws of Badminton and Regulations. Kuala Lumpur:
Badminton World Federation.

Borrie, S., Cabello, D., Kelzenberg, H., Woodward, M., & Wright, I. (2011). Shuttle Time. Kuala
Lumpur: Badminton World federation.

Federation International De Volleyball. (2014). Official Volleyball Rules. USA: FIVB.

Gialogo, R., & Gialogo, R. (2016). Fit for Life. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House.

International Basketball Federation. (2014). Official Basketball Rules 2014. Barcelona: FIBA.

Jimena, E., & Dagoon, J. (2006). Ball Sports for Fitness. Quezon City: Rex Printing Company Inc.

Jones, B., & Jarvis, H. (2011). Badminton. London: Education and Youth Limited.

Jones, D. (2007). Basketball - It's All About the Shot. California, San Francisco, USA.

Li - Ming, S., & Casebolt. (2010). Badminton Skills and Drills. Taipei: Shi-Da Publishing.

Manrique, M., Adriano, M. G., & Dayrit, A. (2014). Physical Education 4 Volleyball and Basketball.
Valenzuela: VJ7 Publishing.

Nordby, M., Seemiller, D., & Hodges, L. (2000). Instructor's Guide to Table Tennis. Colorado: USA
Table Tennis.

Tepper, G., Rosario, A., & Pruyn, W. (2002). Table tennis in Schools Program. Melbourne:
Waterwheel Press.

Williams, C., & Stevenson, S. (2012). Playing for Life - Table Tennis. Australia: Australian Sports
Commision Publication.

http://www.fivb.com/en

http://www.fiba.com

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketbal

www.usab.com