Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ma211 Assignment Final
Ma211 Assignment Final
Semester 1, 2021
Group members
Name ID #
Arjun kumaran S11184647
Kritesh chand S11122472
Aashutosh pratap S11187390
1
Question 1
Part A
Coordinates for rugby player location:
�1 , �2 = � cos � , � sin � ( �, �)
π
�1 , �2 =− � sin � , � cos � (r, θ + 2 )
�2 − �1
Finding the tangent of the slope: �= �2 − �1
tanθ−1
m=
tanθ+1
�� ��
�� sin �+ � cos �
Then: ��
= ��
�� = ��
��
cos �− � sin �
�� ��
��
��
=�
�� ��
(� ���� + ���� �� )(���� + 1) = ( − ����� + ���� �� )(���� − 1)
dr dr dr dr
rsinθ + tanθsinθ dθ + rcosθ + sinθ dθ =− rsinθtanθ + sinθ dθ + rsinθ − cosθ dθ
��
��
(�������� + ����) =− �(���� + ��������)
��
= −�
��
Use order differential equation �� = − � ��
��
= − ��
�
ln � = − � + �
� = �−�+�
� = �−� . �� Let C = ��
� = ��−�
�
�
�( 4 ) = ��−4 Angle =45°
�
� � �
Since it’s Angle =45° � = 2 2
= ��−4
4
� −�
C= 2
� 4
� � �
r (�)= �� − � , � ≥
� �
2
Part B
i. Convert the polar equation in rectangular coordinates.
r = a cos2 θ
�3 = � �2 ���� multiply both side by �2
r3 = a x2 where x= r cosθ
3
(�2 + �2 )2 = � �2 where �2 = �2 + �2
3
So the rectangular coordinate is: (�2 + �2 )2 = � �2
1 � � �
Area = (�� )2 − (��)2 �� the point of intersection is 2 because cos(0)=2
2 �
�
1
=4( 2 2
0
((6���2 (�))2 − (4 cos2 �)2 ) ��)
3
�
= 2( 0
2
(36 ���4(�) − 16 ���4(�))dθ)
�
=2( 0
2 20���4 (�)��)
�
= 40( 0
2 ���4 (�)��
�
1
= 40 0
2 (���2 (�))2 �� where ���2 (�) =2 (1 + cos 2�)
�
1 1 cos 2� ���2 (2�)
=40 0
2
( 2 (1 + cos 2�) )2 �� expanding the function we get (4 + 2
+ 4
)
�
1 cos 2� ���2(2�)
=40 0
2
(4 + 2
+
4
)��
�
1 cos 2� ���2(2�) ���2 (2�) 1 cos(4θ)
=40 0
2
(4 + 2
+ )�� simplify function into ( 8 + )
4 4 8
�
1 cos 2� 1 cos(4θ)
=40 0
2
(4 + 2
+ +
8 8
)��
�
3 cos 2� cos(4θ)
=40 0
2
(8 + 2
+
8
)��
�
3θ sin(2θ) sin(4θ)
=40[0 2
8
+
4
+
32
]
π
3( ) sin(π) sin(2π) 3(0) sin(0) sin(0)
=40([ 8
2
+
4
+
32
]-[ 8
+
4
+
32
])
3�
=40 [[16 + 0 + 0] − [0 + 0 + 0]]
3�
=40(16)
���
Area = �
������
4
Mathematica verification
Part C
i. Plot the strophoid
r = sec(θ) − 2cos(θ)
1 1
r = cos(θ) − 2cos(θ) sec(θ) = cos(θ)
1−2cos2(θ)
r= cos(θ)
5
(�2 + �2 ) � = (�2 + �2 ) − 2�2 �2 = �2 + �2
(�2+�2)
(�2 + �2 ) = �
− 2�
(�2+�2)
The rectangular coordinate is (�2 + �2 ) = �
− 2�
point of intersection
r = sec θ − 2 cos θ
2 cos θ = sec θ
1 1
2 cos θ = sec θ=
cosθ cosθ
2cos2 θ = 1
1
θ= 2
π π �
θ = 4 upper limit is 4 and lower limit is - 4
Since cosine is positive in 1st and 4th quadrant.
1 � 2
Area = 2 �
� ��
�
1
A= 4� ( sec θ − 2 cos θ )2 dθ expand the function
2 −4
�
1
=2 −
4�
( ���2 � − 2�������� − 2�������� + 4���2 �)dθ
4
�
1
=2 −4
4�
( ���2 � − 4�������� + 4���2 �)dθ
�
1 1+���2�
=2 −4
4�
( ���2 � − 4�������� + 4���2 �)dθ simplify the expression ���2 � =
2
�
1 1
=2 4�
− ( ���2 � − 4�������� + 2 + 2���2�)dθsimplify −4secθcosθ =− 4
cosθ
cosθ =− 4
4
�
1
=2 −4
4�
( ���2 � − 4 + 2 + 2���2�)dθ
�
1
= 2 [4 � tan � -2θ + sin2θ]
−4
6
1 � π π −� −π −π
=2 [[ tan 4 − 2( 4 ) + sin2( 4)] - [tan 4
− 2( 4
) + sin2( 4
)]
1 � �
=2 [1 − 2 + 1] − [ − 1 + 2 − 1]
1
=2 [4 − �]
�
Area = � − � ������
Mathematica verification
Question 2
Part A
I. � = � �, � ; � = � � , � = ℎ(�)
7
�� �� �� �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� ��
� �� � �� �� � �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��
� �� �2 � �� �2 � �� �� �� �� �� ��
= 2 + = +
�� �� �� �� ���� �� �� �� �� �� ��
�� �� �� �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� ��
� �� � �� �� � �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��
� �� �2 � �� �2 � ��
= +
�� �� ���� �� ��2 ��
Ii)
�2 � �� �� �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� ��
�� �� �� �� ��
= +
�� �� �� �� ��
�2 � � �� �� �� �� � �� �� �� ��
= + + +
��2 �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��
Knowing that:
� � � �
= , =
�� �� �� ��
�2 � �2 � �� �� �� � �� �2 � �2 � �� �2 � �� � �� �2 �
= + + + + +
��2 ��2 �� ���� �� �� �� ��2 ���� �� ��2 �� �� �� ��2
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Part B
I)
8
From Chain Rule:
�� �� �� �� �� ��
= cos � + sin θ ��� =− sin θ + r cos �
�� �� �� �� �� ��
Knowing that:
�� �� �� ��
= ��� =−
�� �� �� ��
�� �� ��
= cos � + sin θ
�� �� ��
�� �� �� �� �� ��
= cos � − sin θ ; ��������� ���ℎ =− r sin θ + r cos �
�� �� �� �� �� ��
�� �� ��
= r − sin θ + cos �
�� �� ��
�� 1 �� ��
. =− sin θ + cos �
�� � �� ��
�� 1 ��
. =
�� � ��
===========
Knowing that:
�� �� �� ��
= ��� =−
�� �� �� ��
�� �� ��
= cos � + sin θ …�� 1
�� �� ��
�� �� ��
=− r sin θ − r cos � …�� 2
�� �� ��
�� �� ��
=− r sin θ − cos �
�� �� ��
� �� ��
− . =
� �� ��
ii)
� = ln �2 + �2
1
� = ln �2 + �2 2
�� 1 �� 1
= . ln �2 + �2 . 2� = . ln �2 + �2 . 2�
�� 2 �� 2
�� � �� �
= 2 = 2
�� � + �2 �� � + �2
____________ _____________
�
� = tan−1
�
9
1
�=
� 2
1+
�
�� 1 �
= . − 2
�� � 2
�
1+
�
�� −�
= 2
�� � + �2
�� ��
=−
�� ��
_________
� = ln �2 + �2 �2 + �2 = �2
� = ln � � = �2 + �2
�� 1
=
�� �
______
�=�
��
=1
��
�� 1 ��
�� =
�� � ��
=============
� = ln � �= �
�� ��
=0 =0
�� ��
�� 1 ��
�� = −
�� � ��
===============
PartC
Using Pythagoras theorem, we get equations as:
AB2 = x2 + 22 BC2 = 12 + � − � 2
BC = 1 + � − � 2
AB = x2 + 4
�� = 10 − �
Let: Cost = λ
3kx 2k �−� 2k �−�
Cx = − =0 Cy= − k=0
2
x +4 �−� 2 + 1 �−� 2 + 1
Cy = 2k
�−�
− k=0 �−�
�−� 2 + 1 2k = k
�−� 2 + 1
10
�−� k
=
�−� 2+ 1 2k
�−� 1
=
2
�−� + 1 2
3kx 1
Cx = − 2�( ) = 0
x2 + 4 2
x
3k =�
x2 + 4
x �
=
x2 + 4 3�
x 1
=
x2 + 4 3
2
2 x2 + 4
3� =
9�2 = x2 + 4
8�2 4
�
= 8
1
�2 =
2
�
�=
�
Finding y
�−�
y = 2k − k=0
�−� 2 + 1
�−� 1
=
�−� 2 + 1 2
2 2
2 �−� = �−� 2 + 1
4 �−� = �−� 2 + 1
4 �−� − �−� 2 = 1
3 �−� 2 = 1
1
�−� 2 =
3
1
�−�=
3
Therefore:
1 1
�− =
2 3
� �
�= +
� �
11
Part D
Using Lagrange method find the maximum and minimum height
z = x2 + 4y2 x2 + y2 = 1
�� �� �� ��
��
= 2x ��
= 8y ��
= 2� ��
= 2�
�� �� �� ��
��
= � �� ��
= � ��
2x = λ 2x 8y = λ2y
2x 8y
λ = 2x λ = 2y
λ=1 λ=4
When λ = 1 when λ = 4
Y=0 x=0
�2 + 0 = 1 �2 + 0 = 1
x =± 1 y =± 1
Then:
z = x2 + 4y2 x2 + y2 = 1
Therefore the maximum height is (0,±1), z=4 and minimum height is ( ±1,0),z=1
Mathematica verification
12
Question3
I) Parametric equation of a line
x = x0 + (a2 − a1 )λ
y = y0 + (b2 − b1 )λ
Where 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1
ii)
Distance between λ = 1and λ = 0can be calculated as.
Than finding the equation of robot perpendicular to the line segment will give rise to
a new equation. Inserting (x,y) into the equation as ( (� − �1 ) and (� − �1 ) ) taken
from λ = 0 and the robots intersecting point with the line segment
13
iii)
Substituting C and D in the equation will give:
� = (� − �� )C +(� − �� )d
Question4
Part A
Mathematica verification of the graph
� �
+ =1
3 5
� �
Make the equation into linear:
5
=1−
3
5x
z=5−
3
Let z=0
−15 = 5x
X=3
5x
For z = 5 − 3
0≤x≤3
For y=4 0 ≤ y ≤ 4
4 3 5�
V= 0 0
(5 −
3
) �� �� integrate the inner function first
4 3 5�2
= [
0 0
5� −
6
]��
4 5(32 )
= 0
[[5(3) −
6
] − [5(0) − 0]]��
14
4
= 0
[7.5]��
=[40 7.5y]
=[7.5(4)]-[7.5(0)]
Mathematica verification
Part B
15
16sin2 θ = 8cos2θ where cos2θ=1 - 2���2 �
16sin2 θ=8(1-2���2 �)
16sin2 θ=8 - 16���2 �)
1
sin2 θ =
4
1
sin � = 2
π π π
θ=
6
so lower limit is 6 and the upper limit is 6
1 �
Area = ((�� )2 − (�� )2 )��
2 �
�
1
= �2 ((4����)2 − (2 2���2�)2 ) ��
2 6
�
1
=2 �2 ((16���2 �) − (8���2�)) ��
6
�
1 1−���2�
=2 �2 (8 − 8���2�) − (8���2�)) �� where ���2 �=( 2
)
6
�
1
=2 �2 (8 − 16���2�) ��
6
�
1
=2 �2 ( − 16���2� + 8) ��
6
�
1 2
= 2
[� − 8sin2θ + 8θ]
6
1 � � �
= 2 [ − 8sin(π) + 8( 2 )] − [ − 8���( 3 ) + 8( 6 )]
1 4
=2 [0 + 4�] − [ − 4 3 + 3 �]
1 8π
= [ + 4 3]
2 3
4�
Area = 3
+ 2 3 ������
16
Mathematica verification
17