Problem Sheet No.

1
Submitted by: Mukhamad Zaman Chatkha

Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics-II (CHE-332)

Q. No-1
Consider a steady-flow Carnot cycle with water as the working fluid executed under the saturation dome
between the pressure limits of 8 MPa and 20 kPa. Water changes from saturated liquid to saturated vapor during
the heat addition process. The network output of this cycle is
(a) 494 kJ/kg (b) 975 kJ/kg (c) 596 kJ/kg (d) 845 kJ/kg (e) 1148 kJ/kg
Q. No-2
A simple ideal Rankine cycle operates between the pressure limits of 10 kPa and 3 MPa, with a turbine inlet
temperature of 600°C. Disregarding the pump work, the cycle efficiency is
(a) 24 percent (b) 37 percent (c) 52 percent (d) 63 percent (e) 71 percent
Q. No-3
A simple ideal Rankine cycle operates between the pressure limits of 10 kPa and 5 MPa, with a turbine inlet
temperature of 600°C. The mass fraction of steam that condenses at the turbine exit is
(a) 6 percent (b) 9 percent (c) 12 percent (d) 15 percent (e) 18 percent
Q. No-4
A steam power plant operates on the simple ideal Rankine cycle between the pressure limits of 10 kPa and 10
MPa, with a turbine inlet temperature of 600°C. The rate of heat transfer in the boiler is 800 kJ/s. disregarding
the pump work, the power output of this plant is
(a) 243 kW (b) 284 kW (c) 508 kW (d) 335 kW (e) 800 kW
Q. No-5
An ideal reheat Rankine cycle operates between the pressure limits of 10 kPa and 8 MPa, with reheat occurring
at 4 MPa. The temperature of steam at the inlets of both turbines is 500°C, and the enthalpy of steam is 3185
kJ/kg at the exit of the high-pressure turbine, and 2247 kJ/kg at the exit of the low-pressure turbine.
Disregarding the pump work, the cycle efficiency is
(a) 29 percent (b) 32 percent (c) 36 percent (d) 41 percent (e) 49 percent
Solution:
1.

Diagram explaining the process and known parameters

Taking the saturation temperature from the steam tables:

T H =568.1 K
T C =333.2 K
The heat input is equal to the enthalpy of evaporation as the question states that saturated water is changed to saturated
vapor. The value for the enthalpy of evaporation is taken from the steam table.

KJ
Q ¿ =h fg =1441.5
Kg
The net work output can be calculated from efficiency and heat input.

W =ηQ ¿
Efficiency is given by the formula
η=¿ TL/TH)
So, the work is
W =¿ TL/TH)Q¿
¿ ¿ 333.2/568.1)1441.1
W =596 KJ / Kg
 The answer is (c)

2.
KJ
P1 = 10 kPa h1 =192
Kg
KJ
(Ignoring the pump work => Wp=0 => 0=h2-h1 => h2 = h1) h2 =192
Kg
KJ
P3 = 3000 kPa T3 = 600°C h3 =3683
Kg
KJ
P4 = 10kPa S3 = 7.51 kJ/kgK = S4(constant entrolpy) h 4=2380
Kg

Using enthalpies above fine Qin and Qout

Qin = h3 – h2
=3683 – 192
Qin = 3491 KJ/Kg
The heat dissipated is taken as h4-h1 as we need a positive value.
Qout = h4 – h1
2380 – 192
Qout = 2188 KJ/Kg
Efficiency = (1 – Qout/Qin) x 100
= (1 – 2188/3491) x 100 =37.4% efficient
The answer is (b)

3.
Quality of steam calculated using any given property p.
p− p f
x=
p fg
Where p is the value of the property at required quality.
kJ
P3 = 5MPa T3=600OC S3=7.26
kgK
S4 = S3(constant entropy) P4 = 10kPa
Turbine exit conditions are given above S4 and P4
 kJ kJ
Sf =0.649 Sfg =8.148
kgK kgK
S 4−Sf
x=
S fg
S 4−Sf 7.26−0.649
x= = =¿ x=0.88
S fg 8.148
Liquid water = y = 1 – x
y = 1 - x = 1 – 0.88 => y = 0.12
The answer is (c)
This method is more accurate however the graphical method may also be used. It gives us a slightly
different value at around 15% condensed water.

4.

Solution:
KJ
P1 = 10 kPa h1 =192
Kg
KJ
(Ignoring the pump work => Wp=0 => 0=h2-h1 => h2 = h1) h2 =192
Kg
kJ KJ
P3 = 10 MPa T3 = 600°C S3=6.9 h3 =36 25.8
kgK Kg
KJ
P4 = 10kPa S3 = 6.9 kJ/kgK = S4(constant entrolpy) h 4=2 186.7
Kg
h4= hf + x4(hfg)
S 4−S f 6.9−0.649
x 4= = => x4 = 0.834
S fg 7.49
KJ KJ
From steam tables: hf=191.8 hfg=2392
Kg Kg
h4 = 191.8 + 0.834(2392)
h4 = 2186.7 KJ/Kg
Applying energy balance on turbine gives us work output:
Wout= ṁ (h3-h4)
Taking energy balance on boiler:
 Qin= ṁ (h3-h2)

 ṁ = Qin/(h3 -h2)

h 3−h 4
 Wout = Qin h 3−h 2 (Qin=800kJ/s)

3625.8−2186.7
Wout = 800 x 3625.8−19 2

Wout = 335 kW

The answer is (d)

5.

KJ
P1 = 10 kPa h1 =192
Kg
KJ
(Ignoring the pump work => Wp=0 => 0=h2-h1 => h2 = h1) h2 =192
Kg
kJ KJ
P3 = 8 MPa T3 = 500°C S3=6.73 h3 =3 399.5
kgK Kg
 KJ
Given h 4=3 185
Kg
KJ
P5 = 4MPa T5 = 500°C h5 =3446
Kg
KJ
Given h6 =2247
Kg

The total heat input is considered by adding Q added at main boiler as well as the reheat.
Q ¿ =( h3 −h2 ) + ( h 5−h 4 )

 Q¿ =( 3399.5−19 2 ) + ( 3446−3185 )
Q¿ =3468.5 KJ / Kg
Calculating the work output from High Pressure Turbine and Low Pressure Turbine:
W HP=h3−h 4 W LP =h5−h6

W HP=3399.5−3185
W HP=214.5 KJ / Kg

W LP =3446−2247
W LP =1199 KJ / Kg

By definition of efficiency:
W net
ƞ=
Q¿
W HP +W LP
ƞ=
q¿
1199 +214.5
ƞ=
3468.5

 Ƞ=0.4075
The efficiency is 40.75% which is approximately 41%
The answer is (d)