Define Graphs:

A graph is a picture designed to express words, particularly

the connection between two or more quantities.

Explanation:
A simple graph usually shows the relationship between two
numbers or measurements in the form of a grid. If this is a rectangular
graph using Cartesian coordinate system, the two measurements will be
arranged into two different lines at right angle to one another. One of these
lines will be going up (the vertical axis). The other one will be going right
(the horizontal axis). These lines (or axes, the plural of axis) meet at their
ends in the lower left corner of the graph.
Both of these axes have tick marks along their lengths. You can think of
each axis as a ruler drawn on paper. So each measurement is indicated by
the length of the associated tick mark along the particular axis.

How to read graphs:

Line graphs and bar graphs are both visual ways of
representing two or more data sets and their interrelation. In other words,
graphs are pictures that show you how one thing changes in relation to
another. Learning to read graphs properly is a matter of interpreting which
pieces of information go together.
Steps for Reading Graphs:
1. Identify what the graph represents. Most graphs will have a clearly
labeled x-element, spaced along the graph’s horizontal axis, and a clearly
labeled y-element, spaced along the graph’s vertical axis.

 The graph’s title should also tell you exactly what it’s about.

2. Check the scale for each graph element. This applies to both line
graphs and bar graphs.
 For example, if you’re looking at a graph that shows how many
salmon returned to a given stream over the period of a few months
last year, each increment along the graph’s y-axis might represent
hundreds, thousands or tens of thousands of salmon returning; you
won’t know which scale numbers apply until you check the graph.
3. Locate the graph element you want information on.
 For example, you might want to know how many salmon returned to
the stream in question in August of last year. So you’d read across
the graph’s horizontal axis until you find “August.”
 Time elements, such as days, weeks, months or years, are almost
always listed along the horizontal (“x”) axis. Quantity measurements
are almost always listed along the vertical (“y”) axis.

4. Read directly up from “August” until you find a dot or a slanting

line, on a line graph, or the top of a bar for a bar graph. Then read
straight across to the left until you hit the graph’s labeled y-axis. Whatever
quantity that line intersects with is the measurement for salmon return in
August.
 So if you read up to the dot, line or top of the bar for salmon in August
then read across to the left and hit “10,000,” you know 10,000 salmon
returned in August. If you hit a point between any two labeled graph
increments, you have to estimate based on where you land between
the 2 increments. For example, if you hit a point halfway between
10,000 and 15,000, you can safely estimate that the correct number
is about 12,500.
Tables:
A table is a data structure that organizes information
into rows and columns. It can be used to both store and display data in a
structured format.

Explanation:
Tables are composed of lines that form boxes and are used to
record facts in an organized way. We say the boxes across the page
are rows and the boxes going down the page are columns. The first row
and first column in a table will have headers that help identify the
information in the table. Numbers that match the labels at the top of each
column and the left of each row will be placed in the table.\

How to read tables:

A table can be read from left to right or from top to
bottom. If you read a table across the row, you read the information from
left to right. In the Cats and Dogs Table, the number of black animals is 2 +
2 = 4. You'll see that those are the numbers in the row directly to the right
of the word 'Black.' If you read a table down a column, you read the
information from top to bottom. In this case, the number of cats is 2 + 3 = 5.

Reading a table down one column or across one row is very useful.
Another great way to use a table is to pick one row header and one column
header to ask a question: How many black cats are there? Follow the row
labeled 'Black' to the right until you find the column that says 'Cats.

Difference between graphs and tables:

Graphs display information using
visuals and tables communicate information using exact numbers. They
both organize data in different ways, but using one is not necessarily better
than using the other.
Tables typically show data in columns and rows. With tables, users can
read the data sequentially as they compare individual numbers. Tables
allow users to focus on a couple of numbers at a time. These work best for
presenting data that uses multiple units of measurement or data that
involves exact values. It can be difficult to compare data on tables because
they require detailed reading and focus.
On the other hand, graphs show patterns, the ups and downs of data, in
visual ways, and they also allow users to compare relationships among
patterns. Unlike tables, graphs often present data in unforgettable,
appealing ways. Line graphs, bar graphs and circle graphs can be used to
present data visually. Line graphs are typically used to display data
changes in time. Bar graphs are best used to compare facts. Circle graphs
work best when comparing parts of the whole.
The table is used in various fields formally to provide a brief account out of
the large collection of data whereas graphs is used to explain concepts in
an elaborate manner.
The basic content that is used in the table is that of quantities, numbers,
names, etc whereas Graphs are used to develop ad represent relationships
among the data.