FINAL EXAM REVIEW FOR MCR 3U

FUNCTIONS (11 UNIVERSITY)

Overall Reminders:
 To study for your exam your should redo all your past tests and quizzes
 Write out all the formulas in the course to help you remember them for the exam. No formulas
will provided on the exam.
 Remember to bring your borrowed text book with you to the exam.

EXAM REVIEW: Rational Expressions

 Factoring (common, difference of squares, trinomial)

 Simplifying Rational Expressions  Multiplication/ Division
 Addition/ Subtraction
 Restrictions

1. Simplify.
a)  3 x 2  4 x  1   x 2  2 x  2  b) 4 y 1  2y 1  y    y 2  2y  1  3 

c)  3z  1  2z 2  3z  4  d) 2  a  2b   3  a  b  2a  b 
2

e)  x 2  5 x  3  f)  x  2   x  1   x  4   x  4
2 2 2 2 2

2. Simplify and state any restrictions.

18 p2q 2 2t  4 2x  4 2x 2  3 x  1
a) b) 2 c) 2 d)
12p 1q 3 t  6t  8 x 4 3 x 2  2x  1

4 x 4 y 6 x 3 y 2 t 2  6t  9 3t  9 2x 2  5 x  2 2x 2  3 x  2
e)  f)  g) 
3x 2y 4 10 x 4 t 2  6t  9 2t  6 2x 2  3 x  9 2x 2  x  3

x2  y 2  x  y 
2
25 x 2  9 8x  6 a2  3a  10 a2  2a  15
h)  i)  2 j) 2 
2x 2  8 x 2xy 4x  x  3 5x  8x  3
2
a  a  12 a2  7a  12

a2  6ab  8b2 a2  5ab  6b 2 a 2  8ab  12b 2

k)  
a2  9ab  20b 2 a 2  ab  6b 2 a 2  2ab  15b 2
4 5 4 2
l)  m)  2
3y  1 1  3y 2m  m  1 m  2m  3
2

3 2 ab ab 2a  b
n)  2 o)  
x  x  12 x  16
2
a ab  b 2
b

1
 EXAM REVIEW: Quadratics

 Solving quadratic equations  By factoring where possible

Using Quadratic Formula when factoring is not possible
 Simplifying Radicals
 Types of solutions (Nature of the Roots)

1. Simplify.
a) 54 b)  24 c) 2  27

d) 2 12  4 20  3 27  5 45 e) 3  6  21  
f) 2 3  3 2  5 4 3 
80 2 5 9  45 4  20 2 3
g) h) i) j) k)
10 3 2 6 2 2 3 3 2
2. Solve each of the following using the most efficient method. x C (No decimals)
a) 3y 2  7y  4  0 b) x 2  4 x  11  0 c) 3 x 2  27  0 d) 2 x 2  3 x  3
1 2
e) y  4y  2 f) 6 x 2  5 x  4 g) 3 x 2  4 x  7 h) 3 x 2  48  0
2
900 900
i) 5 x 2  4 x  20  0 j) 2 x 2  5 x  3  0 k)   25
x x6

3. Solve each of the following inequalities.

q 1 5  q
a) x 2  3 x  3  2 x  x 2 b) 2  m  3  5  3  4  m   2 c) 
2 3
4. Find the value(s) of k so that each function has:
i. two x-intercepts
ii. one x-intercept
iii. no x-intercepts
a) f  x   kx  9x  6
2
b) f  x   3x 2  kx  12 c) f  x   9x 2  3x  k

5. Determine the nature of the roots without solving the equation. (Type and number of solutions.)
a) x 2  5 x  7  0 b) 3 x  5 x 2  2  0 c) 4 x 2  20 x  25  0

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 EXAM REVIEW: Trigonometry

 Evaluate Expressions
 Solving Trigonometric Equations  Special Triangles
 Cast Rule Exact Values
 Factoring
 Using Radians
 Prove Identities

1. Evaluate the following: a) csc170.1o b) cot 74 c) sec   43 

2. If sec  135 , make a diagram and find the other five ratios, if  is acute.
3. If cot   2
21
and  is obtuse, find the exact values of the other five ratios
and the approximate value of  ,

4. Determine the exact value.

7  5   3  7
a) sin b) cos c) tan    d) sin cos  tan tan
6  4  4 4 6 3
5 3 5 3
e) cos cos  sin sin f) 5sec30tan60
3 2 6 2

5. If csc   2 , find all possible values of 0    360 .

6. Solve each of the following for 0  x  2 . Where necessary, round to one decimal place.

a) sin x  2cos x  1  0 b) 4cos2 x  3  0   cot 

2
c) cot

d) 2sin2 x tan x  tan x  0 e) csc   2

3
f) 15 sin2 x  7 sin x  2

g) cos x sin2 x  cos x  0 h) 4 sin x cos2 x  2sin x i) 2cos2 x  sin x  2  0

j) 6 sin2 x  cos x  5  0 k) 6sec

2
  5sec  4  0

6. Prove the following identities.

a) 1  sin2 x 1  tan2 x   1 b) sin x  tan x  cos x tan x  2cos x tan x  tan x

1  sin x cos x 2
c) sin2   sin4   cos2   cos4  d)  
cos x 1  sin x cos x
tan2  2 1 1
e)  sin2  f)  
tan   1
2
sin x 1  cos x 1  cos x
2

1
g) tan2 x  cos2 x  sin2 x  h) sec cos  sec sin   1  tan 
cos2 x

3
 EXAM REVIEW: Transformations of Functions
 Domain / Range
 Amplitude, Period, Phase Shift, Vertical Translation, Reflection (Vertical and Horizontal)
 Graphing Trigonometric Functions ( y  a sin b  x  d   c or y  a cos b  x  d   c )
1 
 Mapping Notation:  x, y    x  d , ay  c 
b 
 Function Notation
 Inverse Function y -1 or f –1(x)
 Explanation of a transformation / Write an equation under given transformation

1. State the domain, range, period, amplitude, vertical translation and phase shift of each of the
following:
1 1
a) y  cos 2 x b) y  3 sin x c) y  3 sin x  1
2 2
  1  x 2 
d) y  sin  x    3 e) y  cos  6 x     5 f) y  5 cos    1
 4 2 2 3 

2. Sketch two cycles of each function in #2.

3. Describe how the graph of each of the following functions can be obtained from the graph
y  f x .
1 
a) y  5f  x   3 b) y  f  x  3   4 c) y  4f  x   2
2 
d) y  f  7  x  5    1 e) y  f  8  x  7  
1
f) y  f  2 x  6   9
3

4. Write the transformed equation if y  f  x  undergoes the following transformation:

It is reflected across the y-axis, stretched vertically by a factor of 3, compressed horizontally by a
factor of ¼, shifted 3 units down and translated 3 units to the left.

5. If f  x   2x 2  5x  1, find:
a) f  0  b) – f  3  c) f  x  3  d) x when f  x   0

6. State the domain and range of each of the following:

3
b) y  2  x  3   5
2
a) y   3  4 x  6 c) y  4
7x  5
7. Given f  x   3x  8 , determine:
a) f  4  b) x when f  x   14 c) f 1  6 d) x when f  x   f 1  x 

8. Determine the inverse of each of the following functions:

2
a) f  x   4x  3 b) g  x   4 x  8 c) h  x   2x 2  12x  14 d) k  x   7
x 5
9. If f  x   2x 2  x and g  x   3  x , determine:
a) f  g  x   b) g  f  4   c) y when f  cos y   0 and 0  y  2

4
 EXAM REVIEW: Exponential Functions
 Simplifying using exponent rules (in power form, radical form, and rational form)
 Solving exponential equations
 Exponential Growth and Decay

1. Evaluate. (No decimals)

2
30  40  125  3 5 2  33
1 3
 
a)  4 
3
b) 1
c) 27 3 d) 16 4 e)   f)
2  8  42  41
2. Simplify: (leave your answer in power form)
(ab)2 x y x y ( x a ) 4 ( xb ) 4
a) b) a  a 2 x  y  a 2 x 7 c)
a xb y x3ab x a3b
30a 4b 2 (15a 2b5 )
3. Simplify, and then evaluate for a = -1, b = 2: 
(5ab 4 ) 2 45a 3b 6
(3a )(3a 1 )(3a 2 )
4. Prove:  27
27a
5. Simplify each of the following. Write the answer using positive exponents.
2 1 1 5
1  2 p 1  3  1  m5  6
4 6
a) b)  2    2  c)    
1  2 p 1  25  5   2  m
6. Evaluate (without calculators):

  
0
1
  c)  0.04 
2 5 0.4 1 3 7 3 7
a) 27 3
 16 4    b) 32 2
d) 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2

7
7. Solve. x  C
1 1
a) 62 x 1  b) 5 x 3  5 x 1  600 c) 4 x 2  9 x
2
d) 32 x  243
36 64
3x
 1  1 
e) 2 x 2  20
 
8
f)  42  22 x 3   16 x 2  
g) 42 22 x 3  16 x 2   
 
 2
x2
h) 3
2x
 6(3x )  27  0 * i) 5  8  57 x

8. In 1976, a research hospital bought half of a gram of radium for cancer research. Assuming
the hospital still exists, how much of this radium will the hospital have in the year 6836,
if the half life of the radium is 1620 years?

9. There are 50 bacteria present initially in a culture. In 3min., the count is 204800.
What is the doubling period?

10. In a recent dig, a human skeleton was unearthed. It was later found that the amount of 14C

in it had decayed to  
1
8
of its original amount. If 14C has a half life of 5760 years,

how old was the skeleton?

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 EXAM REVIEW: Sequences and Series

 Arithmetic Sequences / Series

n
tn  a   n  1 d sn  2a   n  1 d 
2
 Geometric Sequence / Series

tn  ar n 1
Sn 

a r n 1 
r 1
 Recursion Formula
 Pascal’s Triangle

1. Find tn and t12 for each of the following sequences:

a) 9, 15, 21, … b) –1, 2, –4, 8, …

2. Find the sum of each of the following series:

a) 251 + 243 + 235 +…–205 b) –4 – 12 – 36– … –8748
c) 21 + 23 + 25 + … + 43 d) 1280 – 640 +320 – … + 5

3. Write the first 4 term of each of the following sequences:

a) tI = –6; tn = tn – 1 +5; n > 1 b) t1 = –2; t2 = –1; tn = tn – 1 x tn – 2

4. In an arithmetic sequence, the 3rd term is 25 and the 9th term is 43. How many terms are less
than 100?

5. The sum of the first 6 terms is 297 and the sum of the first 8 terms is 500. Determine the 5 th term
if the sequence is arithmetic.

6. Insert 3 terms between 6 and 7776 so that you create a geometric sequence.

7. Insert 3 terms between 41 and 97 so that you create an arithmetic sequence.

8. For (1 – x)11 : a) find t3

b) how many terms are in the expansion?
c) explain where the numerical coefficients of the expansion are coming from

4
1 3
8. a) Expand    using binomial theorem; take the coefficients from Pascal triangle n = 4
4 4
b) Evaluate the sum.

5
 1 
 
3
9. Expand (Leave your final answer in power form): a)  2 z 3  2  b) 3 d  d 3
 3y 

6
 EXAM REVIEW: Finance

Compound Interest: A  P 1  i 
n

R 1  i   1
n

 Annuity: A  
i
R 1  1  i  
n

 Present Value Annuity: P   

i

1. In order to have $7250 for tuition in a year and a half, you plan to deposit money into a savings
account every three months. If that account pays 5.2% compounded quarterly,

a) what will your regular deposits be?

b) how much interest would you have earned?

2. Leo’s parents want him to be able to withdraw an allowance of $2700 every 6 months. How much
should they invest into an account today that pays 8.5% compounded semi-annually so that Leo
can withdraw his allowance for the next 5 years?

3. Determine:

a) the amount $8500 will grow to if invested at 8% compounded quarterly for ten years.

b) the principal that must be invested now at 6% compounded annually to be worth $10 000 in 5
years.

c) The total accumulated amount of $500 invested every month at 7% compounded monthly for 8
years.

4. How long will it take, to the nearest year, for $800 to grow to $1000 in an account that pays 4.5%
annually compounded semi-annually?

5. If a savings account compounds daily, what would the annual interest rate need to be for $500 to
grow to $650 in 3 years?