Konsep dan Asuhan

Keperawatan pada
Populasi Perkotaan
dan Pedesaan
Fatma S. Ruffaida
INTRODUCTION

About half the population live in what is known as the

suburbs, but the remainder live in one of two diametrically
opposed areas: rural or urban.

Community health nursing in urban and rural areas requires

not only general public health nursing knowledge and skills,
but also a unique understanding of how these distinctive
environments affect the health of the populations living
there.
RURAL
DEFINITIONS AND DEMOGRAPHICS
Definitions of Rural
• Rural is defined as communities with fewer than 10,000
residents and a county population density of less than
1,000 persons per square mile.
• Desa adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum yang memiliki
batas wilayah yang berwenang untuk mengatur dan
mengurus urusan pemerintahan, kepentingan masyarakat
setempat berdasarkan prakarsa masyarakat, hak asal usul,
dan/atau hak tradisional yang diakui dan dihormati dalam
sistem pemerintahan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
(UU No. 6 Tahun 2014).
 DEFINITIONS AND DEMOGRAPHICS
● Population Statistics
○ Rural areas have a higher percentage of elderly, along with fewer
physicians, nurses, hospitals, and other health care resources;
almost one-third of rural adults report that they are in poor to fair
health.
○ Rural workers were less likely than urban workers to be offered
insurance. They also reported lower wages and were more often
working in small businesses or were self-employed.
○ Rural areas have a slightly higher fertility rate than urban areas
DEFINITIONS AND DEMOGRAPHICS
● Changing Patterns of Migration
○ Population changes in rural areas
are usually related to natural
increase through births or through
out-migration, the process of
residents moving out of rural
communities and into urban places.
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
Age and Gender

Race and Ethnicity

Education

Income, Housing, and Jobs

RURAL HEALTH ISSUES
Agriculture and Health

The Built Environment in Rural Areas: Relationship to Health

Self, Home, and Community Care

Access to Acute Care

Major Health Problems

• Cardiovascular Disease
• Diabetes
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Access to Health Care
BUILDING PROFESSIONAL - COMMUNITY CLIENT
PARTNERSHIPS IN RURAL SETTINGS

Case Management

Community-Oriented Primary Health Care

URBAN
URBAN HEALTH

● The factors responsible for the

health of urban residents
reflect three broad themes: the
physical environment, the
social environment, and access
to health and social services.
 URBAN POPULATIONS AND
HEALTH ISSUES
● Accessibility
● Children’s Health and the Built Environment
● Elders’ Health and the Built Environment
● Health Impact Assessment
● Injury
● Mental Health
● Physical Activity
● Respiratory Health and Air Pollution
● Social Capital
● Water Quality
 URBAN POPULATIONS AND
HEALTH DISPARITIES

● Urban health disparities present a challenge that

can be addressed only by the joint effort of public
health and urban planning bodies. Coalitions of
public health professionals, planners, builders, and
architects, along with transportation engineers and
government officials are needed to promote
healthy, sustainable communities
 COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING
IN RURAL
AND URBAN
SETTINGS
Working in Rural Community
● The role rural community health nurse
○ Advocate
○ Coordinator/case manager
○ Health teacher
○ Referral agent
○ Mentor
○ Change agent/researcher
○ Collaborator
○ Activist
Working in Urban Settings
● The processes used by the urban
community health nurses included:
○ Forging working relationships
○ Acting as a resource
○ Detecting/asking the next question
○ Making informed judgments
○ Managing a sense of time
○ Teaching
○ Intervening with conditions influencing health
○ Using physical dexterity
DISKUSI

● Cari di internet 2 artikel terbaru yang berkaitan

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THANK YOU