Laboratory Activity No.

3
Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Respiratory System

I. INTRODUCTION

When the respiratory system is mentioned, people generally think of breathing, but breathing is only one of the
activities of the respiratory system. The body cells need a continuous supply of oxygen for the metabolic processes that
are necessary to maintain life. The respiratory system works with the circulatory system to provide this oxygen and to
remove the waste products of metabolism. It also helps to regulate pH of the blood.

Respiration is the sequence of events that results in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
atmosphere and the body cells. Every 3 to 5 seconds, nerve impulses stimulate the breathing process, or ventilation,
which moves air through a series of passages into and out of the lungs. After this, there is an exchange of gases between
the lungs and the blood. This is called external respiration. The blood transports the gases to and from the tissue cells.
The exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells is internal respiration. Finally, the cells utilize the oxygen for
their specific activities: this is called cellular metabolism, or cellular respiration. Together, these activities constitute
respiration.

II. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the laboratory period, the students should be able to:

1. List and explain the function/s of the respiratory system.

2. Name, identify, and describe the organs of the respiratory system.
3. Name, identify, and describe the upper respiratory structures.
4. Familiarize the parts that constitute the larynx.
5. Describe and explain what is meant by the term tracheo-bronchial tree.
6. Differentiate the so-called conducting zones and respiratory zones.
7. Familiarize the microscopic anatomy of the lung.
8. Cite the functions of specific respiratory structures.

III. MATERIALS

Anatomical models – respiratory system Compound Microscope

Prepared slide – Lung Anatomy Book (as reference)

IV. PROCEDURE

1. Study and identify the different parts of respiratory system using the anatomical model/s. (You may use your ipad to
take pictures of the parts).
2. Associate the parts with their functions.
3. View and study the microscopic structure of the lung using HPO. Draw and label.
Name ______________________________________________ Grp.No. _______ Date _________________
Grade/Sec__________________ Prof ____________________________________ Score ________________

Activity 3 – Laboratory Worksheet

Respiratory System

I. LABELING: (you may add some more labels in this image) Please write your answers/labels LEGIBLY AND NEATLY.
Utilize the space right next to the image.

Sagittal View of Respiratory System

Top View of the Larynx

 Write your labels/answers on the blanks provided.

1. _______________________________
2._______________________________
3._______________________________
4. _______________________________
5. _______________________________
6. _______________________________
7. _______________________________
8. _______________________________
9. _______________________________
10. ______________________________
LARYNX

tracheo-bronchial tree
 The ALVEOLUS

The Respiratory Centers

II. Draw the microscopic structure of the lung as viewed under HPO.

CRITICAL THINKING

1. How is the nose the first line of defense against foreign material?
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2. Differentiate Conducting Zones and Respiratory Zones.

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3. How does material inadvertently enter the trachea?

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4. What is/are the functions of the C-shaped rings of cartilage in the trachea?
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5. What is meant by the term tracheo-bronchial tree? and why is it named as such?
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6. Describe the following and cite their function.

A. Type I pneumocytes - _______________________________________________________________________
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B. Type II pneumocytes - _______________________________________________________________________
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C. Alveolar macrophages - ______________________________________________________________________
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7. How do the nervous system and the respiratory system assist each other?
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CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES
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