SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

16AE308 FEM UNIT – III

A 2-D 4-noded quadrilateral element is shown in figure 1. Find the ( x, y ) coordinate

corresponding to (ξ ,η ) of (0.5, 0.25) in the master element.

3 (7,6)

4 (-4,3)

(x,y)
(3.5, 1.96875)

1 (-3,-2)

2 (4,-4)

3 (-1,+1) 3 (+1,+1)

(0.5,0.251)
Master
element ξ

1 (-1,-1) 2 (+1,-1)

A. NAGAMANI DEPT. OF AERONAUTICAL ENGG 16AE308 FEM

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The interpolation functions or the shape functions are

1
N1 = (1 − ξ )(1 − η )
4
1
N 2 = (1 + ξ )(1 − η )
4
1
N 3 = (1 + ξ )(1 + η )
4
1
N 4 = (1 − ξ )(1 + η )
4

x = N1 x1 + N 2 x2 + N 3 x3 + N 4 x4
y = N1 y1 + N 2 y2 + N 3 y3 + N 4 y4

1 1 1 1
x= (1 − ξ )(1 − η ) x1 + (1 + ξ )(1 − η ) x2 + (1 + ξ )(1 + η ) x3 + (1 − ξ )(1 + η ) x4
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1
y = (1 − ξ )(1 − η ) y1 + (1 + ξ )(1 − η ) y2 + (1 + ξ )(1 + η ) y3 + (1 − ξ )(1 + η ) y4
4 4 4 4

=
At ( ξ 0.5,
= η 0.25 )

4
=
N1 0.09375, =
N 2 0.28125, =
N 3 0.46875, =
N 4 0.15625 ⇒ ∑=
Ni 1
i =1

Substituting the values, we get x = 3.5 and y = 1.96875 .

For the ( x, y ) coordinate of (3.5, 1.96875) in the quadrilateral element, find the corresponding
(ξ ,η ) coordinate in the master element.
1 1 1 1
3.5 =(1 − ξ )(1 − η )( −3) + (1 + ξ )(1 − η )( 4 ) + (1 + ξ )(1 + η )( 7 ) + (1 − ξ )(1 + η )( −4 )
4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1
1.96875 = (1 − ξ )(1 − η )( −2 ) + (1 + ξ )(1 − η )( −4 ) + (1 + ξ )(1 + η )( 6 ) + (1 − ξ )(1 + η )( 3)
4 4 4 4

Simplifying, we get

( 3 + 3ξ + 3η − 3ξη )
14 =−
+ ( 4 + 4ξ − 4η − 4ξη )
+ ( 7 + 7ξ + 7η + 7ξη )
+ ( −4 + 4ξ − 4η + 4ξη ) ⇒ 14 =4 + 18ξ + 2η + 4ξη ........(1)

And

A. NAGAMANI DEPT. OF AERONAUTICAL ENGG 16AE308 FEM

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( 2 + 2ξ + 2η − 2ξη )
7.875 =−
+ ( −4 − 4ξ + 4η + 4ξη )
+ ( 6 + 6ξ + 6η + 6ξη )
+ ( 3 − 3ξ + 3η − 3ξη ) ⇒ 7.875 = 3 + ξ + 15η + 5ξη ........(2)

Rewriting (1) to find η ,

10 − 18ξ
4 18ξ + η ( 2 + 4ξ )
14 =+ ⇒ η= ..........(3)
2 + 4ξ
 10 − 18ξ   10 − 18ξ 
Substituting (3) in (2), 7.875 = 3 + ξ + 15   + 5ξ  
 2 + 4ξ   2 + 4ξ 
3 ( 2 + 4ξ ) + ξ ( 2 + 4ξ ) + 150 − 270ξ + 50ξ − 90ξ 2
7.875 =
( 2 + 4ξ )
15.75 + 31.5ξ =
6 + 12ξ + 2ξ + 4ξ 2 + 150 − 270ξ + 50ξ − 90ξ 2
Simplifying, we get 86ξ 2 + 237.5ξ − 140.25 =
0
ξ 0.5, −3.26.
Solving this quadratic equation, we get=
Since ξ = −3.26 is not possible, ξ =0.5.
Substituting ξ 0.5
= = in (3), we get η 0.25.

A. NAGAMANI DEPT. OF AERONAUTICAL ENGG 16AE308 FEM