Stability of Cantilever Retaining Walls

Prepared by

Date June 5, 2021

Identification Cantilever Retaining Wall

Input Data
Units of Measurement SI

Wall
Stem height 8.95 m
Footing thickness 1m
Include Footing embedment, D 1m
Stem thickness - top 0.5 m
Stem thickness - bottom 1m
Toe extension, btoe 1m
Heel extension, bh 5m
m 0.5 m
n 0m
Base Length, B 7m D
Backfill angle, b 0 deg
Surcharge Load Yes
qs 15 kPa
Base Key ? No
g conc 24

Backfill Soil
g Fill 19.2 kN/m3
f' Fill 20 deg
c' Fill 23 kPa
Earth Pressure Theory Coulomb h
Ka 0.438 90.0
Pa = 0.5 KagH' 2 265 kN/m
Pqs = (qsKa) H 65 kN/m

Natural Soil at Base

g Soil 19.2 kN/m3 Reduce c & f for sliding
f' soil 20 deg Yes
c' Soil 23 kPa
Allowable bearing pressure, qall kPa
Forces & Moments
Resisting Moment 5,141 kN-m
Overturning Moment 1,171 kN-m
Net Moment 3,970 kN-m
Rz = SV + qs(Bh) 1,324 kN
Pp = Pkey + PpD 106 kN/m
SFR = SV tanf + Bc+Pp+Pkey 509 kN/m
SFSliding = Ph + Ph qs 321 kN/m

Results

Sliding FS = 1.59 OK
Overturning FS = 4.39 OK
Resultant Location, x = MNet/Rz x= 3.00 m
e = |B/2 - x| e= 0.50 m
B/6 = 1.17 m
Ok, e < B/6 - Resultant located in the middle third

Check Bearing Capcity

q max = (Rz/A)(1+(6e/B)) = 271 kPa

q min = (Rz/A)(1-(6e/B)) = 108 kPa
Bearing pressure OK?

‫ضريب اطمينان باربري‬

‫ضريب ظرفيت باربري‬ Nc = 14.8

‫ضريب ظرفيت باربري‬ Nq = 6.4
‫ضريب ظرفيت باربري‬ Nγ = 5.4
Fγd = 1

‫بستر‬ f' soil 0.349 Rad

q= 19.200 KN/m2
B΄ = 5.996 m
Fcd = 1.067
Fqd = 1.053
Ψ= 14.26 °
Fci = Fqi = 0.708
Fγi = 0.082
Qu = 374.707

F.S ‫ي‬
( ‫اربر‬CC‫= ) ب‬ 1.3847096
 ‫محاسبه برش و لنگر نهايي پاي ديوار‬

V(h)pa = 195.1 KN
V(h)qs = 57.2
V(u) = 378.5 KN
M(h)pa = 582.2 KN.m
M(h)qs = 256.0
M(u) = 1257.2 KN.m

‫كنترل برش پاي ديوار‬

b= 1
d= 0.94 m
Фc = 0.6
Фs = 0.85
fc = 20 Mpa
fy = 400 Mpa
β1= 0.85

Vc = 504.46 KN

‫محاسبه تنشهاي زير پي در حالت نهايي‬

M(ou) = 1756.45 KN.m

M(ru) = 7500.22 KN.m
R(u) = 1904.27 KN
X(u) = 3.02 m
e(u) = 0.48 m
Q(u)max= Q(u)toe = 384.84 KN/m2
Q(u)min= Q(u)heel = 159.24 KN/m2

‫كنترل برش و آرماتورهاي شالوده‬

d= 0.94 m

x= 4.94 m
B+X= B΄ = 11.94 m
qB = 352.61 KN/m2
qA = 320.38 KN/m2

A-A
 ‫=‪q‬‬ ‫‪310.26‬‬ ‫‪KN/m2‬‬
‫= ‪Vu‬‬ ‫‪352.25‬‬ ‫‪KN‬‬
‫= ‪Vc‬‬ ‫‪504.46‬‬ ‫‪KN‬‬

‫= ‪Mu‬‬ ‫‪1216.32‬‬ ‫‪KN.m‬‬

‫=‪R‬‬ ‫‪1.38‬‬ ‫‪Mpa‬‬
‫=‪ρ‬‬ ‫‪0.0044‬‬ ‫>‬
‫<‬

‫‪B-B‬‬

‫=‪q‬‬ ‫‪368.72‬‬ ‫‪KN/m2‬‬

‫= ‪Vu‬‬ ‫‪188.39‬‬ ‫‪KN‬‬

‫= ‪Mu‬‬ ‫‪187.05‬‬ ‫‪KN.m‬‬

‫=‪R‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪Mpa‬‬
‫=‪ρ‬‬ ‫‪0.00063‬‬ ‫>‬
‫<‬

‫میلگردهای حرارتی افقی تیغه‬

‫= ‪As‬‬ ‫‪18.75‬‬ ‫‪cm2‬‬

‫= ‪2/3As‬‬ ‫‪12.5‬‬ ‫‪cm2/m‬‬
‫= ‪1/3As‬‬ ‫‪6.3‬‬ ‫‪cm2/m‬‬

‫میلگردهای حرارتی قائم تیغه‬

‫میلگرد حداقل قائم برای ناحیه فوقانی تیغه‬ ‫= ‪As‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬ ‫‪cm2/m‬‬
‫میلگرد حداقل قائم برای ناحیه تحتانی تیغه‬ ‫= ‪As‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪cm2/m‬‬

‫میلگردهای حرارتی طولی پایه‬

‫میلگرد حرارتی برای ناحیه فوقانی شالوده‬ ‫= ‪As‬‬ ‫‪12.5‬‬ ‫‪cm2/m‬‬

‫میلگرد حرارتی برای ناحیه تحتانی شالوده‬ ‫= ‪As‬‬ ‫‪12.5‬‬ ‫‪cm2/m‬‬
 Units

m
qs = 15 kPa
kN/m3
kN
0.5 5 kN-m
b
m2
7 kN/m
n =0 g conc

0.5 H' = 9.95 Fill

1 H = 8.95 65 Simple Rankine
Pqs
Coulomb
m = 0.5 2 265 Rankine with ba
Pa
6
3

H' =
4 H3 =
Yes
h No
Bt = 1 Bh = 5
qs =

B = 7 Pav
Pah
Pqsv =
Pav 61.1 Pqsh =
d Pah 257.7
13.33 Pqsv = 15.1 k = 2/3
Pqsh = 63.6 ckB
SV tan k f
Kp
Pkey = 0.5 Kpg
Reduce c & f for sliding D=
PD = 0.5 KpgD
2c sqrt(Kp) D
Pp
 Vertical Forces
Element Area Weight Mom. Arm Moment
m2 kN m kN-m
1 44.75 859.2 4.50 3,866.4
2 4.475 107.4 1.75 188.0
3 2.2375 53.7 1.33 71.6
4 7 168.0 3.50 588.0
0.0 0.0
6 0.00 0.0 2.00 0.0
7 0.00 0.0 2.00 0.0
Pv 61.1 7 427.5
SV 1,249.4 SMR 5,141.4
Horizontal Forces
Pa 257.7 3.32 854.5
Pqs 63.6 4.98 316.4
PpD -27.7 0.33 -9.2
Pkey 0.0 12.00 0.0
SFd 293.5 SMo 1,161.7

OK

>3 not ok
> 378.516 ok

< 1.16667 ok
 > 352.246 ok

0.0018 ρ min ok
0.015 ρ max

As = 41.0446 cm2
ok

< 504.46 ok

0.0018 ρ min not ok

0.015 ρ max

As = 18 cm2
ok
 SI

24

Ka Kp
0.490 2.040
0.438 2.888
0.490 2.040
0.438 2.888

9.95
0.00
Include
Do Not Include

15

61.06
257.65
15.07392
63.60189

0.7 0.7
107.3
296.1
2.89
Pkey = 0.5 Kpgh2 15972.11 0
1
PD = 0.5 KpgD2 27.7 27.7
2c sqrt(Kp) D 78.2
105.9
 Backfill Soil

Rankines's Earth Pressure

f' 20 KaR KpR

1-sinf' 0.658 1-sinf' 0.658

1+sinf' 1.342 1+sinf' 1.342

KaR 0.490 KaR 2.039607

Coulomb's Earth Pressure

f' 20 KaC KpC

d 13.33333
h 90.0 sin2(f'+h) 0.883 sin2(-f'+h) 0.883
b 0 sin(h-d) 0.973 sin(h+d) 0.973
sin2h 1.000 sin2h 1.000
sin(f'+d) 0.550 sin(f'+d) 0.550
sin(f'-b) 0.342 sin(f'+b) 0.342
sin(h+b) 1.000 sin(h+b) 1.000
sin(h-d) 0.973 sin(h+d) 0.973

KaC = 0.438 KpC = 2.888

Rankines's Earth Pressure For a Sloping Backfill

c 0 cosf' 0.939693
Backfill angle, 0 cosa 1
f' Fill 20
KaR 0.490 KpR = 2.040

Rankines's Earth Pressure For a Sloping Backfill and a Sloping Wall Face

f' 20 KaR KpR

h 90
b 0 sinb 0.000 sinb 0.000
qa 55.00 sinf' 0.342 sinf' 0.342
qp 35.00 qa 55.000 qp 35.000
cos(b-h) 0.000 cos(b-h) 0.000
sin2f' 0.117 sin2f' 0.117
sin f' 0.342 sin f' 0.342
cos qa 0.574 cos qp 0.819
cos h 2
0.000 cos h
2
0.000
cos b 1.000 cos b 1.000
sin2b 0.000 sin2b 0.000

KaR ### KpR = ###

Stem Design of a Retaining Wall

Flexural Reinforcement

Top Stem Thickness 0.5 m Coulomb a 3.20

Bottom Stem Thickness 1m a= 1.96 As
Stem Height 8.95 m qs = 15 psf
Clear Cover 3 in
g 19.2 KN/m3
Ka 0.438
fy 400 Mpa
fc 20 Mpa
b1 0.85
Thickness
z d Mu Mu+ Mu- Vu R=Mu/bd2 r
of stem
m m m KN.m KN.m KN.m KN
0 0.5 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
5.5 0.81 0.75 261.34 261.34 0.00 116.18 468.01 0.00141

8.95 1 0.94 1,257.23 378.52 1,422.85 0.00453

Mu, ft-lbs
Vu, lbs

0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1,000.00 1,200.00 1,400.00

0

2
Depth, z (ft)

10

Mu Vu
 in

rmax As rmin As
(cm2) (cm2)
0.0153 0.000 0.0018 0.000
0.0153 10.534 0.0018 10.86

0.0153 42.547 0.0018

1,200.00 1,400.00