Multidisciplinary Workflow applied to Multiple Stage OCTOBER 21-23 2008

Hydraulic Fracturing of Horizontal Wellbores:

Evolving the Process in the Lebada Field, Black Sea

Rodica Cataraiani, Petrom, Radu Iosif, Petrom, Alexandru Dragomir, Petrom, Daniel Perez,
Schlumberger, Rafik Belhaouas, Schlumberger, Emmanuel Bize, Schlumberger, Carlos Webel,
Schlumberger

ROMANIA UPSTREAM CONFERENCE, March 24th 2011

Agenda

 Why is reservoir contact important?

 Lebada Fields Offshore Black Sea

 Evolution of the Completion Process

 Offshore Multi-frac Completion Challenges

 Horizontal Multi-frac Completion Solutions

 Production Results

 Conclusions

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 Why is reservoir contact important?

 Single stage vertical well frac vs. horizontal well multiple stage fracturing

Maximize reservoir contact

• Increase recoverable
reserves
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• Increase production
Lebada Fields Offshore Black Sea

 Cretaceous age: carbonate/shale/sand

 Oil and gas reservoir

 Permeability: 0.001 to 2 mD

 TVD: 2,000 m

 BHST: 93 degC

 Producing since early 90’s

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Evolution of the Completion Process

Conventional Completion
• Vertical Wells

• Cemented and Perforated Liner

• No Stimulation Applied

• Economics depended purely on

good reservoir quality and oil prices

1990 1996 2006 2008 2010

VERTICAL WELLS
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Evolution of the Completion Process

Conventional Completion

Matrix Stimulation
• Platform pumps and equipment

• Retarded and non-retarded HCl

acid based system

• 2-3 fold production increase, fast

production decline

1990 1996 2006 2008 2010

VERTICAL WELLS
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Evolution of the Completion Process

Conventional Completion

Matrix Stimulation

Hydraulic Fracturing
• Land based equipment placed on platform and boat
deck

• Single stage prop fracturing with polymer based

fracturing fluids

• Up to 6 fold production increase yet short term

production results

1990 1996 2006 2008 2010

VERTICAL WELLS
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Evolution of the Completion Process

Conventional Completion

Matrix Stimulation Surface

Hydraulic Fracturing

Hz Multistage Fracturing
Reservoir

1990 1996 2006 2008 2010

VERTICAL WELLS HORIZONTAL WELLS

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Evolution of the Completion Process

Conventional Completion

Matrix Stimulation

Hydraulic Fracturing

Hz Multistage Fracturing

Hz Massive Fracturing

1990 1996 2006 2008 2010

VERTICAL WELLS HORIZONTAL WELLS

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Offshore Hz Multi-frac Completion Challenges

Drilling Stay on Target

Minimize severe
Optimize ROP
Optimization dog legs

Multi-service Integration of
MWL, LWD and
SLB-Client
interface
Fast response
Coordination WL data management
data analysis

Completion Selection of the

right completion
Data acquisition Formation
Process system
& analysis Characterization

Fracturing Hydraulic
Fracture
Design &
Pumping
Offshore
fracturing
Process Modeling Schedules logistics

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Horizontal Multi-frac Completion Solutions

Completion Selection of the

right completion
Optimization system

OPEN HOLE FRAC SYSTEM:

 Up to 6 frac stages

 Full wellbore access

 Re-closable & mill-able frac ports

 Flexible packers positioning

 Continuous operation

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Horizontal Multi-frac Completion Solutions

Completion Selection of the

right completion
Data
acquisition &
Optimization system analysis

Real Time Data

Model Setup Quality Control
LWD or WL

Interpretation

Petrophysic Borehole Geology Sonic

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Horizontal Multi-frac Completion Solutions

Completion Selection of the

right completion
Data acquisition Formation
Optimization system
& analysis Characterization

DETAILED OUTPUTS
 Lithology
 Fluids Saturation
 Porosity
 Permeability
Borehole Geology

Mechanical Earth
 Wellbore Shape
Petrophysical

 Faults & Fractures

Model

Model

Model  Stress Profile

 Static YM & PR
 Fraccability

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Horizontal Multi-frac Completion Solutions

Fracturing Hydraulic
Fracture
Process Modeling

KEY FRACTORS:
 Initiation point
 Frac length
 Conductivity
 Height growth
containment

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Horizontal Multi-frac Completion Solutions

Fracturing Hydraulic fracture

Design &
Pumping
Process monitoring
Schedules

KEY FRACTORS:
 Polymer free fluid
 On-the-fly mixing
 Fluid rheology
 Proppant transport
 Proppant flow back
control
 Fluid leak-off
 Material balance
 Frac fluids flow back

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Horizontal Multi-frac Completion Solutions

Fracturing Hydraulic fracture

Design &
pumping
Offshore
fracturing
Process monitoring
schedules logistics

 Over 400 Tons of proppant

 Over 100 m3 of chemicals

 All loaded in vessel for single trip

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Production Results

To date the described workflow for OH Multi-stage frac has been applied in 5 wells in
the Black Sea :
Well Name Date Number of stages 1st Month Production
Well #1 – New well June 2008 3 Fracs 80 Tons/day
Well #2 – New well August 2009 3 Fracs 95 Tons/day
Well #3 – Re-entry March 2010 5 Fracs 60 Tons/day
Well #4 – Re-entry March 2010 5 Fracs 30 Tons/day
Well #5 – New well April 2010 6 Fracs 120 Tons/day

Cumulative Production, BOE

Production rate, BOE/day

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Conclusions

 Lebada Field completion process continues to evolve to reduce the cost/bbl

 Massive multi-stage fracturing is now a reality in the Black Sea

 Image and sonic logs interpretation are key for the completion and frac placement

 The Multidisciplinary workflow and methodology is crucial for the completion success

 Multi-stage Hz completions proven to provide much better economics than previous

approach.

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 OCTOBER 21-23 2008

Thanks!