Antenna LAB

LAB REPORT
LAB 2

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: ABDULLAH IKRAM DAR.

REG. #: 170401014.

CLASS: EE-16-A.

DATE: 17/2/21

SUBMITTED TO:

Dr. Moazam Maqsaood.

 Antenna Lab 2 - Simulation of Dipole using 4Nec2

Objective:
The objective of this lab is to get an understanding of how the 4NEC2 software
works to simulate all important parameters related to the Antennas.
In this lab we will learn:
 Proper use of 4NEC2
 Creating an NEC file.
 Simulation and optimization of dipole properties.
 Simulation of a transmission path.
 The result of the far field simulation
Software:
The software used in this lab is 4NEC2.
Procedure:

 The first step is to create an NEC file for a 1014MHz dipole. (1014MHz are
selected as for this lab, the required frequency had to be the last four digits of the
admission number.). The NEC thus
created is given:
This NEC file is uploaded to 4NEC2 software.

After uploading the NEC file, simulation and optimization of dipole properties are
observed. For this a 3D representation of the antenna structure is visualized as shown
below.

By selecting the option "multi-color" the radiation pattern can be seen.

 After this, we have to observe the input impedance characteristics. We use the
calculator button for that and open the frequency sweep mode. Appropriate
frequency sweep values and the step size is selected and the input impedance
curve is observed.

It can be seen clearly from the curve that

the resonance frequency is 1039Mhz. But
we require 1014MHz. A shortening factor
"x" for correction is provided as a new
symbol for the dipole arm lengths in the
NEC file to adjust the value. With x =
0.9329 we get exactly the desired
resonance frequency of 1014MHz.
The new impedance curves are shown below:

 Now, we have to observe the simulation of a transmission path. For this a second
antenna is needed. We simply need to arrange a "measuring dipole" at a sufficient
distance and turn it to taste and determine the current flowing in its 50Ω
termination resistor. For this, some changes in the NEC file are made and are
shown below:
We have set the transmission power of 1 Megawatt, so that even for larger distances
something happens and we are therefore ready for further action. The result of far
field simulation is shown below:

In this simulation we see the transmitter antenna with a purple band that marks the
feed. The receiving antenna has a light blue cube in the middle segment which
represents the "load", i.e. the 50Ωload resistor.

We are interested in the reception performance in the 50Ω resistor. In the Ident menu
we enter the desired segment, which is number "14".This is easy to understand
because all the segments are listed in order and each antenna consists of 9 segments.
So we find the center of the receiving antenna at"9 + 5 = 14". From this new window
we can see the power received and a current value. We repeat this procedure several
times at m / 8m / 16m, etc. to get the following observations:

For 2m: I = 2.53 - j0.86A (P = 357 W)

For 4m: I = 0.52 + j1.23 A (P = 89.3 W)

For 8m: I = -0.4 + j0.56 A (P = 22.3 W)

For 16m: I = -0.3 -j0.2A (P = 5.59W)

Another test interesting is to make a rotation of 90 degrees around the X-axis. Due
to this the received power decreases to zero.