Antenna Home Task-2

SUBMITTED BY:

NAME: ABDULLAH IKRAM DAR.

REG. #: 170401014.

CLASS: EE-16-A.

DATE: 06/04/21

SUBMITTED TO:

DR. MOAZAM MAQSOOD

Slotted waveguide antenna:

Slotted antenna arrays that use waveguides are very popular in navigation systems, radar systems
and many other systems that operate on high-frequencies. For these applications this type of
antenna is preferred because of the following features.

 These are simple to fabricate.

 These antennas have very loss and in turn have high antenna efficiency.
 These antennas have linear polarization with very low cross polarization.
 These can be made to conform to the surface they are mounted to.

The waveguide is assumed to have a narrow width. These are typically λ/10 in width and λ/2 in
length. Increasing the slot width will increase the bandwidth of the antenna but this will cost higher
cross polarization. The position, shape and orientation of the slots on the waveguide determine
how the antenna will radiate. Moreover, the shape of the waveguide and the operating frequency
also play an important role.

The fields that exist within a waveguide are given as:

where f is the operating frequency k is the wave number and Eo is a constant which specifies the power

added to the waveguide. The magnetic fields tangent to a conductor produce electric currents on
the surface. The resulting surface current density J is measured as follows:

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On the surface where the slots are, the induced currents will be:

Radiation occurs when the currents goes around the slots. If a narrow slot at the center is
considered, the z-component of the current will not be disturbed, because the slot is thin and only
the x-component of the current will be responsible for the radiation. But the current density in this
case will be zero which means no current and hence no radiation. Hence a slot at the center of
waveguide is useless. If the slots are displaced from the centerline, the x-directed current will not
be zero and will travel around the slot. Thus, the radiation will occur. But the distance from the
edge will determine the magnitude of the current. The radiation power can be changed by moving
the slot away or closer to the edge.

If the slot is oriented as such that it disturbs the z-component of the current density, this slot will
radiate. If this slot is displaced away from the center line, the amount of power that it radiates can
be adjusted.

Lastly, if the slot is rotated by an angle Φ about the centerline, it will radiate. The power depends

upon the function sin2Φ. In this case the z-component is still responsible for the radiation but the

x-component will have opposite magnitudes on either sides and thus will cancel out the radiation.

The following figure shows the 3D radiation pattern for the

slotted waveguide. The antenna gain is approximately 17
dB. The beam width can be observed to be very narrow in
the X-Z plane (H-plane) and much larger in the Y-Z plane
(E-plane).

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Reference:

Pete Bevelacqua n.d. , Antenna-Theory, accessed 6 April 2021,

<https://www.antenna-theory.com/antennas/aperture/slottedwaveguide2.php>