11/5/13

π/2

Polar Graphs
π 0
Polar Axis

3π/2

Lines and Circles Spiral of Archimedes

r =aθ
Circles: Lines:
As a gets bigger, spiral gets wider
r = constant θ = constant
(graphs a circle of radius r) (graphs a line at angle θ)

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Circles Circles  
a = radius of circle
•  Graph  each  circle…  
r = acosθ r = asinθ
(graphs along polar axis) (graphs along π/2 axis) a)  r  =  2cosθ            b)        r  =  -­‐3sinθ  

R=cosθ r=sinθ

Cardiods
Limacons
(special case of limacons) (like a cardoid, but multiplier on
trig function is different)
a>0, distance on axis is 2a
r=a±acosθ
r=a±bsinθ or r=a±bcosθ
r=a±asinθ
if cos – then along polar axis if sin – then along π/2 axis a>0, b>0 -
if sin – then along π/2 axis
if cos – then along polar axis

r = 1+ cosθ r = 1+ sinθ

a<b a>b a≥2b

Loop Dimple Convex
r = 1- sinθ
r = 1- cosθ

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Roses
Cardoids  &  Limacons  
r=asin nθ or r=acos nθ
a)  r  =  1  +  2cosθ          b)    r  =  2  –  2cosθ  
a = length of petal
# of petals:
if n is odd: n if n is even: 2n

b)  r  =  3  –  2sinθ          d)    r  =  3  +  3sinθ  

r = 3sin3t r = 3cos3t r = 3sin2t r = 3cos2t

Lemniscates
Figure 8 shaped curves Roses  &  Lemniscates  
r2 =a2sin2θ or r2 =a2cos2θ
(a = distance from center to outer edge)
a)  r  =  2cos3t          b)    r  =  5sin4t  

b)  r2  =  16sin2θ        d)    r2  =  4cos2θ  

R2=9sin2θ R2=9cos2θ