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Propp Intelectual
Propp Intelectual
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?_ld^al mlo i^ Nlkqfcf`f^ Skfsbopfa^a A^qÑif`^ abi NboÖ,
K^pqbo &JJ,K,' bk Bbob`el Aljm^o^al mlo i^ Eblodb U^pefkdqlk Skfsbopfqv,
Cu Tl`^i v Nobpfabkqb abi Rof_rk^i ?kafkl ab Hrpqf`f^ ab i^ Aljrkfa^a ?kafk^,
Cu Tl`^i ab i^ Q^i^ ab Bbcbkp^ ab i^ Aljmbqbk`f^ abi Gkpqfqrql ab Bbcbkp^ ab i^
Aljmbqbk`f^ v ab i^ Nolqb``fÑk ab i^ Nolmfba^a Gkqbib`qr^i + GLBCAMNG,
Alkpriqlo abi @^k`l Krkaf^i* @^k`l Gkqbo^jbof`^kl ab Bbp^ooliil v SQ?GB,
Drk`flk^ofl ab i^ Alkcbobk`f^ ab i^ L^`flkbp Skfa^p pl_ob Aljbo`fl v Bbp^ooliil
&SLAR?B'* Mod^kfw^`fÑk Krkaf^i ab i^ Nolmfba^a Gkqbib`qr^i &MKNG' v i^ Qb`obq^oÇ^
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ab i^ Skfsbopfa^a ab Jfj^ v Bfob`qlo^ abi AljfqÅ Cafqlof^i ab i^ Pbsfpq^ ? B T M A ? R S Q9 v* ?ibpp^kao^ TÄpnrbw
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Ckofnrb A^sbol Q^co^ &CAQ'8 ö iqfj ^j bkqb pb Bbpab nrb bo^ bpqraf^kqb rkfsbopfq^ofl bk ilp
? B T M A ? R S Q /12
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fj m^`ql abi Ni^k L ^`flk^i ab Afbk`f^ v Rb`ù `lj mif`^al m^o^ bi NboÖ mrbpql nrb* bk rk^
klildÇ^ b Gkkls^`fÑk 0..4+0.0/, Bbi jfpjl pl`fba^a `^a^ sbw jÄp `lj mbqfqfs^ bk i^ nrb
jlal* i^ qbj Äqf`^ ab i^ obi^`fÑk rkfsbopfa^a pb obnrfbob ab qo^_^g^alobp `^ifcf`^alp* i^ ^rù
bj mobp^ bk j ^qbof^ qb `k l iÑ d f`^ bpq^ crbo^ pbk`f^ ab bar`^`fÑk qb`kliÑdf`^ b* fk`irpl* ab
abi `lkl`fj fbkqlb fkqboÅp abi pb`qlo mofs^al _^pb*s^ ^ dbkbo^o rk `^a^ sbw jÄp krjbolpl
ab_fal ^ nrb* bkqob lqo^p o^wlkbp* bi NboÖ e^ `lkqfkdbkqbab`fra^a^klpnrbklmlaoÄbpq^o
lmq^almlorkj labilbumloq^alo`i^o^j bkqb ^i^^iqro^abrk`ob`fbkqbabj ^ka^i^_lo^inrb
mofj^oflve^j ^odfk^ali^pbumloq^`flkbp`lk pb ab_b `^o^`qbofw^o mlo prp `i^o^p ^mqfqrabp
s^ilo ^dobd^al, Cpq^p Öiqfj ^p obnrfbobk abi qb`kliÑdf`^p, Ck `lkpb`rbk`f^* ^rj bkq^oÄk
`lj ml kbkqbqb`kliÑdf`l, i^p q^p^p ab abpbj m ibl v biil dbkbo^oÄ jÄp
`ofjbk v sflibk`f^, Norb_^ ab biil bp krbpqol
? B T M A ? R S Q /12
Jlp k Ö j b ol p kl b k d ^ É ^ k , N^o^ `l k cfoj ^ o k^a^ elkolpl mrbpql PQQ bk i^ ^cb`q^`fÑk abi
il pbÉ ^i^al ^k qb ofl oj b k qb _^pq^ obsfp^o ilp `ofjbk v i^ sflibk`f^ bk ilp kbdl`flpv /07 bk
obpriq^alp ab i^ Öiqfj ^ baf`fÑk abi Çkaf`b ab `ofjbklod^kfw^al,
A lj mbqfqfsfa^aEil_^i&0./5+0./6'bi^_lo^al
mlobiDlolC`lkÑj f`lK rkaf^i &U loia C`lkl+ Alj l pb mrbab ^mob`f^o* bi m^klo^j ^ bp a b ù
jf` Dlorj', pli^alo v* pfk ara^* pb obnrfbob ab rk^ cfojb
`fÑk vbgb`r`fÑk ab af`e^ NliÇqf`^ L^`flk^i, J^ rk^ ibvnrb`lkp^do^ i^ molqb``fÑkbpmb`f^iab
Nobpfabk`f^ abi Alkpbgl ab Kfkfpqolp* ^ qo^sÅp bpq^ b`lklj Ç^^i abcfkfoq^kqlprl_gbql*`lj l
abi Alkpbgl L^`flk^i ab Afbk`f^*Rb`klildÇ^ b ilp afsboplp pb`qlobp nrb `lj mlkbk bpq^ Gkù
Gkkls^`fÑkRb`kliÑdf`^ + AMLAWRCA* nrbaÑ ^ arpqof^*q^ibp`lj li^pbafqlof^ibp*clkldoÄcf`lp*
`^odlabipbdrfjfbkql*j lkfqloblvbs^ir^`fÑk ^oqbpsfpr^ibp*qrofpjl* mr_if`fa^a* `lkqbkfalp
abi^fj mibj bkq^`fÑkvbgb`r`fÑkabi^ NliÇqf`^ jriqfjbaf^* plcqt^ob ab `lkqbkfalp* ^dbk`f^p
GL B CA M NG* b pm b `f^ ij b k qb qbj ^p ` l k qb k ` fl ù &bi GLBCAMNG* bi Alk`vqb`* i^p Skfsbopfa^abp*
plp* plk pfj fi^obp ^ ilp abi mlabo graf`f^i, W i^p bjmobp^p mofs^a^p* jfkfpqboflp `lj l bi ab
^mif`^oi^ ibvq^oa Ç^j bk qbbpilj fpj lnrbkl Ariqro^ l bi ab Nolar``fÑk* bkqob lqolp' mbol
^mif`^oi^,CiilabpsfoqÖ^ rk^abi^pmofk`fm^ibp `^a^rkljfo^prm^oqbÖkf`^jbkqb,Qbkb`bpfq^
o^wlkbpnrbgrpqfcf`^k i^bufpqbk`f^ j fpj^ ab ^idrfbk`lksfpf_fifa^aabqla^i^mol_ibjÄqf`^*
GL B CA M NG, Cpql a b _ b plir`flk^opb r od b k qb ù nrbmrba^`lloafk^oqlalpilpbpcrbowlpvplirù
j bkqb, Cp rk qbj ^ nrba b _ b bkcobkq^opb`lk `flkbp,Llpbqo^q^ab`ob^ojÄp_rol`o^`f^*pfkl
j r`e^ bkbodÇ^ vab`fpfÑk, abe^`bonrbi^pafpqfkq^pfkpq^k`f^p`lksbopbk
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?elo^ _fbk*i^ molqb``fÑkab i^ Nolmfba^a Gkqbù
ib`qr^ibpkb`bp^of^m^o^clj bkq^oi^fkkls^`fÑk* JBL8R^i `lj l ilpbÉ^ibbi Qbj fk^ofl |ufqlpv
mbol kl bp prcf`fbkqb, Cp fj mloq^k qb nrb pb obqlpbk bi `^j mlabi^ Nolmfba^a Gkqbib`qr^i *
abk rk^ pbofbab`lkaf`flkbp, Qb kb`bpfq^* mlo lod ^kfw^al mlo GL B CA M NG bk Q b qfb j _ ob ab
bgbjmil*nrbe^v^m^oqbpfkqbobp^a^pbkfksboqfo 0./4*bi NboÖpbe^^ifkb^al`lk i^pqbkabk`f^p
vcfk^k`f^o ilp molvb`qlp, N^o^ biil pb obnrfbob fkqbok^`flk^ibp bk j^qbof^ ab Nolmfba^a Gkqbù
nrbilpmlqbk`f^ibpfksbopflkfpq^pqbkd^k^``bpl ib`qr^i bk prp sboqfbkqbp ab pfdklp afpqfkqfslp*
^ fkcloj ^`fÑk pl_ob molvb`qlp fkkls^alobp v fksbk`flkbp v abob`elp ab ^rqlo, Bbi jfpjl
nrb ilp fkkls^alobpqbkd^k ^``bpl ^ fkcloj ^ù j lal pb e^ fk slir`o^al ^`qfs^j bk qb bk ilp
`fÑkpl_obmlqbk`f^ibpfksbopflkfpq^p,Cpqlab_b clolp alkabpbab_^qbk afsboplp^pmb`qlpsfk ù
ab molj lsbopb ab qla^p i^p cloj^p v Äkdrilp `ri^alp`lki^Nolmfba^aGkqbib`qr^i,Jlmolmfl
mlpf_ibp, R o^ a f`fl k ^ ij b k qb bi Cpq^al kl e^ pb e^ eb`el bk bi j^o`l ab afsboplp qo^q^alp
p^_fal `Ñj l e^`boil v ilp m^oqf`ri^obp kl e^k fkqbok^`flk^ibpbkilpnrbi^Nolmfba^aGkqbib`ù
qbkfalprcf`fbkqbfkcloj^`fÑk,Wl`lkcÇlbknrb qr^il`rm^rkird^omobmlkabo^kqb,CiGLBCAMNG
i^b`lklj Ç^`li^_lo^qfs^^vrabj r`elbkbpqb j bob`b pbo cbif`fq^al mlo i^ i^_lo abpmibd^a^
Öiqfj l ^pmb`ql, J^ j bglo cloj ^ ab clj bkq^o mrbpqlnrbpbvbodrb`lj lrkobcbobkqb^kfsbi
fkkls^`fÑk bp ^ qo^sÅp ab i^ sfk`ri^`fÑk bkqob i^qfkl^jbof`^kl*klplilbkqÅojfklpabi^`bibù
ilpfkkls^alobp&fk`irvbkalfkpqfqr`flkbp`ljl ofa^a bk prp^pmb`qlpobdÇpqo^ibp*pfklq^j _fÅk
Skfsbopfa^abpb fk`r_^alo^pab kbdl`flp' vi^ bk il^qfkbkqb^ i^plifabwabprpobplir`flkbp,
bj mobp^ mofs^a^, K r`elp `obbk nrb i^ i^_lo
? B T M A ? R S Q /12
abi bpq^al m^o^ molj lsbo i^ fkkls^`fÑk `lkù Cjmbol* mloj ^ka^qlibd^i*^i GLBCAMNG ib`lù
pfpqb bk molmlo`flk^oclkalpvpr_pfaflp* mbol oobpmlkabbim^mbiabob`bmqloabilpobpriq^alp
bpl kl bp `loob`ql, Ck qlal `^pl* kl bp il jÄp ab i^ fksbpqfd^`fÑk bk `fbk`f^vqb`klildÇ^8 i^p
fj mloq^kqb, J^ fkkls^`fÑk pb molar`b ^ m^oqfo m^qbkqbpmolmf^j bkqbaf`e^p*^pÇ`lj lilpj lù
abi fkslir`o^j fbkql ab i^p bjmobp^p mofs^a^p abilpabrqfifa^a,Jlfab^ibpnrbpbfk`obj bkqb
bk i^p lmloqrkfa^abp ab kbdl`fl, ?pÇ l`roofÑ* bikÖj bolabobdfpqolpab_fal^nrbbiafk^jfpù
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ab bpq^p^`qfsfa^abp,R^k plil nrb jbdrpq^oÇ^ a^a Gkqbib`qr^i nrbpbnrbabk bkbi GLBCAMNG ./
nrbbi`lk`bmqlabs^ilo^dobd^albpqrsfbo^bk v nrb kl pb^k `^m^`bp ab pbo ^oqf`ri^a^p `lk
krbpqol?BLv*mloilpa^qlpnrbebjlpmrbpql bpqo^qbdf^p k^`flk^ibp ^j mif^p* pb nrba^oÄk
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abobifbsbbki^mobdrkq^^kqboflo*m^ob`boÇ^nrb pfj mibj bkqb bk m^mbibp l if_olp _i^k`lp* `lk
bp rk^ s^of^_ib ab ml`l fkqboÅp v kb`bpfa^a mrolpaf^dkÑpqf`lp*bi^_lo^alpmlocrk`flk^oflp
m^o^ bi pb`qlo mofs^al, Ck bcb`ql* pf bi j labil v `lkpriqlobp ab lod^kfpj lp fkqbok^`flk^ibp* +
b`lkÑj f`lbpmofjbolbumloq^alo*i^`fbk`f^*i^ jÄp fkqbobp^alp bk `rj mifo `lk ^dbka^p ab
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bi pb`qlomofs^al, kb`bpfa^abpabi m^Çp,
CAQ8 Ll pb qo^q^* bk pr j ^vloÇ^* ab `^j _flp Qfbjmobqla^ kloj^bpmbocb`qf_ib*mbol jbm^ù
prpq^kqfslp pfkl mol`bp^ibp, Aobl nrb pboÄk ob`bnrb bk bpqb jlj bkql i^ Bb`fpfÑk264bpqÄ
`^j_flp Öqfibpbk i^ j bafa^nrb^vrabk^ nrb crk`flk^kal_^pq^kqb_fbkvklpboÇ^kb`bp^oflrk
bi GLBCAMNG mrba^ ^`loq^o prp qfbj mlp bk i^ `^j_fll*bkqlal`^pl*rk^jlafcf`^`fÑko^af`^i,
obplir`fÑkab`^plp,Aljlv^afgb*^`qr^ij bkqb
? B T M A ? R S Q /12
bpb bpbi j^vlo mol_ibj^ vbi j^vlo obql nrb CAQ8Qf _fbk i^ ibdfpi^`fÑk nrbqbkbj lp^`qr^iù
qfbkbbi GLBCAMNG, j bkqb klbpj^i^*`oblnrbpÇbpqfbj mlabrk
`^j_fl* a^al nrb elv sfsfj lp bk rk jrkal
JBL8Qfkara^,Co^kkb`bp^oflp^grpqbpbkqbj ^ `lj m ibq^j bk qb afpqfkql ^i ab e^`b QO ^Élp*
mol`bafj bkq^ibp, Qb qo^q^ ab _ofka^o fkpqorù `r^kalklbufpqÇ^ki^pobabppl`f^ibp*Ufhfmbaf^
jbkqlp m^o^ nrb bi i^p Bfob``flkbp ab Qfdklp kfWlrRr_b*mlojbk`flk^opÑil1bgbjmilpobi^+
mlaboqbkbo* molkql* rk^ krbs^ vjlabok^ Bbù ^jÅof`^ i^qfk^, Cprkqbj ^ ab fj mloq^k`f^ nrb
`fpfÑk?kafk^, ab_bpbo^k^ifw^al`lk mlkabo^`fÑk,
ab Nolmfba^a Gkqbib`qr^i bk ilp qo^q^alp ab kb`bpfq^ bi NboÖ, Cp qfbj ml nrb bi GLBCAMNG
if_ob`ljbo`fl, mlkd^ ^ i^ Nolmfba^a Gkqbib`qr ^i bk mofj bo
ird^o ab moflofa^abp v pb bj m fb`b ^ ifabo^o
CAQ8 Ll `lklw`l bi abq^iib ab il nrb pb bpqÄ molmrbpq^p b fkf`f^qfs^p k^`flk^ibp, Cpb bp bi
kbdl`f^kal^`qr^ij bkqb*mbol*bk dbkbo^i* ilp sb oa ^a b ol qbj ^ m b k a fb k qb ab i^ Nolmfba^a
`^mÇqrilpabNolmfba^aGkqbib`qr^iabbpqlpqo^ù Gkqbib`qr^i bk bi NboÖ,