UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

LAHORE

(Faisalabad Campus)
ASSIGNMENT

Topic: (Hardware & Software and Generations of Computer)

Subject: Information System

Submitted To: Sir USman Rafi

Submitted By:
Muhammad Abrar
(Bsf2002920)
Session (E) 2020-2024

BS IT (HONS) 1st Semester

Computer Components
M U H A M MA DA B R AR
 Components of a Computer System

There are two basic components of a computer system.

 Computer Hardware
 Computer Software
 Computer Hardware

The physical parts of the computer system that you can touch and
feel are known as computer hardware.
Types of Computer Hardware

In a wide sense a computer can be divided into following

basic hardware units:

Input Unit
Output Unit
System Unit
 Computer Software

Computer software are also usually referred to as computer program.

 A Computer Program is a set of instructions given to the computer

to solve a particular problem.
Some Computer Software's
Types of Computer Software

Computer Software is further divided into two major

categories :

System Software

Application Software
 First Generation Computers

The period of first generation was 1942-1954

The main features of First Generation are:
 Vacuum tube technology
 Unreliable
 Supported Machine language only
 Very costly
 Generate lot of heat
 Slow Input/output device
 Huge size
 Need of A.C.
 Non portable
 Consumed lot of electricity
Vacuum Tube
 Second Generation Computers

The period of second generation was

1952- 1964.
The main features of Second Generation are:
 Use of transistors
 Reliable as compared to First generation computers
 Smaller size as compared to First generation computers
 Generate less heat as compared to First generation computers
 Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers
 Faster than first generation computers
 Still very costly
 A.C. needed
 Support machine and assembly languages
Second Generation Computers

 Second generation
computers also saw
a new way data was
stored
 Punch cards were
replaced with
magnetic tapes and
reel to reel machines
 Third Generation Computers

The period of third generation was 1964-1972.

The main features of Third Generation are:

 IC used
 More reliable
 Smaller size
 Generate less heat
 Faster
 Lesser maintenance
 Still costly
 A.C needed
 Consumed lesser electricity
 Support high level language
 Fourth Generation Computers
The period of Fourth Generation was 1972-1990.
The main features of Fourth Generation are:
 VLSI technology used
 Very cheap
 Portable and reliable
 Use of PC's
 Very small size
 Pipeline processing
 No A.C. needed
 Concept of internet was introduced
 Great developments in the fields of networks
 Computers became easily available
 Fifth Generation Computers
The period of Fifth Generation is 1990-2004

 Robotics
 Neural networks
 Game Playing
 Development of expert systems to make decisions in real life situations.
 Natural language understanding and generation.
 Development of true artificial intelligence
 Development of Natural language processing
 Advancement in Parallel Processing
 More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features
 Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates
 Sixth Generation Computers

Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a

new class of network based computing that takes place
over the Internet,

 basically a step on from Utility Computing

 a collection/group of integrated and networked
hardware, software and Internet infrastructure
(called a platform).
 general public, enterprises, corporations and
businesses markets
Cloud Computing
 Seventh Generation Computers
The period of Seventh Generation is Future.

 Hololens
 Google Glass
 AR technology-(Agumented Reality)
 Rolltop
 Fujitsu Feb laptop concept