Results

CHARACTERESTICS OF PERSONS IN THE SURVEY

It was noted that out of 100 families included in the study 43 families had population
range between (1-4) years (43%) 48 families had population range between (5-8) years
(48%) and 9 families had population range between (9-12) years (9%).

Out of 504 persons 275 (54.5%) were males and 229 (45.4%) were females.

The distribution according to material status of females in jia bagga showed that out of
100 females 94 (94%) were married, 3 (3%) were widow, 2 (2%) divorced and 1 (1%)
was separated.

In study out of 100 mothers 57 had child birth in last two years and 43 (didn’t)

The study of household showed that of 243 children less than 4 years of age, 93 were in
range of 1-4 years, 83 were in range of 5-8 years, 63 were in range of 5-12 years

Of 243 children 134 were males and 109 were females.

Out of 138 school going children students who were in 1 st class were 27, in 2nd class were
25, in 3rd class were 13, in 4th class were 15, in 5th class 21, in 6th class 10, 7th class 15, 8th
class 12.

Vaccination status of child under 5 years of age showed that 91, were vaccinated against
BCG, 90 were against DPT and hepatitis B, 93 against polio and 85 against measles.
In survey 34 were radios, 97 were T.V, 67 refrigerators, 72 bicycles, 43 motorcycles, 15
light vehicles.

In survey 3% were tuberculosis and rest were not.

Of 100 people most common practice of people 59 regarding treatment of tuberculosis is

govt. health facility, 19 people approach tuberculosis clinic, 13 use private doctor
facility,9 go to hakeem.

Reason for non compliance by 65 people was expensive treatment, 27 said about non
availability of medicine. Health facility is not accessible by 2, non availability of staff by
3.

As regards to keeping live stocks, 79 had dairy animals. 43 had weight bearing animals,
31 had egg laying birds, 7 had none.

40 use pipe water as source of water supply, 40 used mixed (well and hand pump) and 20
use hand pump.

Latrine system used by 73 was flush, 21 used open field, 5 used bucket, 1 used pit.

77 houses were pacca, 17 were semi pacca and 6 were katcha.

 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study design

It is descriptive cross sectional study.

Study universe
The study was conducted in village Jia bagga, UC 147 Lahore, 40 km from Raiwind. It
was a rural area with one BHU facility and the total population was about 50000.

Duration of study

Two full day field visits were taken to the area on 10th and 17th of March 2008.

Study population

The inhabitants of allotted area in Jia bagga were visited. The visit was facilitated by
local LHVs. The respondents were the married woman of child bearing age.

Sample size

A total of 100 residents of Jia bagga were included in the study.

Study tool

A questionnaire booklet consisting of all variables was designed.

Sample technique

It was a simple random sampling.

Data collection

Students and te3achingn staff of the department of community medicine services institute
of medical sciences Lahore visited the village after informing the local authorities. A
group of super visor LHV and 10 students visited the allotted area. Students went door to
door and the data was collected after taki8ng consent from the female head of family
keeping in view the ethical consi9deration.

Data analysis

The data was entered in the computer in the form of master sheet and the variables were
analyzed to obtain results by tables and charts.

Ethical considerations

Consent was taken and the respondents were assured of full confidentiality.

Recommendations and suggestions

1. Health education should be imparted to remove any myths from the community
and to explain the importance of treatment.
2. public should be educated about the importance of immunization. Anti-
tuberculosis treatment and the disease it self by electronic media.
3. Stock of anti tuberculosis medicines should be surplus and easily available at
BHU and RHC.
4. LHVs should provide health education to all the people in the community.
5. more research should be conducted in rural areas like Jia bagga.
6. National policie3s programs, and legislations should be established for awareness
about the treatment of tuberculosis.
7. DOTS program should be made available in all the health facilities in rural areas.
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

 To know the current practices regarding the management of tuberculosis in the females
of Jia bagga.

 Study after getting relevant info will help in knowledge regarding various practice
regarding the management of tuberculosis in females.

VARIABLES

1. TOTAL NO. OF PEOPLE LIVING IN THE HOUSE

2. NO. OF MALES AND FEMALES IN THE HOUSE.

3. NO. OF FEMALES OVER TEN YEARS IN THE HOUSE.

4. NO. OF CHILDREN IN THE HOUSE,FROM 4 TO 14 YEARS OF AGE.

5. AVAILIBILTY OF GAS AND ELECTRICITY IN THE HOUSE.

6. AVAILIBILTY OF ELECTRONIC GADGETS AND CONVEYENCE.

7. NO. OF LIVESTOCK IN THE HOUSE.

8. WALL STRUCTURE OF THE HOUSE.

9. MAIN SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER IN THE HOUSE.

10. AMOUNT OF WATER AVAILABLE PER PERSON.

11. KIND OF LATERINE IN THE HOUSE.

12. AGE OF RESPONDANT.

13. EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF RESPONDANT.

14. AGE OF RESPONDANT AT THE TIME OF MARRIAGE.

15. HUSBAND OCCUPATION.

16. ANY ONE IN THE HOUSE SUFFERING FROM TUBERCULOSIS.

17. TREATMENT RECEIVED BY INDIVIDUAL.

18. MEDICAL FACILITY PROVIDING TREATMENT.

OBJECTIVES

1. To know the current practices of the people living in the community regarding the
management of Toba color.
2. to study the socio demographic factor of the community concerned with the
practices regarding T.B
3. to get baseline info regarding the current practices of T.B in the community by
this small scale study.
Direction of study:

The study was conducted from 10-03-08 to 17-03-08

Study population:

Consisted of all the households sampled in the study.

Sample:

A sample of 100 households was selected for the study.

Supply technique:

It was a simple random sampling.

Data management:

The data was collected with the help of a semi structured questionnaire by the students
of 4th year SIMS. The local community authority was informed about the education of
study and so the data collection was done after their consent’s group of supervisors and
LHV’s also accompanied the students to ensure the quality of data. So finally the data
was collected after taking consent from the head of family of household fulfilling the
ethical consideration.

Data analysis:

Responses were added in the captor by using the excel and word program, all the
responses were entered, data was cleaned and finally data was analyzed to obtain the
results by frequencies tables and charts.

Discussion:

It is apparent from the study that almost 5-12 persons are residing in 56% of the
households. as we know that T.B is an air borne disease having transmission from one
person to another specially in closed atmosphere so in these households having more
persons the chances of T.B are likely to be more as compared to the household with less
no. of persons. it is very distressing that 43% of children in the study area are not
attending the school as we know that education imparts a lot of things to the students
about their healthy way of life so the children depriving of education are unable to
conceive these healthy ideas and are ultimately at more risk of developing different
ailments.
It is very encouraging that immigration status of the children in the study area is up to the
mark although the BCG coverage is 98% in the community and same has been reported
from different parts of the country but in spite of this the new emerging cases of T.B puts
a question mark on the efficiency of BCG which has been documented in different
studies from 0 to 80%.this situation demands careful evaluation of the efficiency of BCG
vaccine. So in future a better plan can be done to curtail the emergence of new T.B cases.

Regarding the distribution of livestock almost 79% of the households are having one or
other type of dairy animals. In most of the places the human beings and the animals are
residing under the same roof. these households are also involved in the handling of these
dairy animals like milking etc so increasing the risk of development of bovine T.B in
these individuals .23% of the household resides in katcha or semi pakka houses as we
know that the tuberculosis organisms develop in the dampy atmosphere so these houses
are excellent places of breading of these bacilli and putting these households to catch
these infection especially in closed atmosphere.

Although it is a small scale study with a small sample size however it is very encouraging
that only 3% of the study population is suffering from T.B.

This may probably be their 100% claimed for complete compliance for T.B treatment so
preventing the emergence of secondary cases. Secondly it may be because of the high
coverage of BCG vaccination which is a corner stone for the prevention of T.B in the
community. Thirdly most of the people are residing in the pakka houses so limiting the
flourishing of this bug.

The study revealed that more than 80% household consult govt. health facility for their
T.B patients. This is probably because of the establishments of DOTS corners at govt.
hospitals from where they could receive medicines regularly free of cost which is
regarded as heart of the clot’s strategy.

Although dots corners have been established at almost every Govt health facility still
27% o0f households claimed the non availability of the centers. This situation demands
immediate consideration and needs to be rectified.

65% of households gave the lame excuse of expensiveness of treatment because dots
centers provide free and regular media. Any how these people need to be imparted health
education regarding the free media availability at these dots centers.

the presence of staff at dots centers need to be assured so that patients can get medicine at
the given time regularly.

Conclusion:

It is apparent from the study that most of the household consult govt. health facilities for
treatment of T.B.however 2% of the household claimed non availability of drugs while
65% of the household had poor complaints because of expensive medicine.3% of the
household were not getting medicine because of non availability of staff.

In the light of these facts following recommendations and suggestions are made.