ART

PROSE POETRY
“the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, Form Written in paragraph Written in stanza or verse
environments or experiences that can be shared with others” form form

Art gives us a way to be creative and express ourselves. Language Expressed in ordinary Expressed in metrical,
form rhythmical and figurative
CHARACTERISTICS OF ART language

Appeal To the intellect To the emotion

IMPORTANCE AND PURPOSE OF ART

Aim To convince, instruct, Stir the imagination and set
imitate and reflect an idea of how life should be
Art is important because it is a way of conveying another person’s
ideas and experiences that are philosophical, political and spiritual to
another. Also, it is to create a sense of beauty or aesthetic. In addition to
this, according to Erik Wahl, the purpose of art is not to produce a
product. The purpose of art is to produce thinking an example is the Nasyonalismo Botong lunhaw
“Spolarium” that portrayed the hardships experienced by the Filipinos
Ni:maureen penaflor Ni: krizza mae suarez
back then. It now serves as a reminder of how courageous the Filipinos
were when they were monopolized. Now, imagine a world without art. It Family Han Una
would surely be lifeless, ugly and senseless.
By: ed thea yu By: Rosel Ann Quiblat
WHY ART APPRECIATION?
LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL ARTISTS
It is a fact that only rare things (be it living or not) receives more
care and attention than those that are common. But art is everywhere INTERNATIONAL ARTIST Ko Un (1933)
that is why we sometimes fail to appreciate it. Art appreciation is,
(Japanese-occupied Korea[South Korea]; poet)
according to artyfactory, the understanding of the universal and timeless
The Three Way Tavern
qualities that identify all great art. A person understands art with their
Achievements, accomplishments and masterpieces in the world of art:
intellectual capabilities whilst a person appreciates art with their eyes
 Ko’s first collection of poems, Otherworld Sensibility, was published
and their tastes. So, a person can either understand an art but not like it
in 1960. In 1961, he published a novel, Cherry Tree in Another
or like an art but not understand it. If a person appreciates and
World.
understands art, the better they can develop, evaluate and improve their  Although Ko is known abroad principally as a poet, he is in fact a
own or other people’s artwork. prolific writer with more than 150 published works to his credit in
many genres, including fiction, drama, memoir, essay, travel
writing, and translations from the classical Chinese.
 His several novels all deal with spiritual matters, especially the life
LITERATURE of a Buddhist monk, both today and earlier in history.

LITERATURE DEFINED LOCAL ARTIST Amado V. Hernandez (1973)

 Literature are written works collectively, especially those of enduring

Amante Hernani, Herminia dela Riva, Julio Abril. b. Tondo, Manila 13 Sept
importance, exhibiting creative imagination and artistic skill (Funk and
Wagnalls). 1903 d. Manila 24 March 1970.

 Literature comes from the Latin word literature meaning

writing; literatus which means learning; and thus is literate for learned. Ibong Mangaragit
 It is both oral and written work characterized by expressive or
imaginative writing, nobility of thoughts, universality and timeliness. Achievements, accomplishments and masterpieces in the worl of art:
 The best way to understand human nature fully and to know a nation
completely is to study literature.  he stripped Tagalog of its ornate character and wrote in prose
 Literature appeals to man's higher nature and its needs--emotional, closer to the colloquial than the “official” style permitted.
spiritual, intellectual and creative.  Like all other forms of art, literature  His novel Mga Ibong Mandaragit, first written by Hernandez while
entertains and gives pleasure; it fires the imagination and arouses in prison, is the first Filipino socio-political novel that exposes the
noble emotions and it enriches man by enabling him to reflect on life ills of the society as evident in the agrarian problems of the 50s.
by filling him new ideas.  While still a teenager, he began writing in Tagalog for the
newspaper Watawat (Flag).
 He wrote a column for the Tagalog publication Pagkakaisa (Unity)
and became editor of Mabuhay (Long Live)
STANDARDS OF GOOD LITERATURE  His writings gained the attention of Tagalog literati and some of his
stories and poems were included in anthologies, such as Clodualdo
 Artistry del Mundo's Parolang Ginto and Alejandro Abadilla 's Talaang
 Intellectual value Bughaw
 Suggestiveness  At the age of 19, Hernandez became a member of the literary
 Spiritual value society Aklatang Bayan which included noted Tagalog writers Lope
K. Santos and Jose Corazon de Jesus .
 Permanence
 Hernandez’s other works include Bayang Malaya, Isang Dipang
 Universality
Langit, Luha ng Buwaya, Amado V. Hernandez: Tudla at Tudling:
Katipunan ng mga Nalathalang Tula 1921-1970, Langaw sa Isang
Basong Gatas at Iba Pang Kuwento ni Amado V. Hernandez,
Magkabilang Mukha ng Isang Bagol at Iba Pang Akda ni Amado V.
Hernandez

TWO MAIN DIVISIONS OF LITERATURE
 PAINTING
Juan Luna
Juan Luna y Novicio, one of the first internationally-recognized Filipino
painters, was born to well-off parents in Badoc, Ilocos Norte.
His artistic talents was established in 1878 with the opening of the first
art exposition in Madrid, which was called the Exposicion Nacional de
Bellas Artes (National Demonstration of Beautiful Arts).
The famous masterpieces of Luna include:
 "Spoliarium", a painting he entered in the Exposicion General
de Bellas Artes in 1884 in Madrid, where it won a gold medal. It
currently hangs in the main gallery at the ground floor of the
National Museum of the Philippines.
Claude Monet
Claude Monet (1840-1926) was the primary inspiration for the new art
movement of impressionism. Along with his contemporaries, he captured
the light of nature on canvas in a unique, spontaneous and vivacious
style.
In 1857, Monet travelled to Paris and he spent time in the Louvre. Monet
was not satisfied with merely imitating the Old Masters, he would rather
look out of a window or visit some place in nature and draw what he saw.
MUSIC
1. What is music?
It is the art of creating sounds that are sung by voices or played
on an instrument. It can be written or printed in symbols. It is imbibed in
every known culture. The first known music may have been invented in
Africa and consequently evolved into the music of today
2. What is the history of music?
a. in the Western World
i. Prehistoric Music – It is the term used to encompass
all music produced in preliterate cultures. Its origin is
unknown but it was found commonly in traditional
Native American music and Australian aboriginal
music. This is believed to have come from naturally
occurring sounds and rhythms in the environment.
ii. Ancient Music – This was the start of music that
developed in writing. The oldest known song from
Ugarit was written in cuneiform. Instruments used
were double pipes (in ancient Greece), and ancient
bagpipes.
iii. Biblical Period – It was in this stage that the
profession of singers was established. Most music
was associated with Roman Catholicism and
according to the Bible it was Jubal who was the
inventor of musical instruments.
iv. Early Music – This was the music of the European
classical tradition after the fall of the Roman Empire.
Music under this stage was generally diverse and
encompassed many traditions. It was also always
associated with the Roman Catholic Church.
v. Medieval Music – The systems of pitch and rhythm
developed in this stage. It was also here when the
earliest polyphonic music was sung.
vi. Renaissance Music – Music in this era generally
contained clear melodies that contained balanced
polyphony in all voices.
vii. Baroque Music – The first operas were written in this
stage of musical development. Baroque composers
wrote for small ensembles and used strings, brass,
woodwinds, pipe organs, harpsichords, and
clavichords.
viii. Classical Music Era – Singers were the focus of music
in this stage. Music was more homophonic in texture
and it had obvious melodies with accompaniments.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s compositions framed
the classical music era.
ix. Romantic Music – Music became more inclusive and
expanded its subjects to literature, art, and
philosophy.
x. 20th and 21st Century Music – The radio gained
popularity in the 20th century and technologies were
developed. Music was freer and people began to
challenge old styles. Electronic instruments were
invented in this period which further accelerated the
development of new music.
b. in the Philippines
i. The Indigenous Traditions – Music under this division
is currently practiced by about 10% of the Philippine
population. There is no historical record about the
absolute beginning of this musical stage but what our
historians know is that music in the early days was
about the Filipinos’ daily lives (fishing, ritual songs,
harvesting, children’s game songs, etc). Some were
also about heroes and good deeds.
ii. The Spanish-European Influenced Traditions – With
the coming of the Spaniards, religious, Western music
was introduced to Filipinos. This style was integrated
by early Filipino composers into new folk songs and
instrumental music.
iii. The American Influenced Traditions – Music
conservatories and colleges were established during
the American reign in the Philippines. Music was
semi-classical and lighter. The sarswela and rondalla
became more famous. Pop culture also rose because
of Western influence. It was integrated into folk
songs, dance, ballads, and tunes.
iv. Original Philippine Music (OPM) – This refers to the
Philippine pop songs that rose in the late 1970s.
Some popular artists were Nora Aunor, Tirso Cruz II,
Pilita Corrales, Rico Puno, and Ryan Cayabyab.
a. Folk Music
Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that
evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated
in the 19th century, but is often applied to music older than that. Some
types of folk music are also called world music.
Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways:
 as music transmitted orally;
 music with unknown composers; or
 music performed by custom over a long period of time.
 It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles.
Seven essential characteristics of folk music:
1. "Anything that is outside of the conservatory, academic tradition,
what we call classical music." — Beau Bledsoe, self-described
classical chamber musician
2. "Anything that’s performed by a group of people in a communal
setting, where it defines, expands or creates meaning in a way that
verifies who they are, in order to make sense of the world in which they
live." — Daniel Atkinson, ethnomusicologist and assistant director of the
Kansas African Studies Center at the University of Kansas
3. "Music that tells a story that’s passed from generation to generation."
— Chuck Haddix, host of KCUR’s Fish Fry and director of the Marr Sound
Archives at the University of Missouri-Kansas City
4. "It is uplifting. In the black tradition, when you can’t deal with the thing
that is oppressing you institutionally, you’re liberated by recognizing it
with people who you can share the experience with and shed it." —
Atkinson
5. "It’s cathartic. You see a lot of healing that happens. In flamenco
there’s an expression called quejío, the ability of the performer to really
complain, and impart that feeling to the listener. And the audience and
the performer are often considered one and the same." — Bledsoe
6. "It sounds different in different countries, it can be old or new, it’s
anything made by people during any time period by anywhere around the
globe." — Kaufmann
7. "It's about life." — Atkinson
b. Rhythm and Blues and Soul R&B
Rhythm & Blues (abbreviated R&B) is a term used to describe
the blues-influenced form of music which has been predominantly
performed by African-Americans since the late 1930s. The term 'Rhythm
and Blues' was first introduced into the American lexicon in the late
1940s: the name's origin was created for use as a musical marketing term
by Billboard magazine.
c. Acoustic Music
Acoustic music is music that solely or primarily uses
instruments that produce sound through acoustic means, as opposed to
electric or electronic means; typically the phrase refers to that made by
acoustic string instruments. While all music was once acoustic, acoustic
music appeared after the advent of electric instruments, such as the
electric guitar, electric violin, electric organ and synthesizer.
d. Easy Listening
Easy listening is a popular music genre and radio format that
was most popular during the 1950s to 1970s. It is related to middle of the
road (MOR) music and encompasses instrumental recordings
of standards, hit songs and popular non-rock vocals. It was differentiated
from the mostly instrumental beautiful music format by its variety of
styles, including a percentage of vocals, arrangements and tempos to fit
various day parts during the broadcast day.
THEATER: DRAMA
Greek theatre: from the 6th century BC
The origins of Greek theatre lie in the revels of the followers of Dionysus,
a god of fertility and wine. In keeping with the god's special interests, his
cult ceremonies are exciting occasions. His female devotees, in particular,
dance themselves into a state of frenzy. Carrying long phallic symbols,
known as thyrsoi, they tear to pieces and devour the raw flesh of
sacrificial animals.
But the Dionysians also develop a more structured form of drama. They
dance and sing, in choral form, the stories of Greek myth.
The Greek tragedians: 5th century BC
Only a small number of tragedies survive as full texts from the annual
competitions in Athens, but they include work by three dramatists of
genius. The earliest is the heavyweight of the trio, Aeschylus.
Aeschylus adds a second actor, increasing the potential for drama. He
first wins the prize for tragedy in 484 BC. He is known to have written
about eighty plays, of which only seven survive. One of his innovations is
to write the day's three tragedies on a single theme, as a trilogy. By good
fortune three of his seven plays are one such trilogy, which remains one
of the theatre's great masterpieces - the Oresteia, celebrating the
achievement of Athens in replacing the chaos of earlier times with the
rule of law.
The Greek theatre: 4th century BC
An exclusively Greek contribution to architectural history is the raked
auditorium for watching theatrical performances (appropriately, since
the Greeks are also the inventors of theatre as a literary form).
The masterpieces of Greek drama date from the 5th century BC. At that
time, in Athens, the audience sit on the bare hillside to watch
performances on a temporary wooden stage. In the 4th century a stone
auditorium is built on the site, and there is still a theatre there today - the
theatre of Dionysus. However this is a Roman reconstruction from the
time of Nero. By then the shape of the stage is a semi-circle.
Roman comedy: 3rd - 2nd century BC
In most cultural matters Rome is greatly influenced by Greece, and this is
particularly true of theatre. Two Roman writers of comedy, Plautus and
Terence, achieve lasting fame in the decades before and after 200 BC -
Plautus for a robust form of entertainment close to farce, Terence for a
more subtle comedy of manners. But neither writer invents a single plot.
All are borrowed from Greek drama, and every play of Terence's is set in
Athens.
The three most important aspects of Romeo and Juliet:
 The first half of Romeo and Juliet, with its bawdy jokes, masked
ball, and love poetry, is more like a Shakespearean comedy
than a tragedy. Only after Tybalt kills Mercutio near the play's
midpoint do things become tragic.
 Near the start of Romeo and Juliet's famous balcony scene,
Juliet asks "Wherefore art thou Romeo?" Because the word
"wherefore" means "why," Juliet is wondering why the boy she
loves is called what he's called — not where he is, as many
readers believe.
 Juliet is a mere 13 years old, and Romeo is not much older.