BY DEEPAYAN ROUT

DEPT OF EARTH SCIENCE

NIT ROURKELA
 WHAT IF
SILICA CONTENT IS LOW IN
MAGMA?

FELDSPATHOIDS
ANHYROUS FRAMEWORK SILICATE
SIMILLIAR TO FELDSPAR BUT HAVE DIFF ARRANGEMENT AMONG THEM

IF FREE SILICA IS PRESENT THEY COMBINE TO FORM FELDSPAR

LEUCITE –ORTHOCLASE
NEPHELINE –ALBITE

NOT COMPATIBLE WITH QUARTZ

FOUND WITH FELDSPAR,PYROXENE(RIEBECKITE AND AEGERINE
 RINGS OF AlO4 AMD SiO4 TETRAHEDRA THAT COMBINE TO FORM POLYMERIZED
FRAMEWORK AND LARGE CAVITES THAT CONTAIN CATIONS EACH CAVITIES RUN
THROUGH OUT THE STRUCTURE THROUGH CHANNELS
SHEETS OF SUCH RINGS ARE BONDED BY APICAL OXYGEN TO FORM CAVITIES AND
CHANNELS
− 𝟐− 𝟐−
INTERSTITIAL 𝑪𝒍 𝑺𝑶𝟒 𝑪𝑶𝟑
CANCRINITE - 𝑪𝑶𝟐−
𝟑
SODALITE-𝑪𝒍−
LAZURITE-𝑪𝒍− 𝑺𝑶𝟐−
𝟒 𝑆 2−
LEUCITE NEPHELINE SODALITE
 FELDSPATHOIDS IN HAND SPECIMEN

LEUCITE NEPHELINE SODALITE

• Formula: KAl(Si2O6) • Formula: (Na,K)AlSiO4 • Formula: Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2
System: Tetragonal System: Hexagonal System: Cubic (Isometric)
Color: White, grey Color: White, grey, Color: Any, especially blue to
Lustre: Vitreous yellowish, greenish violet
Hardness: 5½–6 Lustre: Vitreous, Greasy
Lustre: Vitreous, Hardness: 5½–6
Density: 2.45–2.5
Hardness: 5½–6 Density: 2.27–2.33
Density: 2.55–2.66
•Name : From the Greek leukos,“
white".
Crystallography-Tetragonal below
605°C.
•Isometric above 605°C.
•Usually trapezohedral crystals .
•Most leucites are close to KAISi206.
small amounts of Na may re place K.
•Distinguish from analcite by the
common presence of complex
twinning and by having a higher
Refractive index.
 ❑ Its bases are formed by four-membered rings with
4 symmetry and further tetrahedra are located on two opposite edges.

Isostructural with pollucite ,analcite

❑ In leucite channel donot intersect
❑ Can be prepared in lab by reacting analcite with conc KCL at 200 C
❑ Found in ugandite rock
 NEPHELINE AND KALSILITE

THEY ARE NOT ISOSTRUCTURAL(TRYDIMITE FRAMEWORK)

MORE THE K HIGHER IS RI AND DENSITY.
LOW BI REFRIGERENCE POOR CLEAVAGE
SOLUBLE IN HCL
• HAS LARGE POLYMORPHS DUE TO BREAKDOWN OF FRAMEWORK
• IN NEPHELINE QUARTER RINGS ARE HEXAGONAL REMAINDER ARE OVAL
• KALSILITE ALL ARE DITRIGONAL
• HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMORPH OF NEPHELINE IS CARNEGIERITE(CUBIC AND CRISTOBALLITE
FRAMEWORK)
•Nepheline readily decomposed by HCI.
•Occurs almost exclusively in magmatic, silica poor, alkaline rocks.
•Occurs both plutonic and volcanic rock sand in pegmatites associated with
nepheline syenites.
•It is used extensively in the glass and ceramic industry.

NEPHELINE AND IS DISTINGUISHED FROM

• OPTIC SIGN
QUARTZ QUARTZ IS POSITIVE WHILE NEPHELINE
NEGATIVE

• UNIAXIAL WHILE ALKALI FS ARE

ALKALI FELDSPAR BIAXIAL

• ANALCITE ISOTROPIC
ANACITE
• LEUCITE SHOWS COMPLEX
LEUCITE TWINNING
 TETRAHEDRA OF ALUMINIUM AND SILICON ARE EQUAL IN NO.
❖ CL IN INTERSTICES

❖SODALITE IS SYSNTHESISED BY HEATING MUSCOVITE AND KAOLINITE WITH NACL

AT 773K
❖ISOTROPIC
❖REFRACTIVE INDEX - SODALITE <NOSEAN<HAUYNE
❖TENEBRESCENCE SHOWN BY HACKMANITE
SODALITE GROUP MEMBER DISTINGUISHING

SODALITE/HAUYNE/NOSEAN+HN𝑂3

=CUBIC NaCL=SODALITE

NEEDLE GYPSUM -
==HAUYNE + CaC𝑙2

BOTH gypsum,and
NaCl -=NOSEAN
IJOLITE :
A nephelinolite consisting of NEPHELINE SYENITE :
30-70% nepheline with A foid-syenite where nepheline is the
pyroxene. most abundant foid.

PHONOLITE:
rich in nepheline and potash
feldspar