CHAPTER II

BACKGROUND

Literature Review

This chapter attempts to present a brief summary of research findings related to mental health and
academic performance of students. In the present context, the interest of the researcher is to review
the findings of past research. The previous research helps the researchers to conceptualize an
hypothesis phenomenon, and do critical appraisal which may contribute with regard to design
appropriate methodology. Keeping in mind these objectives, the researchers reviewed literature in
order to obtain information and the status of work being done in this area. Therefore, literature from
various sources was extensively reviewed in the light of the present investigation.

This pandemic obliged us to stay inside of our homes, starting to take its toll on our mental well
being. In a generation where so many lives were taken because of depression, the younger students are
starting to have ideas about giving up and taking their own lives. We have heard many reports about
students taking suicide because they cannot handle the pressure that the new normal has given to
them. Because the teachers are not by their side while they answer their modules, they are having a
hard time. And because the modules are answered in home where a lot of tension can be built, the child
may develop anxiety because of lack of peace in their studying environment. Especially those students
that are occupied with other obligations other than school work, there are also students that are lacking
parental support and have to go through with studying on their own.

Mental health problems can affect a students energy level, concentration, dependability, mental
ability, and optimism, hindering performance. Research suggest that depression is associated with lower
grade point averages, and that co-occurring depression and anxiety can increase this association.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terminology are defined on the basis of their use in the study for clarity and better
comprehension.

Stress. This is the emotion that students experience when they are overworked and under pressure.

Senior High School Students and Junior High School Students. These are the respondents of the research
study.

Academic Performance, Attitudes/Behaviors, Attendance. These refer to the dependent variables of the
study.

Strategy/Method, Time Management Learning Skills, Study Skills. These refer to the independent
variables of the study.

Note Taking. This refers to the practice of copying knowledge, facts, and statistics from professors or
textbooks.

Time Allotted. This refers to the amount of time a student spends in solitary study.
Study Techniques. This refers to how students approach their studies, such as study time allocation,
assignment procedure, and group discussion, among other things.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

The following model guided the researcher in this study:

Independent Variables

 What is the profile of the students?

A. age

B. gender

C. Grade level

 What is your strategy or method in the studying?

 Learning Skills

Dependent Variables

The impact of Modular Learning to the Students Mental Health and Academic performance

Figure 1.Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. The independent variables will be used by the
researchers to determine the most prevalent reasons for and impacts of modular learning among San
Juan National High School Senior and Junior High School students. These dependent variables will be
used to locate the researchers' needed data and information in order for the study to be effective.