BIOSTAT

Answers to assignment #4

Note: For all data for computation of correlation, regression and determination of significance of
slope and intercept, you need the total for variables x(treatment, cause or independent variable),
y(effect, dependent variable), sum of their squares, the number of N(observations/data) and the
cross products of x and y

Answers to table 1
age of diameter of
gravestone(x) lichen(y) xy x2 y2
1 9 2 18 81 4
2 18 3 54 324 9
3 20 4 80 400 16
4 31 20 620 961 400
5 44 22 968 1936 484
6 52 41 2132 2704 1681
7 53 35 1855 2809 1225
8 61 22 1342 3721 484
9 63 28 1764 3969 784
10 63 32 2016 3969 1024
11 64 35 2240 4096 1225
12 64 41 2624 4096 1681
13 114 51 5814 12996 2601
14 141 52 7332 19881 2704
Total 797 388 28859 61943 14322
Mean 56.92857143 27.71428571
N 14 14 14 14 14

Coefficient of correlation (r) = 0.880433

Coefficient of determination (r2) = 0.775163
Using the simple excel for data analysis in tool package, you come up with

Regression
Statistics
Multiple R 0.880433
R Square 0.775163
Adjusted R
Square 0.756426
Standard Error 8.177263
Observations 14
Analysis of Variance
ANOVA
df SS MS F P(.05) Ft.05
Regression 1 2766.446 2766.446 41.37197 3.24485E-05 4.75**
Residual 12 802.4116 66.86763
Total 13 3568.857
**very significant at 1% level

Regression Equation: Y = 4.454 + .408X

Table 2. Math and Physics correlation and regression

math (x) physics(y) xy x2 y2

1 20 30 600 400 900
2 23 35 805 529 1225
3 8 21 168 64 441
4 29 33 957 841 1089
5 14 33 462 196 1089
6 11 26 286 121 676
7 11 22 242 121 484
8 20 31 620 400 961
9 17 33 561 289 1089
10 17 36 612 289 1296
total 170 300 5313 3250 9250
Mean 17 30

SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.71
R Square 0.5041
Adjusted R
Square 0.4421125
Standard Error 3.93660704
Observations 10

Correlation coefficient(r) = 0.71

Coefficient of determination (r2)= 0.5041

ANOVA
df SS MS Fc P(.05) Ft.05
Regression 1 126.025 126.025 8.132285* 0.021422 5.32
Residual 8 123.975 15.49688
Total 9 250
*significant at 5% level

Standard Lower Upper Lower Upper

Coefficients Error t Stat P-value 95% 95% 95.0% 95.0%
Intercept 19.9416667 3.740352 5.331494 0.000701 11.3164 28.56693 11.3164 28.56693
math (x) 0.59166667 0.207477 2.851716 0.021422 0.113223 1.07011 0.113223 1.07011

Regression Equation : Y = 19.941667 + 0.591667X

3. Index of Biotic Integrity(X) as determinant of forest area(Y)
Always remember, data should always be paired and variables should consist of a dependen
variable and an independent variable(X)

IBI(x) Forest area(Y) xy x2 y2

1 47 38 1786 2209 1444
2 72 9 648 5184 81
3 21 10 210 441 100
4 19 10 190 361 100
5 72 52 3744 5184 2704
6 56 14 784 3136 196
7 49 66 3234 2401 4356
8 89 17 1513 7921 289
9 43 18 774 1849 324
10 66 21 1386 4356 441
11 41 22 902 1681 484
12 33 25 825 1089 625
13 23 31 713 529 961
14 32 32 1024 1024 1024
15 80 33 2640 6400 1089
16 31 33 1023 961 1089
17 78 33 2574 6084 1089
18 21 39 819 441 1521
19 43 41 1763 1849 1681
20 45 43 1935 2025 1849
21 61 43 2623 3721 1849
22 62 47 2914 3844 2209
23 18 49 882 324 2401
24 44 49 2156 1936 2401
25 30 52 1560 900 2704
26 65 52 3380 4225 2704
27 78 59 4602 6084 3481
28 71 63 4473 5041 3969
29 60 68 4080 3600 4624
30 58 75 4350 3364 5625
31 71 79 5609 5041 6241
32 33 79 2607 1089 6241
33 59 80 4720 3481 6400
34 81 86 6966 6561 7396
35 71 89 6319 5041 7921
36 75 90 6750 5625 8100
37 64 95 6080 4096 9025
38 41 95 3895 1681 9025
39 82 100 8200 6724 10000
40 60 100 6000 3600 10000
total 2145 2037 116653 131103 133763
mean 53.625 50.925
N 40 40
 SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression
Statistics
Multiple R 0.33764605
R Square 0.11400486
Adjusted R
Square 0.09068919
Standard Error 26.4601731
Observations 40

Correlation coefficient(r) = 0.3376

Coefficient of determination = 0.114

Significance
df SS MS Fc F Ftab.05
Regression 1 3423.426 3423.426 4.889626* 0.033109 4.10
Residual 38 26605.35 700.1408
Total 39 30028.78
*significant at 5% level

Standard Lower Upper Lower Upper

Coefficients Error t Stat P-value 95% 95% 95.0% 95.0%
Intercept 26.1798428 11.94707 2.191319 0.03463 1.994263 50.36542 1.994263 50.36542
IBI(x) 0.46144815 0.208682 2.21125 0.033109 0.038993 0.883903 0.038993 0.883903

Regression Equation: Y = 26.1798 + 0.461448X