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Experiment 3 Energy Conservation: Learning Outcomes
Experiment 3 Energy Conservation: Learning Outcomes
ENERGY CONSERVATION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The energy of body is a measure of its capability for doing work. Energy exists in
a variety of forms but it cannot be created or destroyed by human. Energy can
only be transformed. Conservation of energy states that during the motion the
sum of the particle’s kinetic and potential energy remains constant. For this to
occur, kinetic energy must be transformed into potential energy, and vice versa.
The conservation of energy equation is used to solve problem involving velocity,
displacement and conservative forces system.
3.2 THEORY
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Or to put it more technically:
Input Energy = Output Energy + Losses
There are two types of energy which are called Potential and Kinetic. Potential
Energy (PE) is the amount of work available in a given body at rest. A weight
raised above some datum level is said to possess potential energy, since it is
able to do work in falling to the datum level. Kinetic Energy (KE) is the amount of
work processed or stored by a moving body. If the weight described above is
allowed to fall freely to the datum level all the potential energy will be
transformed to an equal quantity of Kinetic energy provided the falling weight
encounters no resistance.
Therefore if a weight (W) is raised through the distance (H1) the work available
is equal to W × H1, and this amount of energy was given up as the weight fell.
See Fig. 1.
PE (Initial) = W x H1……………………...…………………………..(2)
During the test weight (W) ascended to the height (H2). At this final position it
again possesses Potential Energy. Therefore:
PE (Initial) = W x H2……………………...…………………………..(3)
Losses in PE = (W x H1) – (W x H2)……………………..…………(4)
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In practical
Total Energyin = Total Energyout + Energyloss
PEinitial = PEfinal + PEloss
PEloss = PEinitial – PEfinal
(10 marks)
3.4 OBJECTIVES
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(5 marks)
3.5 APPARATUS
Table 1: Energy Conservation Equipment List.
No Apparatus Quantity
1 Plummet arm with nut 1
2 Spring 1
3 ‘S’ hook 1
4 Weight hook 1
5 Sets of weights 1
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4. While weight hook lifts the load, be careful and mark the level of H2 at the
panel board.
5. Measure the maximum height and record H2.
6. Repeat procedure 2 to 5 using different load, 200g, 300g, 400g and 500g.
3.7 RESULTS
Table 2: Experimental Result
Mass Weight Height Potential Energy Energy
Initial Final Initial Final
Loss
m W H1 H2 PE1 = WH1 PE2 = WH2 WH1 – WH2
(g) (N) (m) (m) (Nm) (Nm) (Nm)
100
200
300
400
500
APPROVED BY
(15 marks)
3.8 OBSERVATIONS
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(10 marks)
3.9 CALCULATION
1. Calculate Potential Energy and Energy Losses
(10 marks)
3.10 DISCUSSIONS
1. Plot the graph of Load, W against Energy Loss, WH 1−WH2 and discuss
the graph.
(5 marks)
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2. Plot a graph of Load, W against Height, H 2 and discuss the graph.
(5 marks)
3. Judging from H1 and H2, approximately what proportion of the energy had
transformed, stored and given back? Discuss.
(3 marks)
(2 marks)
3.11 QUESTIONS
1. Suggest some causes for the losses in Potential Energy.
(8 marks)
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2. Which was responsible for storing and giving back the energy, the spring
or the weight?
(7 marks)
77
(15 marks)
3.13 REFERENCES
(5 marks)
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