8

Science Quarter
1 - Module 6 Colors of
Light
Science — Grade 8 Alternative Delivery
Mode Quarter 1 — Module 6: Colors of
Light First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer(s): Jezza Marie D. Mejares

Reviewer(s): Nilda U. Villegas, EPS - Science

Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS Ma. Thessa
Jude C. Dalupere – MT-1
 Illustrator(s): Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II

Layout Artist:

Management Team

Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Schools Division Superintendent

Co- Conniebel C. Nistal, PhD Assistant Schools

Chairperson: Division Superintendent

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City Telefax:

088-328-0108 / 088328-0118 E-mail Address:
gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph
Pablito B. Altubar, CID Chief

Members: Nilda U. Villegas, EPS - Science

Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II

Science Quarter 1
– Module 6: Colors of
Light
8
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Table of Contents

What This Module is About .................................................................................................... i

What I Need to Know ............................................................................................................. ii
How to Learn from this Module ............................................................................................. ii
Icons of this Module .............................................................................................................. iii
What I Know ......................................................................................................................... iii

Lesson 1: Color Components of Visible

Light .....................................
What I Need to Know ...............................................................................1 What’s New:
Activity 1: Colors in Quarantine Life ...........................................2 Activity 2: The
Bending Pencil ..................................................2 What Is
It ...............................................................................................4 What’s More: Activity
3: The Colors of Light in Prism ......................................5 What I Have
Learned ...............................................................................6 What I Can
Do ........................................................................................6

Lesson 2: Hierarchy of
Colors ........................................................... What I Need to
Know ...............................................................................8 What’s New: Activity 1: The
Strongest and Weakest Link .................................8 What Is
It ..............................................................................................10 What’s More: Activity 2: The
Rainbow Brick Wall ..........................................10 What I Have
Learned ..............................................................................12 What I Can
Do .................................................................................... ..13

Summary .......................................................................................................14 Assessment:

(Post-Test) .................................................................................15 Key to Answers
..............................................................................................16 References
.......................................................................................................................19
 This page is intentionally blank

What This Module is About

Have you seen a rainbow? What did you observe with it? You might answer it has
different colors. Right! It has different colors indeed! Have you asked yourselves where these
colors are from? How about the blue color of the sky during daylight or the red sunset in the
afternoon? And why are the clouds white?
The concept of light in science has been applied in so many ways already. The use of
LED's in our flashlights down to using it as part of the television and information flashlights seen
in the airport for the flight details. The gadgets that we are using like cellphones, computers, and
tablets were also examples of how light has been used in our daily living. It has been a big help
in the field of medicine and traffic as well as in many others. It has helped human lives come to
see some things in beauty and appreciate more of its existence. Are you excited to find out
about the characteristics and properties of light?
This module will allow us to know more about one of the characteristics and properties of
light that is refraction. It will give us information about how white light dispersed and form
different colors in a process called dispersion. We will know how to make use of a Do-it-yourself
prism in order to see how white light creates rainbow colors. We will know the hierarchy of
colors in light in terms of frequency, wavelength, and energy. The contents of this module are
designed for you to appreciate the beauty we have in our surroundings with light. Keep learning
and remember that we can see how beautiful our surroundings are with the presence of light.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you should be able to:

1. demonstrate the existence of the color components of visible light using a prism

or diffraction grating and

2. explain the hierarchy of colors in relation to energy.

 i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives, you have to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of knowledge

to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to gauge prior
related knowledge What’s In This part connects previous lesson
with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented to
you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you Learned

have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case
 your skills and knowledge gained, and applied into real-life
concerns and situations.

ii
What I Know

Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer.

1. Refraction refers to the bending of light in different __________.

A. Temperature. B. Volume. C. Mass D. Density

2. A rainbow consists of ______ colors.

A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9

3. Electromagnetic Spectrum is an array of colors arranged according to:

I. Energy II. Speed III.
Frequency IV.
Wavelength

A. II, III, IV B.I, II, IV C. I, III, IV, D. I, II, III, IV

4. The energy of the visible light increases from green to __________

A. orange B. yellow C. red D. violet

5. Blue has lower frequency than _____________

A. Red B. Orange C. Indigo D. Yellow

6. Orange has wavelength shorter than ___________.

A. Red B. Yellow C. Green D. Indigo

7. Joules is a unit of
A. Speed B. Energy C. Frequency D. Wavelength

8. The material used to disperse visible light is

A. Prism B. Plaster C. Plastics D. Pencil

9. The energy from violet to red

 A. Decreases B. Increases C. Nothing changed D. The same

10. Dispersion is the

A. The joining together of light B.
The splitting of light C. The
scattering of light D. The absence
of light

iii

Color Components of Visible 1

Light What I Need to Know
At the end of the module, learners must be able to demonstrate the existence of the
color components of visible light using prism or diffraction grating.
What’s New
How are you feeling during the pandemic times when learners at your age are not
allowed to go out and enjoy the things that you usually do? What have you done during the
quarantine? Were you able to find new friends on social media, or have read tons of books
at home? The pandemic has brought different emotions in us. Can you express your emotions
through the different colors of the rainbow? In the figure below, you will see an example of a
rainbow. In your notebook, try to write down the emotions that you have through your
experience during the quarantine period according to the different colors. Assign your
emotion with an emoticon to a certain color and write your explanations after it. Follow the
table on the next page and see an example for you to follow. We will call this activity the
“Colors in Quarantine Life”.
Figure 1. Rainbow (Pixabay.com)
1
Lesson
Activity 1 – Colors in Quarantine Life

Table 1. The different colors and feelings during quarantine

Color Emotion with emoticon

Feelings

Red Happy I am happy because I am with my parents for a

longer period of time.

So, how was your experience? How many colors were you able to write down and

emojis that you have drawn? Take note of the colors that you have written down, we will be

needing them in the last activity.

This time let us try to energize ourselves with the next activity. The objective of this

activity is to know one of the characteristics and properties of light - refraction. You will need

the following materials to perform the activity. The activity is entitled The Bending Pencil. If

in case you have no pencil around, you can use a pen, a stick, a straw or spoon/fork.

Activity 2 – The Bending Pencil

A B Figure 2. The Bending Pencil (photo credits to the writer)

Try and perform the figure as shown above. In figure A, place the pencil in the

transparent glass. Observe and record what you see on the pencil above and on the glass.
Then get another transparent glass and perform Figure B by filling the glass with water in

half first and then place the pencil on the glass. Observe and record what happen to the

pencil. Compare the alignment of the pencil as it enters the water inside the glass (A and B

on the figure) and answer the table below.

Table 2. Pencil in glass with and without water

FIGURE Observation
A (pencil in glass) B (pencil in glass
filled with water)

2
Light exhibits the characteristics and properties of a wave. Visible light is classified

as an electromagnetic wave located between the electromagnetic spectrum of infrared and

ultraviolet.

Red

Orange

Yellow

Green

Blue

Indigo

Violet

Fig 3. The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Visible Light (shutterstock.com)

An electromagnetic wave can travel in any medium including in vacuum. It moves in

a vacuum in its maximum speed. The speed of light varies as it travels from a certain

medium to another. It moves slower when it travels from a less dense to a denser material

and travels faster from a denser material to a lower density material. This characteristic of

light shows bending as it travels to a different density. When this happens, a distortion of

the object will be seen between the two media.

The activity you have performed shown in Figure 2 is an example of refraction of

light. Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of different

densities. A medium is an object, material, or substance where light passes through. If you
take a closer look at the figure, you will see that the pencil is not bent. But if you look far, it

is a bent pencil. This happens because of the change in speed and orientation of light with

respect to the normal as it travels to a new medium of different density. In the example, the

light travels from air to the glass where the pencil is located.

Have you observed a rainbow in a day of your life (just like the figure below)? What

do you observe with its colors?

(Photo credits to the writer)

3
What Is It
Can you identify the colors of the rainbow? What is the arrangement of the colors
from the top down to the bottom? Is it ROYGBIV or an acronym of Red, Orange, Yellow,
Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet? Then you are right! You have observed the rainbow well.
The beauty of this rainbow happens through the dispersion of light. A special kind of
refraction that provides us the beautiful colors of light is called dispersion. We can see how
dispersion occurs, as shown in figure 4 when white light passes through a rectangular prism
then dispersed the different colors of the rainbow.
The rainbow exists because light has been split up by the tiny droplets of water from
the rain. In the next activity that you will perform in part A, you are using the plastic
container and mirror as your prism. The colors of white light reflected from the mirror will be
seen on the paper. The sunlight undergoes refraction and passes to the prism in a process
called dispersion thus creating the colors.
The refractive indices of these different colors of light indicate that light travels at
different speeds in the prism which accounts for the degree of bending. The greater the
value of the refractive index the greater the bending, thus the smaller the value of n, the
lesser the degree of bending. The table below display the table of wavelength and refractive
indices of the color of light in a crown glass prism.
Table 1. The wavelength and index of refraction of Acrylic and Crown Glass
4
Figure 4. Dispersion of Light(commons.wikimedia.org)
Material/Color of light
(nm) n
Acrylic
• Red
650
• Orange
600
• Yellow
550
• Green
500
• Blue
450
• Violet
400
(Photo table taken from Grade 8 Science Learner’s Material)
1.488
1.490
1.497
1.495
1.502
1.508
Material/Color of light
(nm) n
• Violet 400 1.508
Material/Color of light
(nm) n
Crown Glass
Red
• Orange
• Yellow
• Green
• Blue
• Violet
650
600
550
500
440
400
1.512
1.515
1.518
1.520
1.525
1.530

What’s More

Activity 3: The Colors of Light in Prism

Objective: After performing the activity, you will be able to know that white light is composed

of different color components when it strikes an object like prism or diffraction grating.
Materials needed:

Mirror

Circle plastic container

Long white bond paper

Water

Procedure:

The Colors using a circle plastic container/ glass of water

1. Position the plastic container/ glass filled with water where it is directly in front of the

rays of the sun.

2. Place the bond paper underneath the container and the mirror at the back of the

container. As shown in the figure.

3. Adjust the position of the mirror until you see color bands on the piece of paper.

Q1. List and arrange the observed colors according to how they appear on the paper.

5
Paper
 Container

(Photo credits to the writer.) Mirror

What I Have Learned

I. Identify the colors exhibited after a white light passes through a prism and answer the

following questions below.

1. What is the arrangement of colors from A to F?

2. How does prism separate white light into different colors?

II. Fill in the blanks. As you read the paragraph below supply the blanks (in numbers)
with the correct answer.

Rainbow is such a beauty to see. Whenever we see one, we are always in awe. The beauty
of it is a product of _____1_____. It is a property of light that bends from one material or object
to another. _____2_____ of these materials or objects cause the bending of light differently.
Specifically, the splitting of white light into different colors that we see in a rainbow is called
_____3_____. It is when light passes through a prism that resulted in a hierarchy of colors
arranged according to _____4_____, ______5______, and ____6____. The hierarchy of colors
is called the visible light spectra composed of Red, ___7_____, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and
Violet or the acronym _____8_______.

What I Can Do

Task for the Week: Create a Poster Slogan for the demonstration of Visible Light Color
Components. Objectives: At the end of this activity, you must be able to come up with a poster
slogan showing the color components of visible light after passing through a prism.

Materials Needed
Coloring Materials 1⁄2 white cartolina, or long bond paper Procedure: 1. With the concepts you
have learned from this lesson, create a poster slogan showing the
different color components of visible light after white light passes through a prism. 2. Make sure
that the needed materials for you to explain the process is shown in the
poster slogan.

6
F
A

3. Your audience will be the members of your household like your parents, grandparents
and your siblings. 4. Set a time and date for your demonstration and have it recorded after you
finish lesson
2.
5. Your rating for this lesson is only on the creation of your poster slogan. Wait for the next
lesson to have your recording.
Rubric CATEGORY 4 3 2 1

Concept (10%) The slogan showed concepts lesson.

Poster- has the of the The slogan missed the the concepts lesson.

Poster- has some of of The slogan shown concepts lesson.

Poster- little has of the The slogan shown concepts lesson. Poster- the has of not the Creativity (5

points) presentation was creative.

The very was presentation creative.

somewhat The presentation was creative.

The a bit presentation creative. was The not 7

Lesson Hierarchy of Colors 2

 What I Need to Know

After doing all the activities, the students will be able to explain the hierarchy of

colors in relation to energy.

What’s New

Activity 1: The Strongest and the Weakest Link

Objectives: At the end of the activity you must be able know the corresponding energy of

the different colors of white light.

Materials:

Table of the Electromagnetic Spectrum values (refer to the table next page)

2 sheets of paper

Pen/pencil

Procedure:

1. Using a sheet of paper, make an x and y coordinate axis. On the x axis, make a scale of

0.25 and plot the values of energy. On the y axis, make a scale of hundreds and plot the

values with the corresponding color of wavelength (see sample A graph next page).

2. On another sheet of paper, make another x and y coordinate axis. On the x axis, make a

scale of 0.25 and plot the values of energy. On the y axis, make a scale of hundreds and

this time, plot the values with the corresponding color of frequency (see sample B graph

next page).

8
Energy (eV) Energy (eV)
A (Photo credits to the writer) B
Guide Questions:
1. Describe the relationship of wavelength and energy. What visible light has the longest
wavelength? The highest energy? What visible spectra has the shortest wavelength
and energy?
2. Describe the relationship of frequency and energy. What visible light has the highest
frequency? The highest energy? What visible spectra has the lowest frequency and
energy?
Conclusion: The energy of the visible light (increases/ decreases) as it goes towards from
red light to violet light. _______ light has the least energy while ______has the most energy.
Table 3. Approximate value of the frequency, wavelength, and energy of the visible spectra
Visible Light Spectra
9 Wavelength (nm)
Frequency
(Hz)
Energy (eV) Red 650 465 1.83 Orange 600 505 2.07 Yellow 550 525 2.14 Green 500 582 2.33
Blue 465 645 2.62 Indigo 447 670 2.74 Violet 422 710 2.93
Wavelength (nm)
YY

XX

Frequency (Hz)

What Is It

Light is electromagnetic radiation in the middle of the spectrum. Its wavelengths are

medium-sized, the only wavelengths that our eyes can detect. All of the colors of the rainbow

are part of the visible light set of the electromagnetic spectrum. The color Red light has the

longest wavelength (just short of infrared) and color violet light has the shortest wavelength

(just longer than ultraviolet radiation).

The different colors found in the rainbow also has different energies. The energy

increases from the shortest wavelength which is red towards the longest wavelength in the

visible spectrum which is violet. The energy is inversely proportional to the wavelength of the

colors of light. What’s More

Activity 2: The Rainbow Brick Wall

Objectives: At the end of the activity, you will be able to know that:
 1. white light is composed of different colors of different frequencies and

wavelength;

2. the frequencies of the colors of light are directly proportional to energy;

3. the wavelength of the colors of light is inversely proportional to energy; and

4. the arrangement of colors of light shows the hierarchy of the color’s

corresponding energy.

Materials:

Rainbow brick wall worksheet

Information strip of wavelength, frequency and energy of light

Glue, paste, double-sided tape, crayons or art materials

Procedure:

1. Draw the rainbow brick wall found on page 12 to a used folder or cartoon.

You can also photocopy the brick wall and paste or tape this to a used folder or

cartoon. Arrange the colors of the rainbow by shading each brick with the colors

/color materials from the bottom to the top following the wavelength or degree of

bending.

2. Copy and write all the information strips of wavelength, frequency and energy of

light corresponding to each color according to what you have learned from

lesson 1.

10

Guide Questions:

1. Which color has the highest and lowest frequencies?

2. Which color has the longest and the shortest wavelength?

3. Which colors has the lowest and the highest energy?

4. Compare the values of frequency to energy. Describe the relationship.

5. Compare the values of wavelength to energy. Describe also its relationship.

6. What did you observe about the energy from red to violet?

7. Write your conclusion about the rainbow ladder.

Information strips on Wavelength, Frequency and Energy

700nM 620nM 11
520nM

470nM
500Hz 475Hz
510Hz
580nM

400nM
445nM

570Hz
650Hz
750Hz
670Hz 2.90eV

2.70eV
2.60eV
2.10eV 2.15eV
 Rainbow Brick Wall (credits to the writer)

12
What I Have Learned

I. Arrange the colors of light from 1 as the lowest/shortest to 7 as the highest/longest in

terms of its energy.

______blue _______ orange ________green

______red _______ indigo

______violet _______yellow

III. Fill in the blanks. As you read the paragraph below supply the blanks (in numbers)
with the correct answer.

Frequency is _____ 1______ proportional to the energy. As the frequency ____2_____,

the energy also increases. Red has the lowest frequency with low energy and ____3___has the
highest frequency with high energy.

On the other hand, wavelength is _____4_______ proportional to the energy which

means that when the wavelength is short it has the highest energy and vice versa. In the
hierarchy of colors, red has the longest wavelength so, therefore, it has the ___5____ energy.
Violet, on the other hand, has the shortest wavelength so it has the highest energy
The energy of the visible light increases from red to ____6____.

What I Can Do

Task for the Week: Reflection Essay

Objectives:
At the end of this module, you will write a reflection essay that shows what you have
learned in lesson 2: how the colors are arranged according to their energy.

Materials: Reflection notebook, pen

Procedure:
1. Think of at least seven people/things/events/ dreams that you value in your life in
this pandemic time. 2. Then make a reflection essay by writing in the first paragraph an
introduction of
how important colors are to our life. 3. In the second paragraph, write down the seven most
valued people/things/events/ dreams that you have chosen in your life. Assign a color to
each of them according to the seven colors of the rainbow - red to violet. Arrange them
with red as the most valued and violet as the least valued. State your reasons for the
selection of the color.

13
4. Finally, create a statement that you can relate with the word’s energy, colors and light to
yourself and your perceptions in life. (For example, “The arrangement of colors in my life reveals
how energy has transcended me from a hopeless person to a human being with a new vision.”
By Jezza Marie D. Mejares)
Rubric Scoring Guide
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1

(20 Concept points) The fully the easy understand.

essay concept reflected to and is in Some concept reflected essay. check missing of the Need part.

were the in the to Few concept reflected essay. check missing parts the Need part.

are in of the the to Only concept reflected essay. rewrite essay. few the Need is in of the the to

Creativity (5 points) The very essay creative. was The somewhat creative. essay was The bit

essay creative. was a creativity There the essay. is at no all in Organization (5 Ideas points)

of excellent ideas to There the reflecting concept.

is flow an of satisfactory reflecting There concept.

of ideas is a to very flow the satisfactory reflecting There concept.

of ideas is to a flow the There reflecting flow to concept. check of is ideas a to need the the
Summary
1. Light has many characteristics and properties one of which is refraction. It is the
bending of light due to the change of its speed as it travels from one medium to another. The
density of the material will determine the speed of light. 2. One type of refraction is dispersion. It
is the splitting of white light into different colors when it passes a glass prism. The prism has
different refractive indices per wavelength of color that when light pass through it, there is that
bending of its color components in different angles. 3. The colors of light are hierarchically
arranged as ROYGBIV or red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. It is arranged
according to its frequency, wavelength and energy. Red has the lowest frequency, longest
wavelength and the least energy while violet has the highest frequency, shortest wavelength
and energy. The Energy and frequency increases from red light towards violet light while the
wavelength becomes longer from violet to red. 4. The dispersion of light in prism has been the
reason in many phenomena we have seen in our environment such as the blue skies, red
sunset, white ice, blue water and others.
14
Assessment: (Post-Test)

Direction: For each item encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Electromagnetic Spectrum is an array of colors arranged according to:

I. Frequency II. Speed
III. Wavelength IV.
Energy

B. I, II, IV B. II, III, IV C. I, II, III, D. I, III, IV

2. Dispersion is the
A. The splitting of light B. The
absence of light C. The joining
together of light D. The scattering
of light

3. A rainbow consists of ______ colors.

A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9

4. Refraction refers to the bending of light in different __________.

A. Density B. Mass C. Temperature. D. Volume

5. The energy of the visible light increases from red to __________

A. blue B. violet C. yellow D. green

6. Yellow has higher frequency than _____________

A. Orange B. Blue C. Indigo D. Violet

7. Orange has wavelength shorter than ___________.

A. Red B. Yellow C. Green D. Indigo

8. Hertz is a unit of
A. Frequency B. Wavelength C. Energy D. Speed

9. The energy of visible light __________ from violet to red.

 A. Decreases B. Nothing changed C. Increases D. The same

10. The frequency from red to violet

A. Decreases B. Nothing changed C. Increases D. The same

15
Key to Answers
16
17
 18

References

Campo, Pia C. et.al., Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Material. Department of Education-

Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DedEd-IMCHS) Pasay City. 2013

Toppr.com. Dispersion of Light. https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/human-eye-and-the-

colorful-world/refraction-and-dispersion-of-light/. Retrieved last June 15, 2020.
 19

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City Office

Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog City Telefax: 088
328 0108/ 088 328 0118 E-mail Address:
gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph