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LM in Reading and Writing M5-Q3
LM in Reading and Writing M5-Q3
Module 5
First Edition, 2021
Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.
Management Team:
Before going on, check how much you know about this topic.
Jumpstart
For you to understand the lesson well, do the following activity.
Have fun and good luck!
Activity 1: Let’s Work and Learn
Directions: Read and understand carefully the different types of academic
papers.
Types Academic Paper
1. Book Review or Article Critique. One of the basic school requirements is
writing a book review or an article critique. A book review or an article
critique gives essential information about a book (fiction or nonfiction)
or an article (e.g., from the newspaper, magazines, academic journals)
and provides an evaluation or a critical analysis of it.
2. Literature Review. Integrated analysis and synthesis of scholarly
articles related to the topics or issues included in your written thesis,
dissertation, or journal article. It is used to describe critically,
summarize, and evaluate the updated information from sources like
academic books, journal articles, research resources, and government
articles.
3. Research Report. Research is ―the systematic investigation into and
study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new
conclusions (Google).‖ The key to a good research report is the phrase
―systematic investigation.‖ Thus, researchers follow certain processes
to reach valid conclusions and discoveries.
4. Project Proposal. A Project Proposal sometimes referred to as ‗Terms of
Reference‘, is a document used to present the general plan and
justification to pursue a project. It is usually two to four pages in
length. The purpose of writing a project proposal is to serve as a guide,
to get funding, to convince people to participate, and to serve as a
reference for evaluating the project.
5. Position Paper. A position paper, also known as the point of view paper,
is used to claim a one-sided position on a specific issue. This type of
paper is used in academics, law, and politics and is usually one to one-
and-a-half pages in length. It contains factual arguments to support the
one-sided claim or position statement, but this will not limit the paper
to present just only the strength but also the weakness of the position
statement.
Directions: Identify and discuss briefly the differences among the types of academic
paper using the graphic organizer below. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answers.
Type Description
Discover
2. Body
This is the analysis and evaluation part of the review or critique paper.
Here are some questions that can help in your critical evaluation of the
material.
When writing a book review:
a. What are the setting, theme(s), plot, characterization, and other
significant literary devices used by the author?
b. How do these elements contribute to the overall meaning of the
book?
c. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the book?
d. What significant human experience and relationships can you
relate to in light of your personal experience?
e. How is the book similar to and/or different from other books in the
same genre?
f. Is the book informative, entertaining, or meaningful? Would you
recommend it to others? Why or why not?
3. Conclusion
Reference: Frank Tallis. "A Bridge to 18th Century London." The Washington
Post. 2009. Accessed March 30, 2016.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2009/07/08/AR2009070804089.html.
Explanation:
The sample paragraph is an excerpt of Frank Tallis‘ book review
of The Devil‟s Company. It can be observed that he included important
elements such as the setting, theme(s), and characterization in the
introduction of his book review.
Broad Topic
The broad topic discusses a clear background on what the research is. It gives
the reader an overview of what the general topic is all about.
Example:
Cyberbullying is described as an act of embarrassing or communicating false
information using the technology. It is now the new prevalent social
phenomenon.
Crimes against Children Research Center at the University of New
Hampshire are conducting the Youth Internet Safety Survey done thrice, each
after every five years. The result shows that there is an increase in
cyberbullying behavior rate from the year 2000 with 6% rate, 2005 with
9%,
and 2010 with 11% rate.
The data on the increase in the prevalence of cyberbullying can also
be counter-checked based on the School Crime Supplement to the National
Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). NCVS gathered data on the population of
students – ages twelve to eighteen enrolled in grades six and twelve – stating
that there is an increase of cyberbullying from 6.2% in 2009 to 9% in 2011.
Explanation:
In this lesson, the research question to answer is "Effects of
Cyberbullying and its Gender-Related Issue." The first part of the literature
review discussed the broad topic which is cyberbullying. The author also
states that cyberbullying is a new social phenomenon and is attested by two
surveys indicated after.
3. Research Report
Before writing a research report, you are required to use the
following skills that you have mastered from your previous lessons:
writing skills;
obtaining of information; and
posing convincing arguments.
Reminder!
Formal research is done when you conduct a thorough inquiry on a particular
topic. You determine a research problem first and provide answers to the
research questions. On the other hand, informal research is conducted on
tasks that do not require a highly structured paper as an output.
Exampl
e: Formal
Research
1. The Effects of Color on Advertising and its Relationship with Buying
Power
2. Determining the Motivation of Toddlers in Learning a Language
3. Alternative Sweeteners in Beverages and their Effect on the
Body Informal Research
1. The different colors of the rainbow
2. The history of computers
3. The reasons for cheating
This lesson focuses on writing a formal research report.
The Structure and Features of a Research Report
Example
You may use a table if you want to summarize your data analysis. On
the other hand, you may use figures such as charts if you want your readers
to see trends in your data set.
In the conclusion, you have to cite inferences that you made that
answered the research questions. This can be done in bullet form or prose
form. Consequently, the recommendation provides possible tasks to those
who will benefit from the research report.
4. Project Proposal
Before writing a project proposal, you are required to have key
knowledge of the following:
intended project to achieve; and
writing any proposed project needed to be achieved.
The Structure and Features of a Research Report
A project proposal is usually composed of the following parts, but it does not
necessarily mean all parts must be included in your project proposal. A cover
letter can also be attached to the project proposal.
Project Description
Project Description contains necessary information such as
project title, type of project, project proponents, number of
beneficiaries, location of beneficiaries, date of implementation, area of
project implementation, budget requirement, and budget requested.
Example:
TERMS OF REFERENCE
PROJECT TITLE: Hakbang sa Pagkatuto Project: Free Summer Class
for Preschooler
Explanation:
It is a quick reference to what the proposal is about. It includes
detailed information about the project.
I. Background/Situational Analysis
In this part, you may write a brief history of the proposal and the
immediate need or potential problem that you want to address. You may end
the background by including the major goal of this project.
Example:
The country is now one step ahead in developing our education system as we are now in
the process of the full K-12 implementation. With this is the emerging need for
kindergarten education. However, there is an emerging gap in the readiness of pre-
kindergarten students. This arising need is now the primary concern of the licensed
teacher – Ms. Lach Pacio – as she proposes „Hakbang sa Pagkatuto‟ Project: Free
Summer Class for Preschoolers.
Explanation:
The background or situational analysis serves as an introduction
to the proposal as it describes the issue and the immediate need to
resolve it.
Example:
The following are the foreseen risks or problems that can happen
during project implementation followed by the measures that would mitigate
adverse effects as follows:
1. Education Program
The lesson and the curriculum should be prepared before the class
starts. The students will be taught information according to his or her level. If
mastery is not gained for a certain task, the student may still proceed to
another lesson given the premise that the parents would also give emotional
support for the child to succeed.
Example:
Explanation:
In this example, the staff designated with their specific duties and responsibilities
are indicated
This example shows the detailed information about the activity to be done for
each project phase including the output, indicator, and person-in-charge.
Example:
Explanation:
VIII. Signatories
Example:
Prepared by:
(Signature)
Lach Pacio
Project Organizer, Licensed Teacher
Recommending Approval:
(Signature)
Benj
Meniano
Senior High School Principal, Fort Bonifacio High School
Approved by:
(Signature)
Joel Villain
Barangay Captain, Brgy. Rizal, Makati
Explanation:
5. Position Paper
Write the specific issue, together with its importance and effect
on society. End the introductory paragraph with your position statement
or your stand on the issue. Keep in mind that you could take only one
side of the argument.
Example:
The implementation of the K-12 program this year has a tremendous effect on the
Philippines‟ education system. The implementation by the Department of Education
complies with the Republic Act 10533 Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2012 mandating
the ten-year to an additional two years, making it twelve years of education for all. This
paper will solely focus on its claim that an additional two years is necessary to improve
the quality of education in the country.
Explanation:
The Content
The content may have several paragraphs. It may begin with
short background information or a discussion of arguments on both
sides of the issue. In each paragraph, write an explanation or
observation to clarify the portion of the position statement, followed
by the supporting evidence. Evidence that can be used is primary
source quotation, interviews with field experts, a recommendation
from scholarly articles and position papers, historical dates or events,
and statistical data.
Example
Explanation
The writer presents that the basis of the position statement is the
scores of the Filipino students. The examination performance shows a
low quality of education and it must be improved immediately. Notice
that the data was taken from TIMMS and must be cited in a footnote.
In the last part of writing the paper, summarize and reinforce the
concepts and facts presented without repeating the introduction and its
content. It is also optional to include the procedure used to deal with
the issue and your suggested possible solution or recommendation.
Example
The paper still stands on the claim that additional school years are needed by our
educational system. Based on the evidence presented including the low test-scores in
mathematics and sciences by grade four Filipino students, it shows that the additional
two years will aid the student in gaining mastery of school subjects. Since our country
has one of the highest labor workforces in the world, focusing on both enhancing
knowledge and skills is applicable to strengthen our workforce.
For that reason, the paper suggests that DepEd and the government should
focus on teacher training and development, for the law and its implementation will
not fully succeed without these teachers that are fully equipped and highly skilled.
Explanation:
In this end statement, the writer summarizes and reinforces the evidence. The
recommendation is also provided at the end of the paper.
Explore
Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and
strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.
Directions. Study the given text below and identify the unique features
of a book review used.
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, born in Lyons, France, was an aviator, poet, and
writer who is known for his book The Little Prince. Published in 1943, The Little
Prince was written during World II, after Germany invaded France, which forced
Saint-Exupéry to flee to New York. Some parts of The Little Prince were drawn from
Saint-Exupéry‟s own life and experiences.
Assessment 1
Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Read the following
items carefully and select the letter of the correct answer from the options given.
1. The following features were used in the above book review except for
a. the author‘s background c. title of the material
b. summary of the book d. social conditions
2. “Some parts of The Little Prince were drawn from Saint-Exupéry‟s own life and
experiences”. What feature of a book review is used in the statement?
a. social conditions c. date of publication
b. author‘s background d. thesis statement
3. “Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, born in Lyons, France, was an aviator, poet, and
writer who is known for his book The Little Prince.” What feature of a book
review is used in the statement?
a. political conditions c. plot and settings
b. author's background d. characterization
4. “Published in 1943, The Little Prince was written during World II”.
What feature of a book review is used in the statement?
a. political conditions c. date of publication
b. title of the material d. recommendations
5. Which part of a book review does the above text belong to?
a. introduction c. conclusion
b. body d. references
Enrichment Activity 2: On Literature Review
Directions. Study the given text below and identify the unique features
of a literature review used.
Motivation is very substantial and a key factor in developing the reading habit of a
person. It does not point toward mere frills, fun, or transitory excitement, but to a
cognitive commitment toward reading to learn and to extend one‟s aesthetic experience.
Assessment 2
Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Read the
following items carefully and select the letter of the correct answer.
1. What feature of the literature review is present in the above text?
a. an overview of the general topic
b. a discussion of the general topic
c. a piece of information partly related to the topic
d. a synthesis of all the gathered information
2. What feature of a literature review is included in the second
sentence of the text?
a. a piece of information partly related to the topic
b. a discussion of the general topic
c. a piece of information directly related to the topic
d. a synthesis of all the gathered information
3. What is the general topic of the literature review?
a. reading habit c. aesthetic experience
b. motivation in reading d. commitment to reading
4. Based on the above text, what requirement in writing a literature
review did the author follow?
a. synthesized the information c. checked the credentials
b. critically analyzed the information d. used untrusted websites
5. Which part of a literature review does the above text belong to?
a. broad topic
b. information partly related to the paper
c. information directly related to the paper
d. synthesis of the literature review
Assessment 4
Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Read the following
items carefully and select the letter of the correct answer.
1. The following features of a project proposal are present in the above
text except for
a. the aim of project c. target beneficiaries
b. duration of project d. the need of the beneficiaries
2. Who are the recipients of the project?
a. high school students c. college students
b. STEM students d. elementary students
3. What is the title of the project?
a. Interactive science-based activities
b. Explorospcope
c. Digital learning
d. Cell life
4. What is the purpose of the project?
a. explore a range of exciting interactive science-based activities
b. prepare outputs from their laptop for group debates
and/or discussions
c. bring out the inquisitive, manipulative, and innovative spirit of the
STEM students
d. investigate the fascinating world of cell life and other microscopic
details
5. Which part of a project proposal does the above text belong to?
a. Background/Situational Analysis
b. Project Objectives
c. Expected Output or Outcome of the Project
d. Risk Management Plan
Enrichment Activity 5: On Position Paper
Directions. Study the given text below and identify the unique features of a
position paper used.
The paper stands on its position against the implementation of K-12 education in the
country. The needs of the former educational system must be met first. The solution to this
issue is to strengthen the curriculum rather than coping with the standards set by the
international community.
Assessment 5
Directions: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. Read the following
items carefully and select the letter of the correct answer.
1. The following features of a position paper are present in the above
text except for
a. reinforcement c. recommendation
b. summary d. overview
2. What is the identified position of the writer in the text?
a. in favor c. in opposition
b. undecided d. certain
3. ―The solution to this issue is to strengthen the curriculum rather than coping with the
standards set by the international community”. What feature of a position paper is
used in the statement?
a. overview c. recommendation
b. summary d. reinforcement
4. ―The paper stands on its position against the implementation of K-12 education in the
country”. What feature of a position paper is used in the statement?
a. author‘s claim c. author‘s evidence
b. author‘s view d. author‘s support
5. Which part of a position paper does the above text belong to?
a. introduction c. content
b. end statement d. references
Deepen
2. The Philippines is one of the last countries in the world to have a ten-year
education system. The issue being tackled in this paper is whether or not
the K-12 education is needed by the country.‖
3. DepEd estimated a need for an additional PhP 150 billion to support this
program (DepEd Briefer, 2010). The outcome of this program depends on
resources offered by the country.‖
Gauge
Directions: Read carefully each item. Use a separate sheet for your answers.
Write only the letter of the best answer for each test item.
1. An essay is used to present a one-sided position on a specific issue.
a. critique paper c. one-point view paper
b. position paper d. research report
2. Which of the following part of the research report which contains the
research questions?
a. discussion b. introduction
c. methodology d. results
3. An essay that provides an evaluation or critical analysis of the book.
a. book review c. position paper
b. movie review d. research paper
4. Which of the following should NOT be introduced in the conclusion part of
your research paper?
a. ideas c. summary
b. new information d. tables and figures
5. What benefits will you most likely get from writing a book review or an
article critique?
a. It allows you to express your thoughts about something you have
read.
b. It lets you point out how the material should have been written.
c. It demonstrates your ability to criticize an author.
d. It develops your critical thinking skills.
6. Why do we need to write a position paper?
a. To limit the paper in presenting strengths and weaknesses.
b. To present a one-side position on a specific issue.
c. To establish your credibility as a writer.
d. To state arguments based on facts.
7. Which of the following should you do before writing a book review or an
article critique?
a. Make sure that the author has an interesting background.
b. List down possible sources to support your ideas.
c. Take note of important events or ideas.
d. Read the material more than once.
8. What appropriate phrase can you use if you are to write the introduction of
the position paper?
a. ―The main issue to be discussed on the paper is … and the paper
claims to stand on the argument that…‖
b. ―The argument presented in the paper shows that… this is
supported by the research made by…‖
c. ―The paper recommends that the … and the resolution to the
problem is …‖
d. ―To discuss further the issue, a statement by the … proves that…‖
9. Which of the following is the most appropriate for a research question?
a. What are the different colors of the rainbow?
b. How does age influence language learning?
c. How big is the moon?
d. Is the sky blue?
10. Peter researched information for his book review. When his teacher
returned his work, he read that it was plagiarized. How can Peter improve his
work? a. He should give credit to the sources of information.
b. He should research more information.
c. He must copy his classmate‘s work.
d. He must read the book again.
11. Why do we need to write a literature review?
a. to present the hypothesis of the research
b. to let the reader understand the background of the written
research
c. to establish the integrity of the writer
d. to state the published works unrelated to the written research