#1.

Entropy is
the amount of energy that is unavailable for work.

References:

https://www.britannica.com/science/entropy-physics

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-
12)/20%3A_Entropy_and_Free_Energy/20.01%3A_Entropy

The value of
entropy describes how much heat is being wasted or lost because of how
disorganized a system of molecules is. If we relate this to our society as an
example, let the people represent the molecules and the society as the system.
If people creates a chaos (disorder) such as riots, looting, civil war, and etc.,
the effect to the businesses will be low production because some businesses
closed down for safety purposes, some businesses' employees are affected and
are not anymore productive, and some businesses closed because there are not
enough workers anymore. The society is unstable and the economy is
low. Now, if we have organized and peaceful society, businesses work harmoniously
and productive which creates a better economy. Another example, a country that is not struck by
typhoons, earthquakes, and other calamities is expected to be more productive than the country that is
constantly ravaged by calamities (disorder). 

In Thermodynamics, the higher temperature creates a more chaotic movement of molecules which
causes higher entropy. The heatenergy becomes more dispersed as a result. Since it is more dispersed,
a fraction of it is lost to the environment without being converted to useful work.

Reference:

"Thermodynamics"
by Virgil Moring Faires

#2.
t= 170 oC

h=2400 kJ/kg

State = wet
steam

Specific
volume = 0.2 m3/kg approximately

p=0.8
MPa=800 kPa approximately

To find
internal energy, u:

h=u+pv

u=h-pv

u=2400-[(800)(0.2)]

u=2,240
kJ/kg

#3.

p=1.3
MPa=1,300 kPa

t=240 oC

 
State=superheated
steam

Degrees of
superheat=50 oSH approximately

h=2910 kJ/kg
approximately

s=6.75
kJ/kg-K approximately

#4.

h= 2,510
kJ/kg

s=6.9
kJ/kg-K

State=wet
steam

From hs
chart,

y=0.075 or
7.5% approximately

Solving for
quality, x:
x+y=1

x=1-y

x=1-0.075

x=0.925  or 92.5%

p=0.1 MPa
approximately

t=100 oC
approximately