Pertemuan ke-5

Statistik dan Probabilitas

Dr. F Pungky Pramesti, ST., MT.
 The number of permutations of n different item
is
The number of different arrangements in which these
items can be placed

Urutan diperhatikan

The number of permutation of n items have r

places to fill is:
n!
n Pr =
(n − r )!
5 letters A, B, C, D and E can be arranged of 3
letters, in:
First place by 5 letters
second place by (5-1) letters
third place by (5-1-1) letters
5 x 4 x 3 = 60 ways
Or

5!
5P3 =
(5 − 3)!
5x 4x3x2x1
=
2x1
= 60
 The number of combinations of n different item
is
the number of different selections of r items, each without
reference to the order or arrangement of the items in the group

Urutan TIDAK diperhatikan

The number of combination of r items from n

items is:
P n r n!
nCr = =
r! (n − r )! r!
In how many ways can a team of 9 be selected
from 12 people?
 n = 12
r=9
 12  12!
12C 9 = 
 9  = (12 − 9 )! 9!
 
12x11x10
=
3x2x1
= 220

From 6 men and 5 women how many

committees of 8 members can be formed when
each committee is to contain at least 3
women?
The probability of a success is the ratio of the
occurrence of a certain event as success to the
all the possible arrangements (or trial)
If:
n : possible arrangement
p : the occurences of success
Probability of success:
p/n

Probability of failure:
1 – p/n
a. Probability of occurrence of several of a
number of mutually exclusive events is the
sum of the probabilities of the separate events
mutually exclusive : if only one of
them can occur at a time
Example: tossing a dice shows a 1 or
a 6 but not both
b. Probability of a simultaneous occurrence of
a number of independet events is the product
of the separate probabilities
Independent event: if its occurrence
doesn’t affect the prob of the
occurrence of other events
Example: tossing two dices shows
the prob of having double 6
Continuous vs discrete:
A variable is continuous if it can theoritically
assume any value between two given limits,
othewise it is discrete variable
Discrete Random Variable
 Distinct and separate value.
 Countable
 e.g: having a head of a coin:
 Head: 1
 Tail: 0
 possible values are 1 and 0

Continuous Random Variable

 Any value in an interval. Interval may be infinite.
 Uncountable
 e.g: Number of random tensile strength selected
out of tensile test results.
 Possible outcomes are uncountable
Prob distribution of the sum of the
upturned faces of two fair dices

Cumulative distribution of the sum of the

upturned faces of two fair dices
If a random variable x is discrete, having prob
distribution p, the expected value of x is

E(x ) = ∑ pix i
i
If a random variable x is continuous, having
prob distribution p(x),
∞
E(x ) = ∫ x p(x ) dx
−∞
µ = mean of the
or probability distribution
µ = E(x )