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7
BUNKERING
7.1 Describes the preparation plan for bunkering fuel and lubricants
Bunkering or oil transfer, There are steps that everyone needs to take to safety first,
First step for the oil handling process has to be a meeting of persons involved in every step
that must reach the type and amount of oil. The ship will issue a document, Pre-bunker
meeting. In which the contents of the document will provide rough information Of the oil to
be received and various warnings and precautions Including penalties and fines in the event
of an accident that causes pollution. The sample Bunker management and operations
documents as below

Photo 7.1: Bunker management and operations documents

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7.1.1 How to bunkering

7.1.1.1 Bunkering Plan

The Bunker plan must be completed prior to bunkering finish and must be clarified
to those assigned to perform the task. Including

- Bunker date
- Bunker Location
- Specify the oil tank, location and capacity that need to bunker
- Specify oil level before bunker and estimate oil level after bunker
- Specify the oil tank order to receive first.

7.1.1.2 Safety and Anti-Pollution

Both of Chief Engineer and Chief Officer must verify together in operations to comply
with the safety and anti-pollution requirements contained in the Bunkering Safety Checklist
(ANNEX C) to be performed prior to receiving the bunker. Including

- Prepare equipment to prevent the occurrence of oil spills stationed in the

suspension
- Close all scupper hole
- Close bunker sounding hole
- Stand-by fire extinguishers at bunker station
- Connect fire hose for stand-by emergency case
- Keep ship position is clearly
- Verify all communication tools
- All equipment that we must use are good condition for work such as flange, pipe
connection.

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7.1.1.3 Bunker Plan Review

Chief Engineer and all operator must to review all procedure. The review will contain
details of

- Bunker Plan
- SOPEP
- The procedure for opening and closing the valve (Forth Engineer)
- Communication
- Responsible duties of the individual
- Emergency plan

7.1.1.4 Pre-Transfer Conference

Chief Engineer must check with operators for receiving the bunker, either with the
our ship and bunker ship, or bunker shore. The details consist of

- Start Date and time

- Oil type
- Order of getting oil
- Pipe connector and flange
- Operation Pressure not more than MAOP of bunker hose
- Bunker operator
- Emergency plan procedure and Emergency signal
- valve operation procedure each tank (Open and close step)
- Finish date and time

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7.1.1.5 Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

MSDS is a document that must be obtained from the bunker ship before start
bunkering to ensure the safety of the operator. The document will contain oil name, oil
hazard, characteristic and procedure to prevent harm from that oil.

Photo 7.2: Material Safety Data Sheet documents

7.1.1.6 Bunker Delivery Note

after finish bunkering process, the bunker ship will issue a document called Bunker
Delivery Note to our ship. The document will contain - Start and finish Date and time, oil
quantity, oil detail and serial number of oil that our ship receive from bunker ship. Finally
chief engineer and Chief officer will accepted by his sign

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7.1.2 Sampling Procedures

The sampling process starts collecting the sample oil when it starts receiving the oil
by sampling equipment is installed at the manifold at bunker station. The sampling rate
must be slow adjusted throughout the reception and a minimum sample oil content of 4
liters per each sampling.

Photo 7.3: Oil sampling equipment

In the sample bottle, there are 5 bottles in total:

- 1 bottle stored on the vessel for 2 year follow by company policy

- 1 bottle stored on the vessel for 2 year follow by ANNEC VI of MARPOL 73/78
- 1 bottle for the bunker vessel
- 1 bottle sent to scientific laboratory.
- 1 bottle for bunker surveyor

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Photo 7.4: Oil sampling bottle

The details on the label of the bottle include

- Ship’s name
- Bunker ship’s name
- Bunkering Date and time
- Ship location
- Type of oil and quantity that bunkering
- Chief Engineer signature, Cargo Officer signature and Bunker survey signature
- Sample serious number

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7.1.3 Fuel Analysis from laboratory

The sample oil was delivered to the laboratory for sent that to VISWALAB (SG) who
can inspect the quality of the sample fuel Oil by delivery type, if it is fuel oil (HFO), it will be
delivered every time for bunker work, while MGO oil will be delivered once a year.

Photo 7.5: Result from Laboratory document

The results from the lab will tell the quality of the oil from the amount of each
substance in the oil, such as Carbon Sulfur, to the water that will affect the performance of
the internal machinery. Make use of the oil received for example The oil must be preheated
to 98 ° C before purification for effective operation

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7.2 Describes the sounding

The ship's fuel tank consists of three types of tanks: diesel fuel tanks. Fuel oil and
lubricating oil The 3 types of tanks have different positions as follows.

Photo 7.2.1: Tank on Upper deck

Photo 7.2.2: Tank on 2nd deck (inside engine room)

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7.2.1 Magnetic Level Gauge

Inside engine room ( second deck ). We have H.F.O. Service tank for sent to engines,
H.F.O. Setting tank for sent to purifier then going to service tank, D.O. Service tank for this
tank normally we will circulate purify. So They not need Setting tank, G/E L.O. setting tank,
G/E L.O. service tank, G/E Purify L.O. tank, Cylinder L.O. tank
The vessel's tank oil level measurement will use the Magnetic Level Gauge system to
indicate the oil level in every tank of the ship.

Photo 7.2.3: Magnetic Level Gauge

The working principle behind a magnetic level indicator is that the measuring
instrument shares the same fluid - and therefore, the same level - as the vessel. The level
indicator is attached to the vessel and connects directly with the fluid to be measured.
Within the chamber is a float with a magnet assembly inside. This float rests on the fluid's
surface. As the fluid level rises or falls, so does the float. As the float moves up or down,
the magnet assembly rotates a series of bi-color magnetic flags or flaps, changing the visual
indicators mounted just outside the chamber from one color to the other. Since the
magnetic level indicator working principle relies on the interaction between magnets, these
level measuring instruments do not need a power source. They are also virtually
maintenance-free. An additional advantage: The indicator’s magnetic force can affect
optional switches or transmitters mounted outside of the chamber. The colored flags are
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easy to see, even from a distance, and are paired with a scale for precise readings. As for
any level instrumentation, the size and material of the float are chosen according to the
media, temperature, pressure, and density of the process media.

Photo 7.2.4: The interior and function of magnetic level gauge

The added device is installed with the Magnetic Level Gauge, the Alarm indicates the
fuel level inside the tank, it will tell you the level at two points: the High level on the top of
the Magnetic Level Gauge to indicate that the fuel has been filled. The tank is close to the
full capacity of the tank. The other point is at the bottom of the Magnetic Level Gauge,
which is a Low level indicating that the amount of oil is almost empty.

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7.2.2 Tank Sounding Basic

Sounding Tools: – Sounding Tape, in meter or feet. For Manual measurement of
sounding, a measuring tape normally made up of brass and steel with a weighted bob
attached at the end of the tape is used.

Photo 7.2.5: Sounding Tape

Water Finder and Oil Finder Pastes. Sounding pastes are also available for both water
and gas oil which highlights the level of fluid in tape.

Photo 7.2.6: Water Finder and Oil Finder

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Sounding Tanks Step of Works:

 Check the sounding tape and partly lowered on to the sounding pipe.
 Layered the suspected sounding depth with Water Finder Paste (if you check the
ballast)
 Layered the suspected sounding depth with Oil Finder Paste (if you check the oil)
 Continued to lowered the tape until the sounding tape bob touching the bottom
tank (datum plate).
 Roll up the sounding tape.
 Check the height of water / oil level that signed on the tape or the finder paste
changes the color to become red.
 Recorded the sounding.
 Check the trim and list of the ship for volume calculation.

Photo 7.2.7: How Does Sounding Works ?

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Photo 7.2.8: How Does Sounding Works ?

With reference to the above pictorial illustration, “Sounding” is the measure of

distance from the bottom of tank up to cargo level in the tank. “ullage” is the distance from
the top of the level of cargo to the maximum level or top of the cargo tank. As sounding
increases, the ullage decreases. as ullage increases, the sounding decreases. It is usual
practice on ships to take ullage when cargo/fuel oil is highly viscous. If the cargo/ bunkered
oil is viscous, and if “sounding” is taken, then the bob may get sticky and may contribute
false readings.

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7.3 Prepare when emergency while the bunkering fuel

Both of Chief Engineer and Chief Officer must verify together in operations to comply
with the safety and anti-pollution requirements contained in the Bunkering Safety Checklist
(ANNEX C) to be performed prior to receiving the bunker. Including

- Prepare equipment to prevent the occurrence of oil spills stationed in the

suspension
- Close all scupper hole
- Close bunker sounding hole
- Stand-by fire extinguishers at bunker station
- Connect fire hose for stand-by emergency case
- Keep ship position is clearly
- Verify all communication tools
- All equipment that we must use are good condition for work such as flange, pipe
connection.

Whenever there is an emergency while bunkering. We will follow by procedure below

- Press the emergency signal to notify everyone on the ship the situation has occurred,
characterized by a continuous buzzer sound for at least 10 seconds.
- Stop all activity at bunkering , stop bunker pump, close all bunkering valve that we
used in bunkering then inform bunker ship or bunker shore to know the situation.
- Inform the captain to execute a plan to deal with the situation.
- Inform the State, Coast or Neighborhood of the Bunker Pick Up Point.

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If the situation arises as a result of a ship's oil spill. the primary practice is that
everyone must fulfill his or her duty in the spillage station and follow the following
principles:

- Specify the amount of oil spilled

- Drain oil from the spill point and from the piping system to the empty tank. With
consideration to the balance of the ship always
- Shut down the air system entering the accommodation as a measure to prevent
volatile substances entering the accommodation
- Start the oil removing and cleaning process
- Operators must work carefully to prevent oil spilling out of the hull.
- Do not use chemicals or remove oil to the water until approved by coastal
- After controlling the situation and removing all oil spills both inside and outside the
hull, we can start Bunkering again. But have to make approved by company and coastal
before

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