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Astrid Alfira Noermawati - 20030234024 - Tugas Kimfis 006
Astrid Alfira Noermawati - 20030234024 - Tugas Kimfis 006
NIM : 20030234024
Kelas : KB 2020
1. Tuliskan term symbol dasar dari masing-masing atom pada tabel periodik periode 4!
a. K
2 2 6 2 6 1
19Sc = 1s 2s 2p 3S 3p 4s
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
2 2 6 2
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p6 4s1
S=|0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+½|=½
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 | = 0
J =|L+S| = | 0 + ½|
=½
Multiplisitas = 2S + 1
= 2.½ + 1
=2
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
2 2 6 2 6
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s2
S=|0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0 |=0
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 | = 0
J=|L+S| =|0+0|
=0
Multiplisitas = 2S + 1
= 2.0 + 1
=1
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p 6
3s2 3p6 4s2
↑
3d1
S=|0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+½|=2
L = |0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 | =2
J=|L–S| = 2 -½
3
=
2
Multiplisitas = 2S + 1
= 2.½ + 1
=2
↑↓2
1s ↑↓2
2s ↑↓ 2p6 ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓2
3s ↑↓ ↑↓6
3p ↑↓ ↑↓
4s2
↑ ↑
3d2
S = | 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½+ ½ | = 1
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 | = 3
J=|L–S| =3–1
=2
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.1 + 1
=3
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
↑ ↑ ↑
3d3
3
S = | 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½ + ½+ ½ | =
2
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 | =3
3
J=|L–S| =3–
2
3
=
2
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
3
= 2. + 1
2
=4
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p 6
3s2 3p6 4s
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
3d5
6
S = | 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½ + ½+ ½+ ½+ ½+ ½ | =
2
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 - 2| =0
J=|L–S| = |2–2|
=0
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
6
= 2. + 1
2
=7
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p 6
4s 2
↑ ↑ ↑3d5 ↑ ↑
5
S=|0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+½+½+½+½+½|=
2
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 - 2| =0
5
Subkulit setengah penuh, sehingga J = S =
2
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
5
= 2. + 1
2
=6
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
6
3d
S=|0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+½+½+½+½+½-½|=2
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 – 2 + 2| =2
J=|L+S| =2+2
=4
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.2 + 1
=5
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s 2
↑↓ ↑↓ 3d7 ↑ ↑ ↑
3
S = | 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½ + ½ + ½ + ½ + ½ - ½- ½ | =
2
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 – 2 + 2 + 1| =3
J=|L+S| = | 3 + 3/2 |
9
=
2
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
3
= 2. + 1
2
=4
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
3d8
S↑↓
= | 0 +↑↓
0 + 0 ↑↓
+ 0 + 0↑↓
+ 0 + ↑0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½ + ½ + ½ + ½ + ½ - ½ - ½ - ½| = 1
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 – 2 + 2 + 1 + 0| =3
J=|L+S| =|3+1|
=4
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.1 + 1
=3
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p 6
3s2 3p6 4s2
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
9
3d
S = | 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½ + ½ + ½ + ½ + ½ - ½ - ½ - ½- ½|
=½
L= | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 – 2 + 2 + 1 + 0 - 1|
=2
J=|L+S| =2+½
5
=
2
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.½+ 1
=2
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.½+ 1
=1
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
10
3d 4p1
S = | 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½ | =½
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 – 2 + 1| = 1
J=|L-S| = | 1-½ |
=½
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.½+ 1
=2
n. Ge
2 2 6 2 6 2 10 2
32Ge = 1s 1s 2p 3S 3p 4s 3d 4p
1s↑↓
2 ↑↓2
2s ↑↓ ↑↓6
2p ↑↓2
3s ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓6
3p ↑↓ ↑↓
4s2
3d10 4p2
S↑↓
= | 0 +↑↓
0 + 0 +↑↓0 + 0 ↑↓
+ 0 + 0↑↓
+ 0 + 0 ↑+ 0 + 0↑+ 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½+ ½ | =1
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 – 2 + 1 + 0| = 1
J=|L-S| =|1-1|
=0
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.1+ 1
=3
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑
3d10 4p3
3
S = | 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½+ ½ + ½ | =
2
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 – 2 + 1 + 0 -1| =0
3
J=S =
2
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
3
= 2. + 1
2
=4
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑ ↑
3d10 4p4
S = | 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½+ ½ + ½- ½| =1
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 – 2 + 1 + 0 -1 +1| =1
J = |L + S | =1+1
=2
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.1+ 1
=3
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p 6
4s 2
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
3d10 4p5
S = | 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + ½+ ½ + ½ - ½- ½|
=½
L = | 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 – 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 -1 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 – 1 – 2 + 1 + 0 -1 +1 + 0|
=1
J = |L + S | =1+½
3
=
2
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.½+ 1
=2
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
Multiplisitas = 2S+1
= 2.0+ 1
=1
2. Tuliskan term symbol-term symbol tereksitasi dari masing-masing atom pada tabel
periodik periode 4!
a. K tereksitasi
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p 6
↑ 3d1
L=2D
1
S=
2
3 5
J=|L–S|,|L+S| = ,
2 2
Multiplisitas = 2S + 1
1
= 2. + 1
2
=2
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p 6
4s 1
↑
3d1
L=2D
S=1
J=|L–S|,|L+S| = 1 ,3
Multiplisitas = 2S + 1
= 2.1 + 1
=3
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
4s1
↑ ↑
3d2
L=3F
3
S=
2
3 9
J=|L–S|,|L+S| = ,
2 2
Multiplisitas = 2S + 1
3
= 2. + 1
2
=3
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
4s1
↑ ↑ ↑
3d3
L=3F
S=2
J=|L–S|,|L+S| = 5,1
Multiplisitas = 2S + 1
= 2.2+ 1
=5
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
4s1
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
3d4
L=2D
5
S=
2
1 9
J=|L–S|,|L+S| = ,
2 2
Multiplisitas = 2S + 1
5
= 2. + 1
2
=6
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
4s1
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
5
3d
L=0S
S=3
J=|L–S|,|L+S| = 3
Multiplisitas = 2S + 1
= 2.3+ 1
=7
Jadi, term symbol Cr yaitu 7S3
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3d10
1
S=
2
L=0
1 1
J=|L–S|,|L+S| = ,
2 2
Multiplisitas =2
Jadi,term symbol Cu yaitu 2S 1/2
2
1s
↑↓ 2s2 ↑↓ 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑
↑↓
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 10 ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3d 4p3
S=2
L=0
J=|L–S|,|L+S| = 2,2
Multiplisitas =5
Term symbol Ge yaitu = 5S2
2
1s↑↓ 2s2↑↓ ↑↓ 2p
↑↓
6
↑↓
2
3s↑↓ ↑↓
6
↑↓3p ↑↓ 4s
↑
1
↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
3d10 4p6
1
S=
2
L=0
1 1
J=|L–S|,|L+S| = ,
2 2
Multiplisitas =2
2
Term symbol Br yaitu S1/2
4. Gunakanlah aturan seleksi untuk menentukan transisi terlarang dan transisi yang
dibolehkan pada perpindahan electron dari term symbol dasar ke term symbol
tereksitasi
∆S = 0
∆L = 0, ±1
∆J =0, ±1
Kaidah Laporte :
Transisi yang diperbolehkan adalah genap ke ganjil atau ganjil ke genap.
Sedangkan transisi yang tidak diperbolehkan adalah genap ke genap atau ganjil ke
ganjil. Disini “genap” dan “ganjil” berkaitan dengan penjumlahan ∑ L pada
semua elektron