STAT 1 Lab Exercise 10: Hypothesis

Testing - Two Population Means

Problem 1
A researcher wishes to see if the average length of the major rivers in the United States is the same as the
average length of the major rivers in Europe. The data (in miles) of a sample of rivers are shown. At the 1%
level of significance, is there enough evidence to reject the claim? Assume σ1 = 450 and σ2 = 474.

Data set: (An MS Excel file containing these data are attached together with this
exercise.)

1a. The samples observed are classified as

1 point

Independent samples
Dependent samples

Let X1 and X2 be the length of the major rivers in the United States and in Europe,
respectively.

1b. Hypotheses:
1 point

H0: μD = 0; Ha: μD ≠ 0
H0: μD = 0; Ha: μD > 0
H0: μD = 0; Ha: μD < 0
H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0; Ha: μ1 - μ2 ≠ 0
H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0; Ha: μ1 - μ2 > 0
H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0; Ha: μ1 - μ2 < 0

1c.i. Decision Rule: This is a...

1 point

Two-tailed test
Right-tailed test
Left-tailed test

1c.ii. Decision Rule: We have...

1 point

Case 1.1 for independent samples

Case 1.2 for independent samples
Case 2 for independent samples
dependent samples, so the special type of t-test is used

1c.iii. Decision Rule: (The critical value to be filled in the next question)
1 point

Reject Ho if |Zc| > |Z0.005| = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.

Reject Ho if Zc > Z0.01 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject Ho if Zc < Z0.01 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject Ho if |tc| > t0.005,30 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject Ho if tc > t0.01,30 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject Ho if tc < -t0.01,30 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject Ho if |tc| > t0.005,60 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject Ho if tc > t0.01,60 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject Ho if tc < -t0.01,60 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.

1c.iv. What is the critical value in the previous item? (Round off to the nearest
thousandths)
1 point

Your answer

1d. Compute for the test statistic: Zc or tc, whichever is appropriate. (Round off
answer to the nearest thousandths)
1 point
Your answer

1e. Decision:
1 point

Reject H0
Fail to reject H0

1f. Conclusion:
1 point

At the 1% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the average
length of the major rivers in the United States is different from the average length of the major
rivers in Europe.
At the 1% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the average
length of the major rivers in the United States is greater than the average length of the major
rivers in Europe.
At the 1% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the average
length of the major rivers in the United States is less than the average length of the major rivers in
Europe.
At the 1% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the average
length of the major rivers in the United States is different from the average length of the major
rivers in Europe.
At the 1% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the average
length of the major rivers in the United States is greater than the average length of the major
rivers in Europe.
At the 1% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that t he average
length of the major rivers in the United States is less than the average length of the major rivers in
Europe.

Problem 2
A sample of non-English majors at a selected college was used in a study to see if the student retained more
from reading a 19th-century novel or by watching it in DVD form. Each student was assigned one novel to read
and a different one to watch, and then they were given a 20-point written quiz on each novel. The test results
are shown below. At the 5% level of significance, can it be concluded that the book scores are higher than the
DVD scores?

Data set: (An MS Excel file containing these data are attached together with this
exercise.)
2a. The samples observed are classified as
1 point

Independent samples
Dependent samples

Let X1 and X2 be the student’s score on the quiz about the novel given in book form
and in DVD form, respectively.

2b. Hypotheses:
1 point

H0: μD = 0; Ha: μD ≠ 0
H0: μD = 0; Ha: μD > 0
H0: μD = 0; Ha: μD < 0
H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0; Ha: μ1 - μ2 ≠ 0
H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0; Ha: μ1 - μ2 > 0
H0: μ1 - μ2 = 0; Ha: μ1 - μ2 < 0

2c.i. Decision Rule: This is a...

1 point

Two-tailed test
Right-tailed test
Left-tailed test

2c.ii. Decision Rule: We have...

1 point

Case 1.1 for independent samples

Case 1.2 for independent samples
Case 2 for independent samples
dependent samples, so the special type of t-test is used

2c.iii. Decision Rule: (The critical value to be filled in the next question)
1 point

Reject H0 if |Zc| > |Z_0.025| = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.

Reject H0 if Zc > Z0.05 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject H0 if Zc < Z0.05 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject H0 if |tc| > t0.025,6 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject H0 if tc > t0.05,6 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject H0 if tc < - t0.05,6 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject H0 if |tc| > t0.025,12 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject H0 if tc > t0.05,12 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
Reject H0 if tc < - t0.05,12 = _____. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho.
2c.iv. What is the critical value in the previous item? (Round off to the nearest
thousandths)
1 point

Your answer

2d. Compute for the test statistic: Zc or tc, whichever is appropriate. (Round off
answer to the nearest thousandths)
1 point

Your answer

2e. Decision:
1 point

Reject H0
Fail to reject H0

2f. Conclusion:
1 point

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the book
scores differ from the DVD scores.
At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the book
scores are higher than the DVD scores.
At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the book
scores are lower than the DVD scores.
At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the book
scores differ from the DVD scores.
At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the book
scores are higher than the DVD scores.
At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that the book
scores are lower than the DVD scores.
The number of grams of fiber per serving for a random sample of three different kinds of foods is listed. Is
there sufficient evidence at the 5% level of significance to conclude that there is a difference in mean fiber
content among breakfast cereals, fruits, and vegetables?

Data set: (An MS Excel file containing these data are attached together with this
exercise.)

Let X1, X2, and X3 be the number of grams of fiber content per serving for breakfast
cereals, fruits, and vegetables, respectively.

1. Hypotheses:
1 point

(a) H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3; Ha: At least one mean is different

(b) H0: μ1 = μ2 = μ3; Ha: μ1 ≠ μ2 ≠ μ3
Both hypotheses (a) and (b) would work

2. In the decision rule: "Reject Ho if Fc > F0.05(A, B) = C. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho."
Answer the next three questions.

2a. What is the value for df for treatments, A?

1 point

Your answer

2b. What is the value for df for error, B?

1 point

Your answer

2c. What is the critical value, C? (Round off to the nearest hundredths)
1 point
Your answer

3. Computation of Test statistic: Fc

Answer the next seven questions while referring to the following table.

Fill in the missing values of the ANOVA table. (If the answer is not a whole number,
round off to the nearest thousandths.)

3a. D:
1 point

Your answer

3b. E:
1 point

Your answer

3c. F:
1 point

Your answer

3d. G:
1 point

Your answer
3e. H:
1 point

Your answer

3f. I:
1 point

Your answer

3g. J:
1 point

Your answer

4. Decision:
1 point

Reject H0
Fail to reject H0

5. Conclusion:
1 point

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that there is a
difference in mean fiber content among breakfast cereals, fruits, and vegetables.
At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that there is a
difference in mean fiber content among breakfast cereals, fruits, and vegetables.

6. Does it make sense to conduct post-hoc analysis for this problem?

1 point

Yes, because the result was significant (we rejected the null hypothesis)
Yes, because the result was insignificant (we failed to reject the null hypothesis)
No, because the result was significant (we rejected the null hypothesis)
No, because the result was insignificant (we failed to reject the null hypothesis)
Suppose it makes sense to conduct a post-hoc analysis. We will use Tukey’s test to make pairwise
comparisons between means.

1. The decision rule for Tukey’s test would be as follows: "Reject H0 if |qc| > q0.05,K,L
= M. Otherwise, fail to reject Ho." Answer the next three questions.

1a. What is the value for the number of treatments, K?

1 point

Your answer

1b. What is the value for df for error, L?

1 point

Your answer

1c. What is the critical value, M? (Round off answers to the nearest hundredths)
1 point

Your answer

Remember: Let X1, X2, and X3 be the number of grams of fiber content per serving for
breakfast cereals, fruits, and vegetables, respectively.

2. Pairwise comparison test 1

Given the hypotheses: H0: μ1 = μ2; Ha: μ1 ≠ μ2. Answer the next two questions.

2a. Compute for the Tukey’s q-statistic (round off answer to the nearest thousandths):
1 point

Your answer

2b. What is the appropriate conclusion based on the computed q-statistic above?
1 point

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that breakfast
cereals and fruits have different mean fiber content.
At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that breakfast
cereals and fruits have different mean fiber content.
3. Pairwise comparison test 2
Given the hypotheses: H0: μ1 = μ3; Ha: μ1 ≠ μ3. Answer the next two questions.

3a. Compute for the Tukey’s q-statistic (round off answer to the nearest thousandths):
1 point

Your answer

3b. What is the appropriate conclusion based on the computed q-statistic above?
1 point

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that breakfast
cereals and vegetables have different mean fiber content.
At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that breakfast
cereals and vegetables have different mean fiber content.

4. Pairwise comparison test 3

Given the hypotheses: H0: μ2 = μ3; Ha: μ2 ≠ μ3. Answer the next two questions.

4a. Compute for the Tukey’s q-statistic (round off answer to the nearest thousandths):
1 point

Your answer

4b. What is the appropriate conclusion based on the computed q-statistic above?
1 point

At the 5% level of significance, there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that fruits and
vegetables have different mean fiber content.
At the 5% level of significance, there is insufficient evidence to support the claim that fruits and
vegetables have different mean fiber content.