1.

stress is a physical quantity that

 

expresses the internal forces that

neighbouring particles of a continuous
material exert on each other,
while strain is the measure of the
deformation of the material.

2.Elasticity is the property of a material by virtue of

which
deformation caused by stress disappears upon removal of
stress.
3.The elastic limit is defined as the greatest
stress that a Permanent set material is capable
of developing without permanent set.
4
The proportional limit is defined as the greatest
stress that a material is capable of developing
without deviation from the straight-line
proportionality between stress and strain.
5. Yield point is the point at which the material
will have an appreciable elongation or yielding
without any increase in load.
5’.
The yield strength or yield stress is a material
property and is the stress corresponding to the yield
point at which the material begins to deform
plastically.
6. When the load is increased beyond the
proportional limit, a point is reached when
the specimen suddenly starts to deform at a
much faster rate without any increase in the
load. The highest value of the stress after
which this sudden extension occurs is known
as
the upper yield point (Yu)

8. The lower yield point (YL) is the stress

which produces a considerable amount of
elongation

7. Upper yield point is the point after which the

plastic deformation starts. ... This is
called strain hardening and lower yield point is
the point after which strain hardening begins. Beyond the
elastic limit plastic deformation occurs and strains are not
totally recoverable.

9. Tensile stress can be defined as the magnitude

of force applied along an elastic rod, which is
divided by the cross-sectional area of the rod in a
direction perpendicular to the applied force.

10 Ductility is an indication of how much

plastic strain a material can withstand before it
breaks. Ductility include percent elongation and
reduction in area.
11. Percent Elongation - The strain at fracture in
tension, expressed as a percentage = ((final gage
length – initial gage length)/ initial gage length) x
100. Percent elongation is a measure of ductility.
12. Modulus is defined as being the slope of the
straight-line portion of a stress (σ) strain (ε) curve
13. modulus of elasticity :Under simple stress
within the proportional limit, the ratio of
stress to strain is called the modulus of elasticity
13’. Hooke's law to say that the strain (deformation) of
an elastic object or material is proportional to the stress
applied to it

14.Modulus of resilience is the maximum amount of energy per

unit volume that a material can absorb and still return to its original
position.
15. Modulus of Toughness of a material is its ability to absorb
energy without causing it to break.( defined as the amount of
strain energy density (strain on a unit volume of material)
that a given material can absorb before it fractures)
16. Ultimate strength is the maximum stress the material can
develop, and is computed on the basis of the maximum load carried
by the test piece divided by the original area of cross-section
17. Young's modulus is a measure of the ability of a
material to withstand changes in length when under
lengthwise tension or compression