Question PT quiz

1. Different types of discontinuities in various materials require different

penetration limes. In general, fine, tight cracks require:

A shorter penetration time than is required for large shallow diseontinuities.

A longer penetration time than is required for large shallow discontinuities.
The same penetration time as is required for large shallow discontinuities.
A heavy etch before they can be detected.

2. When penetrant testing for shallow discontinuities using a post

emulsification penetrant, the emulsification time should be long enough to:

Mix the emulsifier with the excess surface penetrant only.

Mix the emulsifier with all the penetrant on the surface and in discontinuities.
Mix the emulsifier with penetrant in the discontinuities.
Allow the emulsifier to thy out to a white powder.

3. The part is an aluminium casting. Description - the casting has a very

complex design. In one section there is a flat area having a thickness of 3 mm
(1/8� ). In the centre of this area is a round section, 50mm (2� ) thick and
25mm (1� ) in diameter. There are linear indications about one-half the
distance around the base where it joins into the thin section. The indication is
termed:

Dross.
Hot tear.
Microshrinkage.
Porosity.

4. When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the surface of a

part could be indicative of:

Fatigue cracks.
Porosity.
Weld laps.
Hot tears.

5. Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging?

 Shrinkage cracks.
Laps.
Cold shuts.
Insufficient penetration.

6. Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in discontinuities

by aiding the:

Post-cleaning process.
Emulsification process.
Bleed-out process.
Drying process.

7. Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging?

Shrinkage crack.
Lap.
Hot tear.
Lamination.

8. Which of the following methods for applying non-aqueous developer is

normally considered most effective?

Spraying.
Swabbing.
Brushing.
Dipping.

9. When using a non-aqueous wet developer with a visible (red dye) penetrant,
the developer coating for the maximum available sensitivity should be:

very thin, almost invisible

thin, but thick enough to form a clearly visible white coating
very thick, the thicker the better
the thickness of the developer coating does not affect sensitivity
10. A part to be penetrant tested has just been removed from a vapour
degreaser. What is the next step in processing?

clean the part using an aerosol container of solvent

immerse the part immediately in the tank of penetrant
heat the part to evaporate the degreasing solvent, then immerse it in the tank of
penetrant
wait for a few minutes, then immerse the part in the tank of penetrant

11. Which of the following (on the basis of cost-efficiency) NOT recommended
for penetrant application and dwell?

apply penetrant by pouring it on the part and allow to drain for 20 minutes
immerse the part in penetrant for 20 minutes then drain for 30 seconds
immerse the part in penetrant for 30 seconds then drain for 20 minutes
apply the penetrant using a clean paint brush then drain for 20 minutes

12. The part is a 12.5 mm (1/2� ) thick aluminium plate with a Vee weld.
Description - the indication appears in an area that is somewhat dish-shaped.
The indication extends out from the centre in a spoke formation. The
indication is:

Shrinkage.
Non-relevant.
A quench crack.
A crater crack.

13. If the ultra-violet lamp being used for inspection has a cracked filter:

an explosion could occur

harmful damage could occur to your eyes
no effects will occur
the lamp will not operate

14. Localized heating of steel objects can result in

grinding cracks
heat checks
 arc strike cracks
all of the above

15. Which of the following is an advantage of fluorescent penetrants over

visible type penetrants?

The inspection can be carried out in a well-lit area.

Small indications are more easily seen.
They can be used where contact with water is objectionable.
Less sensitive to contamination of discontinuities.

16. Which of the following disconthiuities could be classified as a finishing

processing discontinuity?

Fatigue crack.
Stress-corrosion crack.
Lamination.
Heat-treat crack.

17. Penetrant dwell time is dependant on:

discontinuity configuration
developer time
draintime
being at least 10 minutes

18. Which of the following is most apt to render the post-emulsification test
ineffective?

Too long of a pe� etrant time.

Too long of a developing time.
Too long of an emulsifynig time.
None of the above.

19. Which discontinuities are more dangerous?

Gas pores in a weld.

Subsurface shrinkage.
 Surface breaking fatigue cracks
Surface breaking porosity.

20. Emulsifier time:

Is important but not normally critical.

Is the time needed to rinse the emulsifier and excess penetrant from the
surface. -
Is extremely important and will greatly affect test results.
Should be as long as economically practical.

21. A term used to define defect is:

Any discontinuity with a volume greater than 1 cubic mm.

Any abnormal condition in a part.
Any change in the structure of a material, either linear or volumetric.
A discontinuity, the size, shape, orientation, or location of which reduces the
useful service of the part in which it occurs.

22. A commonly used method of checking the overall performance of a

penetrant system is by:

determining the viscosity of the penetrant.

measuring the wettability of the penetrant.
comparing two sections of an artificially cracked aluminium sample.
all of the above

23. A penetrant indication, suspected of resulting from a small crack, is found

in a titanium compressor blade. Which of the following NDT methods would
most reliably confirm that a crack is present?

eddy cunent testing

magnetic particle testing
radiographic testing
ultrasonic testing

24. The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily

related to:
 the specific gravity of th penetrant
cohesive forces of the penetrant
leakage fields
capillarity

25. When post-emulsifiable penetrant is kept in open tanks for application by

immersion:

the removability of the penetrant should be checked regularly using a smooth

test panel
the penetrant should be checked regularly for sensitivity using a cracked test
panel
the penetrant should be checked regularly for water content
no checking of the penetrant� s properties is required if it is supplied by a
reputable manufacturer

26. Which of the following penetrant inspection processes is generally agreed

to be the most sensitive and reliable?

Water-washable fluorescent penetrant with a water suspended developer.

Post-emulsifiable colour-contrast penetrant with a non-aqueous wet developer.
Post-emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant with a non-aqueous wet developer.
Solvent-removable fluorescent penetrant with a dry developer.

27. During a penetrant test, water was used to remove the surface penetrant
after the penetrant dwell. The surface:

should be dried before the application of either dry or non-aqueous wet

developer
need not be dried before the application of either dry or non-aqueous wet
developer
need not be dried before the application of dry developer but should be dried
before the application of non-aqueous wet develope
should be dried before the application of dry developer but need not be dried
before the application of non-aqueous wet develope

28. Tests for penetrant sensitivity may best be conducted using:

cracked chromium-plated specimens

 chemical analysis
fluorescence measurements
measurements of dye content

29. Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled

plate stock?

Shrinkage cracks.
Inclusions.
Forginglaps.
Blow holes.

30. The term � non-relevant indication� is used to describe certain types of

penetrant testing indications. Which of the following would be a typical
� non-relevant indication� ?

Indications due to part geometry or part design configurations.

Nonmagnetic indications.
Multiple indications.
Non-linear indications.

31. A fluorescent water-washable test system uses spray application of

penetrant and a storm cabinet (� cloud chamber� ) for application of dry
developer. At what locations should black light be available?

the inspection booth only

the penetrant application station and the inspection booth
the penetrant removal station and the inspection booth
the penetrant application station, the penetrant removal station, and the
inspection booth

32. Which of the following is TRUE concerning final inspection after

fluorescent penetrant processing?

Inspection may be carried out in normal factory lighting provided the black
light intensity meets specification requirements.
Mercury arc lamps with a flood globe should be used.
 The inspector should wait a few minutes after entering a darkened booth before
commencing close inspection.
Inspection may be carried out at any convenient time after developer has been
applied.

33. When improper processing causes inspection difficulties, what should the
inspector do?

Swab parts with a solvent.

Use a correct bleed-back procedure.
Erase non-relevant fluorescence.
Reprocess the part.

34. A part being processed through a fluorescent water-washable penetrant

system was inadvertently left to drain overnight after the application of
penetraut. What action should be taken?

Proceed immediately to the water-rinse step.

Reapply penetrant then proceed immediately to the water rinse step.
Reapply penetrant then allow a further 10 to 15 minutes drain time before
proceeding to the water-rinse step.
Completely reprocess the part, commencing with cleaning.

35. Of the methods listed below, the most effective means of precleaning a test
item prior to a penetrant test is:

Vapour degreasing.
Detergent cleaning.
Steam cleaning.
Solvent wiping.

36. When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable visible
dye penetrant one method listed below is generally regarded as most suitable
for giving accurate test results?

Squirting solvent over the surface with no more than 275 kPa (40 psi) pressure.
Wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then wiping with a dry cloth.
Wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, then wiping with dry cloths.
 Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, and
finally wiping with dry cloth.

37. If the ultra-violet lamp being used for inspection has a cracked filter:

discontinuities may be missed during inspection

an explosion could occur
no effects will occur
the lamp will not operate

38. Which factor would apply in determining the dwell time required for the
penetrant to be effective?

Type of discontinuity sought.

Shape of part.
Size of part.
Surface roughness.

39. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as an inherent

discontinuity often found in cast material?

Fatigue crack.
Stress-corrosion crack.
Porosity.
Lack of penetration.

40. The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily

related to:

The viscosity of the penetrant.

The capillary forces.
The chemical inertness of the penetrant.
The specific gravity of the penetrant.

41. Which of the following discontinuities might be found in a welded

fabrication?

Shrinkage.
 Lack of fusion.
Seams.
Laps.

42. Which of the following is TRUE concerning vapour degreasing prior to

penetrant inspection?

Vapour degreasing is a commonly used cleaning method.

Parts should be allowed to cool prior to application of penetrant.
Wet parts need not be dried prior to vapour degreasing because the hot vapour
will dry the parts.
After parts have been vapour degreased they should be given a final solvent
preclean prior to penetrant inspection.

43. The excess penetrant removal technique that removes the most penetrant
from discontinuities is:

water wash
post emulsified water wash
solvent wipe
rag wiping

44. Which of the following is a purpose of the drying process used in penetrant
testing?

The drying proceslis used to assure that all excess penetrant will evaporate
The drying process assures the uniform drying of dry developer applied over a
wet emulsifier.
The drying process reduces penetration time.
After the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a
uniform developer coating.

45. Cast grey iron would be inspected using what inspection technique:

dual sensitivity penetrant

solvent removable
post-emulsifiable
water washable
46. Which of the following discontinuities would be impossible to detect using
a liquid penetrant test?

Forging lap.
Crater crack.
Grinding cracks.
Non-metallic internal inclusions.

47. Which of the following is a recommended method of application of

lipophilic emulsiflers?

Immerse the part then drain for one minute before water rinsing.
Immerse the part for two minutes then commence water rinsing.
Brush the emulsifier on all � urfaces then allow to drain for one minute.

Immerse the part for 15 minutes then allow to drain for 15 minutes before
water rinsing.

48. Why is it advisable to have a black light installed at the wash station?

So that inspection can be done without drying parts.

To speed the bleeding of penetrant out of defects.
To check the effectiveness of the wash cycle.
To determine if parts have been covered with penetrant.

49. One of the differences between the hydrophffic and lipophilic post-
emulsifiable penetrant systems is:

Lipophilic emulsifiers should be diluted with water prior to use.

The hydrophilic process is more expensive;
The application of hydropbilic remover to test parts should be preceded by a
water rinse.
Lipophilic emulsifiers may be applied by spraying whereas hydrophilic
emulsiflers should be applied by immersion only.

50. Which of the statements below best states the danger of using sandblasting
for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested?

The discontinuities may be closed.

Oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities.
 The sand used in the sandblasting operation may be forced into the
discontinuity.
The sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities in the part.