DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

PRACTICAL LIST OF APPLIED PHYSICS LAB

S.
EXPEIMENTS Page No
No.#

Follow the instructions to study the characteristics of LRC accepter circuit and
1 2-3
determine the value of inductance.

2 React to the motion of fly wheel and find the moment of inertia of a flywheel. 4-5

3 Trace the response of inverse square law using photocell. 6

4 Follow the steps to find the value of unknown resistances by neon flash bulb 7-8

Follow the Poisselleous method to find the value of viscosity of water

5 9-10

Follow the steps to trace the characteristics of the P-N-P Transistor in common
6 11-12
emitter mode

Follow the steps to find the value of acceleration due to gravity “g” by using
7 13-14
Compound pendulum.

Follow the instructions to study the characteristics of LRC rejector circuit and
8 15-16
determine the value of inductance.

9 Trace the characteristics of a pn diode in forward biasing and reverse biasing. 17-18

Follow the instructions to find the value of Young's modulus of a given metal
10 19-21
(steel) bar by bending method. (Static method).

11 Follow the Stokes method to find the value of viscosity of glycerin. 22-24

12 Trace the characteristics of Zener diode in forward biasing and reversed biasing 25-26

13 Follow the step to find the surface tension of water using capillary rise method. 27-28

1
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 1

OBJECT:
Follow the instructions to study the characteristics of LRC accepter circuit and determine the
value of inductance.

APPARATUS:
Audio generator (10 Hz ----10MHz), LRC series circuit, multi meter, wires

FORMULA:

1
𝐿 =
4 Π 2 𝑓𝑟2 𝐶
Where:
L = Inductance (H)
C = Capacitance of capacitor (µF)
fr = Resonance frequency (Hz)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

2
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. Frequency Current I (µA) Log f
No. f(Hz) I1 I2 Mean I

GRAPH:

CALCULATION:

RESULT:
The Inductance of an inductor is found to be ___________H.

3
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 2

OBJECT:
React to the motion of fly wheel and find the moment of inertia of a flywheel.

APPARATUS:
Fly wheel, Vernier calliper, stopwatch, thread, weights and meter rod

FORMULA:
𝑀𝑔ℎ 𝑀𝑟 2
𝐼 = 𝑛 − 𝑛 (gm cm2)
𝜔2 ( 1+ 1 ) ( 1+ 1 )
𝑛 𝑛

Where:
I = Moment of inertia
M = Mass attached to the thread (gm)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (980 cm/sec2)
h = Height of mass
r = Radius of axle
n1 = Number of rotation on the axle
n = Number of rotation completed by the wheel after the detachment or fall of mass and
before coming to rest
4𝑛𝛱
ω = Angular velocity 𝜔 = 𝑡
t = Time taken by the fly wheel to complete n rotation

4
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. Mass No of rotation on No of rotation Time taken by the
Suspended the axle
No. completed by the fly wheel to
M
(gm)
𝑛1 wheel after the complete 𝑛
detachment or fall of
rotation
mass
t (sec)
𝑛
CW ACW Mean CW ACW Mean CW ACW Mean
1
2

CALCULATION:

RESULT:
The moment of inertia of fly wheel is found to be __________ gm cm2.

5
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 3

OBJECT:
Trace the response of inverse square law using photocell.

APPARATUS:
Photocell complete apparatus, scale, and ammeter.

FORMULA:
1
𝐼 𝛼 𝑑2
Where:
I = Intensity of light
d = Distance from photocell to source (cm)

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. d d2 1/d2 Current I (µA)
No. (cm) (cm)2 10-4(cm)-2 Increasing Decreasing Mean
I1 I2 I3 I4 I

GRAPH:

RESULT:

6
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 4

OBJECT:
Follow the steps to find the value of unknown resistances by neon flash bulb.

APPARATUS:
Resistance, Neon flash bulb, wire, crocodile clips, battery, stopwatch

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Resistance Time for 10 Flashes Time for one flash
R T T = t/ 10
(MΩ) (sec) (sec)
t1 t2 Mean t
2
4
6
8
10
R1
R2

7
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

GRAPH:

RESULT:
The value of unknown resistances are:
R1=________ (MΩ)
R2 =________(MΩ)

8
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 5
OBJECT:
Follow the Poisselleous method to find the value of viscosity of water.

APPARATUS:
Travelling microscope, capillary tube, graduated cylinder, magnifying glass, stop watch and meter
scale.
FORMULA:
𝛱 𝜌 𝑔 ℎ 𝑟4
𝜂 = (𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒)
8𝐿𝑉
where
η = Coefficient of viscosity
ρ = Density of water (1 gm /cc)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (980 cm/sec2)
h = Height of water inside graduated cylinder (cm)
r = Radius of Capillary tube (cm)
V = Volume of water collected in per second (ml / sec)
L = Length of Capillary tube (26.2 cm)

OBSERVATION:
Least Count of travelling microscope = __________(cm)
TABLE 1:
Radius of Capillary tube
r (cm)
Axis Position Position Diameter Radius Mean
At point At point A-B d/2 Radius
A B (cm) (cm) r
M.S.R. V.S.R. F.P. T.R. M.S.R. V.S.R. F.P. T.R. (cm)
(cm) (div.) (cm) (cm) (cm) (div.) (cm) (cm)
Horizontal

Vertical

9
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

TABLE 2:
Volume of water collected in per second V (ml / sec)

Volume Time V = v/t Mean

v (ml) t V
(sec)

CALCULATION:

𝛱 𝜌 𝑔 ℎ 𝑟4
𝜂 = (𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒)
8𝐿𝑉

RESULT:
The coefficient of viscosity of non-viscous medium (Water) by using Poisselleous method is
found to be _______________(poise)

10
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 6

OBJECT:
Follow the steps to trace the characteristics of the P-N-P Transistor in common emitter mode.

APPARATUS:
p-n-p transistor, voltmeter, ammeter, wire, variable resistor, battery and wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM;

OBSERVATION TABLE:
I B= µA I B= µA I B= µA I B= µA I B= µA
VCE IC VCE IC VCE IC VCE IC VCE IC
(Volt) (mA) (Volt) (mA) (Volt) (mA) (Volt) (mA) (Volt) (mA)

11
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

GRAPH:

RESULT:

12
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 7

OBJECT:
Follow the step to find the value of acceleration due to gravity “g” by using Compound
pendulum.

APPARATUS:
Compound pendulum, knife edge, Stopwatch, player, meter scale

FORMULA:
4 𝛱2 𝐿
𝑔 =
𝑇2

where
g = Acceleration due to gravity (980 cm/sec2)
T = Time period taken from graph (sec)
𝐴𝐵+𝐶𝐷
L = Length taken from graph (cm) 𝐿 = 2

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Distance from Time taken for 10 Time period
CG to hole oscillations (t) T = t /10
(cm) (sec) (sec)
10
20
END A 30
40
10
20
END B 30
40

13
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

GRAPH:

CALCULATION:
𝐴𝐵 + 𝐶𝐷
𝐿 =
2

4 𝛱2 𝐿
𝑔 =
𝑇2

RESULT:
The acceleration due to gravity “g” by using Compound pendulum is found to be
___________cm/sec2.

14
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 8

OBJECT:
Follow the instructions to study the characteristics of LRC rejector circuit and determine the value
of inductance.

APPARATUS:
Audio generator (10 Hz ----10MHz), LRC series circuit, multi meter, wires

FORMULA:

1
𝐿 =
4 𝛱2 𝑓𝑟2 𝐶
Where:
L = Inductance (H)
C = Capacitance of capacitor (µF)
fr = Resonance frequency (Hz)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

15
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. Frequency Current I (µA) Log f
No. f(Hz) I1 I2 Mean I

GRAPH:

CALCULATION:
1
𝐿 =
4 𝛱2 𝑓𝑟2 𝐶

RESULT:
The Inductance of an inductor is found to be _________________H

16
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 9

OBJECT:
Trace the characteristics of a pn diode in forward biasing and reverse biasing.

APPARATUS:
PN diode, variable resistors, battery, wire, voltmeter, ammeter.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Froward Biasing Circuit

Reversed Biasing Circuit

17
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. Forward Biasing Reversed Biasing
No. Voltage I1 I2 Mean I Voltage I1 I2 Mean I I
(Volt) (mA) (mA) (mA) (Volt) (mA) (mA) (µA) (mA)

GRAPH:

RESULT:

18
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 10

OBJECT:
Follow the instructions to find the value of Young's modulus of a given metal (steel) bar by
bending method. (Static method).

APPARATUS:
Travelling microscope, Steel bar, wooden stand, magnifying glass, Vernier calliper

FORMULA:
𝑔 𝐿3 𝑀
𝑌 = (𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 /𝑐𝑚2 )
4 𝑏 𝑑 3 𝑦𝑜

Where Y = Young modulus (dyne / cm2)

g = Acceleration due to gravity (980 cm/sec2)
L = Length of the bar (cm)
b = Breath of the bar (cm)
d = Thickness of the bar (cm)
M = Mass suspended or Load in pan (gm)
yo = Depression of each load (cm)

OBSERVATION:
Least count of Vernier Calliper = _________(cm)
Least count of Travelling microscope = _________(cm)

19
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

TABLE 1:
S. M.S.R. V.S.R. F.P.= T.R.= Mean
No. (cm) (div.) V.S.R. x M.S.R. Breadth
L.C. +F.P. b
(cm) (cm) (cm)

TABLE 2:
S. M.S.R. V.S.R. F.P.= T.R.= Mean
No. (cm) (div.) V.S.R. x M.S.R. Thickness
L.C. +F.P. d
(cm) (cm) (cm)

TABLE 3:
Mass Load Load Mean Depression Mean
Suspended Increasing Decreasing of of 200 yo
M M.S.R. V.S.R. F.P. T.R. M.S.R. V.S.R. F.P. T.R. Load (gm) (cm)

(gm) (cm) (div.) (cm) (cm) (cm) (div.) (cm) (cm)

0
200
400
600

20
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

CALCULATION:

𝑔 𝐿3 𝑀
𝑌 = (𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒 /𝑐𝑚2 )
4 𝑏 𝑑 3 𝑦𝑜

RESULT:
The Young Modulus of a given metal (steel) bar by using bending method is found to be
________________ dune/cm2.

21
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 11

OBJECT:
Follow the Stokes method to find the value of viscosity of glycerin.

APPARATUS:
Resonance tube with pulley, glycerin, Screw gauge, Stopwatch, steel balls

FORMULA:
2 𝑔 𝑟 2 ( 𝜎 − 𝜌)
ƞ = (𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒)
9𝑉

Where:
ƞ = Coefficient of viscosity (poise)
g = Acceleration due to gravity (980 cm/sec2)
r = Radius of steel balls (cm)
σ = Density of steel (7.87 gm/cc)
ρ = Density of glycerin (1.27 gm /cc)
V = Velocity of steel ball (cm / sec)

OBSERVATION:
Least count of Screw Gauge = _________(cm)

TABLE 1: Radius of Large Balls

S. M.S.R. C.S.R. F.P.= Diameter Radius Mean
No. (cm) (div.) C.S.R. x T.R.= (cm) Radius
L.C. M.S.R. (cm)
(cm) +F.P.
(cm)
1 Large
2 Balls
3

22
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

TABLE 2: Radius of Small Balls

S. M.S.R. C.S.R. F.P.= Diameter Radius Mean
No. (cm) (div.) C.S.R. x T.R.= (cm) Radius
L.C. M.S.R. (cm)
(cm) +F.P.
(cm)
1 Small
2 Balls
3

TABLE 3:
S. Velocity of Steel Balls
No. V
(cm/sec)
Distance Time t Velocity
d (cm) (sec) V = d/t
(cm/sec)
1 Large
2 Balls
3
Mean V = cm/sec
1 Small
2 Balls
3
Mean V = cm/sec

23
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

CALCULATION:
For Large and Small balls separately
2 𝑔 𝑟 2 ( 𝜎 − 𝜌)
ƞ = (𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑒)
9𝑉

ƞ𝐿 + ƞ𝑆
ƞ =
2

RESULT:
The coefficient of viscosity of glycerin by using Stokes method is found to be
______________(poise)

24
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 12

OBJECT:
Trace the characteristics of Zener diode in forward biasing and reversed biasing.

APPARATUS:
Zener diode, variable resistors, battery, wire, voltmeter, ammeter.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Froward Biasing Circuit

Reversed Biasing Circuit

25
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S. Forward Biasing Reversed Biasing
No.
Voltage I1 I2 Mean I Voltage I1 I2 Mean I I
(Volt) (mA) (mA) (mA) (Volt) (µA) (µA) (µA) (mA)

GRAPH:

RESULT:

26
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

EXPERIMENT NO 13

OBJECT:
Follow the step to find the surface tension of water using capillary rise method.

APPARATUS:
Travelling microscope, Beaker, wooden stand, magnifying glass, capillary tube, needle

FORMULA:
𝑟𝜌 𝑔 ℎ
𝑇 = (𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒/𝑐𝑚)
2

Where T = Surface tension (dyne / cm)

g = Acceleration due to gravity (980 cm/sec2)
r = Radius of capillary tube (cm)
ρ = Density of water (1 gm/cc)

OBSERVATION:
Least Count of travelling microscope = __________(cm)

TABLE 1:
Radius of Capillary tube
r (cm)
Axis Position Position Diameter Radius Mean
At point At point A-B d/2 Radius
A B (cm) (cm) r
M.S.R. V.S.R. F.P. T.R. M.S.R. V.S.R. F.P. T.R. (cm)
(cm) (div.) (cm) (cm) (cm) (div.) (cm) (cm)
Horizontal

Vertical

27
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.
 DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED PHYSICS

TABLE 2:
S. Height of water rise inside Capillary tube h (cm)
No. Height of water Height of water h=B-A
in beaker in beaker (cm)
A (cm) B (cm)

CALCULATION:
𝑟𝜌 𝑔 ℎ
𝑇 = (𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒/𝑐𝑚)
2

RESULT:
The surface tension of water by using Capillary rise method is found to be _________ (dyne/cm).

28
SIR SYED UNIVERSITY OF ENGG. & TECHNOLOGY KARACHI.