UNITY SECONDARY SCHOOL

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2019

SECONDARY 4 CHEMISTRY

Paper 1
1 A 11 A 21 C 31
31 D
2 D 12 B 22 A 32
32 C
3 A 13 B 23 D 333 D
4 C 14 D 24 D 34 A
5 D 15 C 255 C 35
35 A
6 C 16 B 266 D 36 B
7 B 17 A 27
27 C 37
3 D
8 D 18 D 288 B 38 D
9 C 19 D 29
2 A 39 B
10 A 20
20 B 30
30 A 40
4 B

Paper
err 2
A1 ai Br
Br 1
iii P 1
iii Noorr H 1

b P – brown
brrow
b own
wn ga
gas
as is sseen
ee
een 1
Q – purple
p rp
pu ple
e fumes/vapour
fume
fum s/va seen 1
R – purple-black
puurp
rple
le-black solid condensed on surface of tube
le 1

c Arsenici acid being a weak acid ionises to form a few hydrogen ions
only. At any time, there are only a few hydrogen ions colliding with the 1
magnesium ribbon causing little reaction.
Lesser number of colissions result in a lower proabability of effective 1
colissions with magnesium. Thus rate of reaction is slow.

A2 a 49.2 g of calcium nitrate

Number of mol = 49.2/164 = 0.3

0.3 mol of calcium nitrate produces 0.6 mol of NO 2 and 0.15 mol of 1
O2.

Total volume of gases = (0.6 + 0.15) x 24 dm3

1
= 18 dm3

b +5 1
 c Oxidation state of nitrogen in calcium nitrate (+5) decreased to +4
nitrogen dioxide; decrease in oxidation state; so reduced 1
1
A3 ai Argon 1
ii 1375 kJ/mol 1

[Range: 1300 – 1400 kJ accepted]

iii
The two valence electrons of magnesium is in the third shell that is
further away from nucleus as compared to beryllium’s valence electron 1
in second shell which is nearer to the nucleus.

Hence, attraction between the valence electron

on and the
the positively
positiv
charged nucleus is less strong in magnesium
esium and
an
nd needs
need
ne edss lesser
ed less 1
ionization energy.

b Should be the same; as the differ

difference
errence bbetween
ettwe
ween
en tthe
h two
he wo iisotopes
soto
so topes is
to 1
only the number of neutrons.
utrons. Thehe n number
um
mbe
ber of pprotons
ro
oto
t ns
n iis
s th
thee sa
ssame
me and
hence the attractive
e force
e will
wilil be the
th
he
e same.
sam
am
mee..

A4 a Na 3 PO 4 1
b H 3 PO
O4 + 3
3N
3NaOH
NaOH
H Æ N
Na
a3P
POO4 + 3
3HH2O 1

ci Nu
N
Number
umb
ber of mol
mol
mo
ol of
of H 3 PO
PO 4 = 0.05
05
05x1=0
0.05
.05
0 mmol
o
ol

0.05
0.
0 .05
0 mol
ol acid
aci
c d Æ 0.05
5 mol
mol of
of sodium
sso
od
diiu
umm phosphate
pho
hosp
s hate 1

Mass
Mass o
off sodi
sodium
diiu
d um
mpphosphate
hosp
ho phate = 0
0.05
.0
05 x 16
164
= 8.2 g 1

ii Po
Pour
ourur the
the
he solution
solut
utio
ut ion
io n into
intto an evaporating dish and heat it till the saturation
in 1
point.
ointt.
Lett thee hot
hot saturated
satu solution to cool for crystals to form. 1
Filterr to get the crystals, rinse with distilled water and dry by pressing
between filter papers. 1

A5 a y-axis : Volume of hydrogen gas/ cm3 1

b The volume of hydrogen gas produced is double that of expt 1. 1

Since zinc is the limiting reactant, they used double the mass of zinc; 1
0.52 g of zinc was used

c
1
 Copper(II) sulfate could have acted as a catalyst; which makes the
rate of reaction faster as indicated by a steeper gradient.
1
Some zinc could have reacted with the copper(II) sulfate in
displacement reaction; thus less zinc reacted with the acid.
Hence the volume of hydrogen is lesser.

d Zinc being more reactive than iron, provides sacrificial protection to 1

iron. It corrodes by reacting with the oxygen and protects the iron.

A6 ai Electron flow from zinc to copper in the wire 1

ii Zn (s) Æ Zn2+ (aq) + 2e- 1

Zinc is more reactive than copper so it loses

ses electrons
electrtrron
onss easily
easi
ea s ly to form 1
zinc ions.
bi Ammeter will record a lower reading
ding than that
tha
at for
fo zinc.
zi 1

This is because iron is closer to

o cco
copper
oppp
pe
err in
in the
the reactivity
th re
eaaccti
t vity
ty series
ser
erie
ies as
ie 1
compared to zinc and cop
copper.
pp
pe
er.

ii The container
ainer will h
have
ave a ligh
light
gh
g ht green
g ee
gr en solution
solution w
whereas
herre
he re itit was
reas w s
wa 1
colourless
urless when
when
wh e zinc
zin
inc was
in was used.
wa usse
u edd.

A7 a Ethanol
E ha
Et h no
nol burns
nol burn
r s in
rn in oxygen
oxxyyg
ge
en tto
o form
forrm carbon
cca
arrb
arbbon
bon
on dioxide
dioxide
de a
and
nd wat
water.

Inn this co
combustion
ombus
mb
m bus
us
ustion reaction,
rea
ea
accttiio
on,, the
th
hee energy
ene
nerg
rgyy needed
ne to break the bonds 1
(C-C,
((C
C-CC,, O
O-H,
-H,
H, C
C-H,)
-H,
H,,) iin
n et
e
ethanol
tha
hanol and d oxygen
oxyg
ox ygen molecules
yg mo (O=O) is
much
m uchh llower
oweerr tthan
ha
han

th
the
he en
energy
ner
eg gyy released
re
ellease
sed
se
ed in forming
formin the bonds (C=O) in carbon dioxide and 1
(O-H)
(O
O-H)
H) b
bonds
o ds iin
on n water;
watte
wa ter;
r he
hence the enthalpy change is negative.

bi From
om the
the table,
table
1 mol
ol of ethanol
eth gives out 1370 kJ of energy.
1370 kJ
k of energy from 1 mole
200 kJ of energy will come from = 1/1370 x 200
= 0.146 mol of ethanol 1

No of mol of CO 2 produced = 0.146 x 2 =0.292

Volume of CO 2 = 0.292 x 24 dm3
= 7.01 dm3 1

bii
1 mol of octane gives out 5510 kJ of energy. 1
5510 kJ of energy from 1 mole
 200 kJ of energy will come from = 1/5510 x 200
= 0.0363 mol of octane
1
No of mol of CO 2 produced = 0.0363 x 8 = 0.290
Volume of CO 2 = 0.290 x 24 dm3
= 6.97 dm3

c Ethanol is not necessarily a greener fuel because it produces 1

slightly more carbon dioxide than octane in combustion when the
same amount of energy is released.

A8 ai It refers to a group of organic compounds having similar

ar chemical
ch 1
properties and the same functional group.

ii Ethanoyl chloride will have a higher boiling

ng point than
th
han methanoyl
met
eth
hanoy 1
chloride.

This is because ethanoyl chloride

loridee is a bi
bigger
igg
ger
er mmolecule
olec
ol e ule
e an
and
d th
there are
stronger forces of attraction
ction between
betw
tw
wee
een
en the
the molecules
th mole
mo lecu
cule
l s ass compared
com
ompa
p red to 1
that in methanoyl chloride
chloride.(smaller
e.(
.(smalle er m
molecule)
olle
eccu
ulle
e)

iii

b
Name
Na
ame
me off ester:
es
e ste
t r: me
meth
methyl
thyl
yl butanoate
buta

Structure:
tructurre:
B9 ai Silica / SiO 2 ; 1

ii Silica has a giant molecular structure where all the silicon and oxygen 1
atoms are held together by a network of strong covalent bonds.;

A lot of energy is required to overcome these bonds, hence, it can 1

withstand high heat.;

b Potash is more thermally stable ; 1

because K is a more reactive metal than Na and ms a more

nd forms more stable 1
compound with oxygen.

ci Potassium salt is an ionic compound

mpound and
d ions
ion
io ns are
ns are held
hel
eld
d by
by strong
str 1
electrostatic forces of attraction.
ction. ;

Only in the molten state will

wilill the ions
io
ons be
be free
ffrre
eee to
to move
m ve / mobile.
mo mob
obile. ; hence 1
the temperature
re is h
high
ig
gh

ii The potass
p
po
potassium
o siu um ioiions
ons h
have
a e a la
av llarger
arger iionic
on
o n
nic
ic radii
ic rad 42 x 10-12 m while the 1
a ii of 142
14
sodium
so
odi
d um
um ionss only
on
o nly
ly have
ha
avve an
an ionic
ionicc radii
ra
addiiii of
of 116
11
1 16 x 10 2 m. ;
-12

potassium
po
p otassiu
um ionsio
onss fills up
up the
tth
he structure
ssttru
ruccttu
urre andand prevents
p even the atoms (and ions) 1
pr
in
n the
the
he glass
gla
lass
ssss from
fromm moving/sliding
movviing
mo ng/sliding g easily,
eas
asilily,
ilily hence
hen increasing its strength. ;

Accept:
A
Acce
Accce
cept
ep
ptt:
- K+ iio ions
on
nss wer
were
ere
ere la
larg
larger larger ionic radii than Na+ ions
rger / la
rg
- Re R
Reduces
educecess the
ce the empty
empt spaces between particles / limits movement
betw
be
between
twee
tw een
ee n particles.
parti

iii Silicon
on dioxide
diox is the main component in the Gorilla glass and is an 1
acidic
c oxide that reacts with an alkali. ;

B10 ai Anode: 2Clí (aq) Æ Cl 2 (g) + 2eí 1

Cathode: 2H+ (aq) + 2eí Æ H 2 (g) 1

ii Bubbles of gases (yellow-green) will be seen at anode 1

1
 This is because although both chloride and hydroxide ions are
attracted to the anode, it is the chloride ions that are preferentially
discharged due to its higher concentration 1

Bubbles of gas (colourless) also formed at cathode 1

This is because although hydrogen ions and sodium ions are attracted
to the cathode, due to the ease of discharge, hydrogen ions are
preferentially discharged.

bi Number of mol of oxygen gas = 6/24 = 0.25 mol

4OH- (aq) Æ 2H 2 O + O 2 + 4e-

When 1 mol of oxygen is formed at anode, 4 mol of e are

are
e lost.
los
o t.
Since only ¼ mol of oxygen is formed, only
ly 1 mol of
of e are
are lost.
lost.

Cu2+ (aq) + 2e- Æ Cu (s)

From this,
1 mol of e can only produce
duce ½ mo
m
mol
ol off Cu
Cu 1
Mass of copper formed
med = ½ x 64 g = 3 32
2g

Ag+ (aq) + e- Æ Ag Ag (s))

1 mol of e ccanan produ
an produce
duce
du e1m mol
o of
ol of silver
sillvver
si 1
Mass ooff silv
silver
lvver
er fformed
orrmed
o d = 10
108
08 g

ii The
The bl
Th blue
lue
ue solution
sol
olluttio
o ion turned
turn
tu rneed
d colourless
co
ollo
ou
url
rles
rles
e ss 1
when
w
wh
hen all
alll the
th
he copper
coopper ions
ion
ons had
had been
ha be
b ee
enn discharged
dissch
cha
arged from
ar fr the solution. 1

Orr
O

Reddish-brown
Re
Reddddis
ish-br
broow
wn solid
soliliid iss fformed
ormed at cathode
as ccopper
oppe
op per ions
nss a
are
re b being
eing d discharged to form copper metal.

B11 Either
therr

a The compound
o X is methanol. 1

Concentrated sulfuric acid is needed as a catalyst and the mixture 1

must be heated.

bi Monomer D 1
ii Monomer B which has C=C bonds in it. 1
It undergoes addition polymerisation where atoms are not lost.

ci Monomer A and C
 1

ii It has amide group in it with nitrogen atoms; on burning it may form the 1
harmful gases, nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide.

These nitrogen oxides may give rise to the formation of acid rain that 1
corrodes buildings and affects vegetation.

d Adding some bromine solution separately into all the

e fo
four
u solutions.
so 1
Only monomer B, having the C=C bond, will deco
decolourise
olo
ouri
risse the
th red-
brown iodine solution.

Add acidified potassium manganite(VII)

nganite(VII) solution
so
olu
l ti
tion
o to
on he tthree
t the hree
hree
remaining solutions and heat.
eat. Monomer
Moonome D,, ha
er D having
h avi n the
ving e hydroxyl
hyd group,
ydroxyl grou 1
will get oxidised and there be
here will b colour
e a coolo ur cchange
lour nge in
hang
ha i the
h solution.
he sol
olut
u ion.
Purple solution will turn colourless.
n co
colour rle
less
s .

In the remaining
maining two
wo
w o solutions,
sol
ollut ionss, add
utio a d a piece of magnesium
ad mag
ma m ribbon.
gnesiium ribb
ri bbo
on. 1
The one w which
wh
hic
hic produces
ich prod
od
oduucce
ess bubbles
bu
ubbbblles
es of gas
ga
gas will be
be monomer
mono mer A as it is
nome
an acid.
aci
cciid.
d

The
Th
T monomer
he mo
ono
nome
me
mer which
h does
do
doeess not
ott react
no eacctt in all
rea alll the
the three
th reactions above is
monomer
m
moonome
er C.
C.

B11 OR
O R
a Coke
Coke
Co e is
is essential
esse
es en
nttiia
al in tthe
he b
blast
last furnace
la furn for the following two reactions.

Firstly,
Firs
sttlly,
y, ccoke
oke is n
needed
eeded to burn in oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
ee
C + O 2 Æ CO 2 1

Secondly,
ondly it is needed to reduce carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.
CO 2 + C Æ 2CO 1

We need this carbon monoxide because, carbon monoxide will reduce 1

the iron(III) oxide in haematite to produce iron.

Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO Æ 2Fe + 3CO 2 1

b Order of reactivity: lead, iron, metal X (least reactive to most reactive) 1

In beaker 1, iron displaces lead; iron is more reactive. 1

In beaker 3, X displaces iron, metal X is more reactive than iron. 1
 In beaker 2, lead cannot displace X; as X is most reactive

ci Fe2+ (aq) + 2OHí (aq) Æ Fe(OH) 2 (s) 1

ii The brown solid is iron(III) hydroxide. 1

It is formed when green iron(II) hydroxide gets oxidised to brown 1

iron(III) hydroxide by the atmospheric oxygen.