Republic of the Philippines

ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

La Paz, Iloilo City

ELECTRIC SAND SCREEN SHAKER

An Experimental Research

Presented to

The Faculty of the College of Education

Iloilo Science and Technology University

In Partial Fulfillment
On the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION MAJOR IN

INDUSTRIAL ARTS

By:
Ivan Joshua R. Jaleco
Nuelmar D. Fermantes
Don Winzie I. Galaura
 Republic of the Philippines
ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

CHAPTER 1
INTORDUCTION

Chapter I covers seven parts: (1) Background of the Study, (2) Statement of the Problem,
(3) Hypotheses, (4) Theoretical Framework, (5) Conceptual Framework, (6) Definition of
Terms, (7) Significance of the Study, and (8) Scope and Limitation of the Study.

Part One, Background of the Study, justifies the need for the study and discusses the
rationale for choosing the problem.

Parts Two and Three, Statement of the Problem and the Hypotheses, states the problem to
be answered and hypotheses to be tested.

Part Four and Five, Theoretical and Conceptual Framework, tackles some theories and
principles which the study is anchored and the presents the variables that will be used in the
study.

Part Six, Definition of Terms, defines the conceptual and operational meanings of
important terms used in the study.

Part Seven, Significance of the Study, states the importance and the benefits that may be
derived from the findings of the study.

Part Eight, Scope and Limitation of the Study, specifies the scope and coverage of the
study.
 Republic of the Philippines
ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

Background of the Study

In building industry, sand is one of the most important things in industrial world. Civil
construction cannot be devoid of use of sand as the sand becomes the integral part of the
construction process. Sand is used at different stages in construction right from the foundation
building work to the finishing work is decorative plaster. It is obvious that requirement of sand
size and texture are different at different stages hence the sand that is available at the site is
needed to be screened.

Fining sand using sand screen is very important because it is a basic portion of the
development handle. It gives the essential level base which gives the crucial support for cement,
building, development establishments, asphalts, streets and different other development
structures. Sieving is a simple technique for separating particles of different sizes. It is one of the
oldest methods of analysis, but the particle size measured is ill defined. Sieves are made from
woven wire, from plates with holes punched in them, or by holes in a plate. A quantity of the
powder is placed on top of the sieve, which is usually vibrated so that the smaller particles fall
through the holes in the sieve. (Lloyd, 2003)

The preparation of fining the sand is vital to know why it takes cautions consideration
and why numerous contemplations are included to do it properly. Most man-made structures are
some ways or another backed by the soil or there’s a stone underneath them. Amid the
development prepare, the sand needs to be fine by the help of sieving using the sand screen.

The way sand has been collected still used the controversial way such as sieving using
hand or machine. Making this new technology make the process efficiently and help reduced the
time and effort of the workers and cut the cost at the same time.
 Republic of the Philippines
ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to develop and determine the level of acceptability of an Electric Sand
Screen Shaker.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following

1. Develop the electric sand screen shaker

2. What is the level of acceptability of electric sand screen shaker in terms of

durability, safety, and effectiveness?

3. Is there a significant difference on the level of acceptability of electric sand

screen shake in terms of durability, safety, and effectiveness?

Hypothesis
There is no significant difference on the level of acceptability of electric sand screen
shaker in terms of durability, safety and effectiveness.

Theoretical Framework

This study was anchored on the two theories which deals with the creation of the new

technologies. These two theories were the New Product Development Theory of Franke and

Schreier and Innovation Theories of Nick Skillicorn.

the most important idea embedded on the new product development theory of Franke and

Schreir (2002) is that seeing new products, technologies and innovations as a strategic weapon.
 Republic of the Philippines
ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

The theory reflects the fact that an organization’s ability to innovate successfully has been linked

to financial performance.

Innovation theories of Nick Skillicorn Innovation Management is a framework to manage

innovation projects in a more agile way than traditional project management. For example,

instead of asking managers to develop a full business case with lifetime costs and risks to ask for

budget for a full project (which is often highly inaccurate and purely guesswork for innovation

projects), a manager might only be required to ask for budget to do an initial set of experiments

to test the market for an idea. This can lead to a much larger number of innovations being tested

much more quickly, for a lower cost and at a lower risk than traditional management methods.the

most important new innovation framework you need to be aware of is this one. “Jobs to be

Done” centres around the concept that instead of thinking about what features or benefits a

customer would want to buy, an innovation should instead try to find out what

job/activity/outcome a customer is trying to accomplish, and then develop something which

helps them achieve that. Creativity & Innovation help individuals and companies build their

creativity and innovation capabilities, so you can develop the next breakthrough idea which

customers love. (Skillicorn, 2017).

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ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

Conceptual Framework

The research paradigm below shows that the independent variables are the effectiveness
on the workers and its performance. On the other hand, the dependent variable is the electric
sand screen shaker.

No need to put the Independent and Dependent names on the box

Make it black box, also just connect them with a straight line only.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Durability
Safety Electric Sand Screen Shaker
Effectiveness

Definition of Terms

To understand the words in this study, the following terms are conceptually
and operationally defined.

Electric. is a form of energy that can be carried by wires and is used for heating and
lighting, and to provide power for machines (Collins, 2021). No need to bold the reference,
and period must be after the citation

In this study, electric refers to the power to operates the technology.

Sand Screen Shaker. It is a technology or a type of filter used to separate sand particles

from other materials. (Tatum, Et. Al., 2021)

In this study, sand screen shaker refers to the technology used for sand to make it fine or
separate from other materials by its movement.
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ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

Durability. The term durability is often used to imply the possession of qualities associated
with long-life. (Frohnsdorff and Masters, 2018)

In this study, durability refers to the quality of being able to last long of the electric sand
screen shaker.

Safety. is a state in which hazards and conditions leading to physical, psychological or

material harm are controlled in order to preserve the health and well-being of individuals,
(World Health Organization, 1998).

In this study, safety refers to the prevention and control of injuries and other consequences or
harm caused by accidents of the electric sand screen shaker.

Effectiveness. A measure of the extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen,

or service, when deployed in the field in routine circumstances, does what it is intended to do for
a specified population. (Wojtczak, 2002)

In this study, effectiveness refers to the result of capability of the electric sand screen shaker
to the workers.

Significance of the Study

This study is beneficial to the following:

Experts/Practitioners. The workers will also have a benefit for this technology, it can
help them to do their work become organize and can consume less effort and time.
 Republic of the Philippines
ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

Industry. This study will benefit the industry, as they are the one to get this idea and
produce a particular kind of goods or services.

Teachers. This study will also have a benefit for the teachers, as they can act as a
facilitator on having this technology and can observe and learn about it.

Student. The student will be the one to observe the machine on how it works and also to
explain on the class if the machine is working and functional.

Future Researchers.This study will benefit the future researchers, as they can study,
read, discover and learn about this project and give some recommendations for the betterment of
this technology.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study aims to develop and determine the level of acceptability electric sand screen
shaker. The respondents of the study will be the selected construction workers of Pavia, Iloilo.
This study will be conducted in the year 2021. To gather the data from the respondents, a
researcher-made questionnaire will be utilized with five-point hedonic scale. The data will be
gathered tabulated and computed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS)
software, set at 0.05 alpha level. To analyze and interpret the data, descriptive and inferential
statistics will be used. For descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation will be used. For
inferential statistics, Kruskal Wallis H test will be used.
 Republic of the Philippines
ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SUDIES

Chapter 2 includes three parts: (1) Effects of Sand Screen Shaker on the workers, (2)
Advantages of Electric Sand Screen Shaker in the Building Construction; and (3) Summary.

Part One, Effects of Electric Sand Screen Shaker on the Workers, discusses some
researches about the result of having the sand screen shaker on the workers.

Part Two, Advantages of Electric Sand Screen Shaker in the Building Construction,
contains different researches about the advantages of this machine in building construction.

Part Three, Summary, summarizes the researches relevant to the present study.

Effects of Electric Sand Screen Shaker on the Workers

People always prefer the most suitable way to cut their cost and time example in a
construction where they have to finish the work before the due date. This might be a problem,
however sometime in big company there are high tech machine that can do thin work sieving any
sub stand or mixture, but sometime in construction required a special sieve machine that are
comfortable and easy to use (Krishnarajv, 2018). No need to highlight the reference, period
must be at the end of the citation. Also, make it in a paragraph from that connects all the
ideas of different researches or studies

Construction of buildings requires sand as an important ingredient. Sand is used at

different stages in construction right from the foundation to the finishing work i.e. plaster. This
sand is needs to be screened properly for various stages in construction, i.e. size of sand for
construction work is slightly coarse whereas that used for plaster work is fine. Conventionally
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ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

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screening is normally done manually using fixed screens or machines This manual process time
consuming and laborious takes a lot of time and cost. (S.Bandgar, Et. Al., 2018)

The sand is being collected still used the conversational way such as sieving using hand or
machine. And human energy is needed to run the process. So to make the process more efficient,
new technology is needed to help increase the productivity so the human power can be reducing
and also can cut the cost of the process. (Krishnarajv, 2018)

The purpose of screening is to separate from a granular substance particles that are smaller
than the screen opening from those that are larger. This is not as simple as it sounds, and the
difficulties compound as the opening becomes smaller. Now if the sieve is subjected to some
kind of motion, reciprocating or gyrator in the horizontal plane, or shaken with a reciprocating
motion having both vertical and horizontal components, the minus 1/8” particles will begin to
pass through the screen, at a diminishing rate until all but the particles closest to the opening size
have been separated out. The time duration of the shaking to reach this stage will be roughly
proportional to the amount of the sample placed on the test sieve1 , which determines the depth
of the static material bed before the shaking starts. (James F. Sullivan, 2013)

Sand sieving machine has the function to sieve sand and stone that mixed together. The
sand and the stone cannot process further if they mix. Thus, this machine will help operator work
which was doing sieve with no machine mechanism. With machine mechanism driven by human
power will reduce the time to sieve. (Kurnia, Et. Al, 2019)

Advantages of Electric Sand Screen Shaker in the Building Construction

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Vibrating siever are used to separate materials into various sizes for further processing, or
for end use. Depend on our need, the material is separated by passing it through a vibrating
“screen box” which has a number of different sized screens, or meshes, which materials falls

through like a sieve, the materials falls onto attached conveyors which stock pile the end
products. The end products can then be used in the building construction industries. This
machine is high efficiency, fine and long durability, no dead angle and material left in the
machine, materials can be automatically discharge and the machine can be continuously operated
and simple to operate. (Gandhi Et. Al, 2016)

Sand Screening Machines is one of the highly acclaimed machines in the construction
industry. Sand screening machines is available in wide variety such as power / manual sand
screening machine, vibratory sand screening machine and more which are widely appreciated for
compact design and perfect screening of material. Our array is widely appreciated for optimum
performance and durability. (Bhosale, 2008)

Sand control screens are typically made from stainless steel, which helps the screen hold
up under harsh conditions. Stainless steel tends to perform much more effectively than other
materials when exposed to natural gas or crude oil. It is able to resist rust and chemical
corrosion, which helps to prolong the life of the screen.( B. Turner, 2021)

This machine is specifically designed for screening and removing dirt, dust and silt from
sand in order to bring quality in construction. In one single unit, there is integrated both
screening and washing mechanism for easy and quick operation. The machine is integrated with
an eccentric shaft that enables the screen to vibrate at high speed. In order to move the machine
from one place to another, it is attached with strong mild steel wheels. (Shah, 2004)
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ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

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Mechanical screen is the key sand retaining barrier for unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in the
early sand control completion and late sand control measure. Sand retaining precision is one of
the key parameters for screen liner sand control, and determines the success of sand control and
whether high production can be obtained after the measure. The sand retaining precision is
generally determined according to the sand particle size, production condition and sand control
purpose in the design of screen pipe. (Dong Changyin, Et. Al., 2016)

Summary

With this research work entitled “The Development of Electric Sand Screen Shaker” base on
the related literature, it may be ascertain that electric sand screen shaker have a lot of advantages
in building construction. Also having this technology has a great impact on the workers and it
helps them to make their work much easier in sieving the sand. All throughout the study,
hypothesis and research questions will be tested if these technology will really have a big
contribution in building construction and conclusion will be made of after all.

Make sure it summarizes the ideas of the researches cited above.

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ILOILO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
La Paz, Iloilo City

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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

Chapter 3 is divided into five parts: (1) Research Design, (2) Participants, (3) Data
Gathering Instruments, (4) Data Gathering Procedure, and (5) Data Analysis Procedure.

Part One, Research Design, restates the reasons for conducting the study and the method
used in this study.

Part Two, Participants, describes the participants in this study.

Part Three, Data Gathering Instrument, presents the sources of data needed for the
investigation.

Part Four, Data Gathering Procedure, describes the steps that the researchers will be used
in conducting this study.

Part Five, Data Analysis Procedure, explains the statistical techniques that will be
employed in analyzing the data to be gathered for the study.

Research Design
The type of research will be used in this is experimental research. Kerry Tanner (2002),
stated that experimental research is undertaken when a researcher wishes to trace cause-and-
effect relationships between defined variables. However, there are major constraints on causal
inference in experimental research, and the type of experimental design chosen has a significant
influence on the inferences that can be validly drawn from experiment results.
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La Paz, Iloilo City

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This method guided the researchers in determining the acceptability of electric sand screen
shaker. This will be conducted and focused to the selected construction workers in building
industry.

Participants
The respondents of the study will be the thirty (30) selected construction workers coming
from Pavia, Iloilo. The respondents will be the one to provide data to the researchers in
determining the acceptability of the product. A purposive sampling technique will be used in
choosing the respondents.

Data Gathering Instruments

This study will use a researcher-made questionnaire about the electric sand screen shaker.
The questionnaire will be a 5-point hedonic scale which composed of 6 questions, the
questionnaire will be divided into two parts. First the personal information of the respondents
includes the name, age and type of job in the field of construction, but this only optional for the
respondents. Second part includes the evaluation on the durability, safety and effectiveness to be
rated by the respondents.

The researchers will employ the scale below to be included in the questionnaire.
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1 Dislike Extremely
2 Dislike Slightly
3 Neither Like nor Dislike
4 Like Slightly
5 Like Extremely

The questionnaire will be validated by three (3) experts to determine its validity before
employing to the respondents of the study.
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La Paz, Iloilo City

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Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will ask permission to the office of the Dean of the College of Education
to conduct the study. Also, the researchers will ask permission on the chosen respondents to
answer the researcher-made questionnaire.

Upon approval, the chosen respondents will be given a researcher-made questionnaire

individually. The respondents fill out and evaluate the said innovation by answering the
researcher-made questionnaire. The researcher-made questionnaire will be gathered after the
respondents have answered. Respondents’ answers will be recorded, tabulated and interpreted
using the appropriate statistical tool.

Data Analysis Procedure

The data were gathered, tabulated and computed using the Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) software, set at 0.05 alpha level. The result will be analyzed and interpreted
using the following statistical tool.

The descriptive statistics that will be used are the mean and standard deviation. Mean will
be used in order to determine the acceptability of electric sand screen shaker. Standard Deviation
will be used to determine the dispersion of the scores from means.

To interpret the level of acceptability, the researcher will use the scale below.
SCALE DESCRIPTION
1.0-1.49 Dislike Extremely
1.5 -2.49 Dislike Slightly
2.5-3.49 Neither Like nor Dislike
3.5-4.49 Like Slightly
4.5-5.0 Like Extremely
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La Paz, Iloilo City

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For inferential statistics, Kruskal Wallis H test will be used to determine the significant
difference of the level of acceptability of the product.